1. Endocrine System

2. Endocrine System Overview
Defined: Body system that controls growth, development, environmental responses
Physically disconnected
Glands: Major organs of the endocrine system
Make hormones
Hormones: chemical signals that move through blood stream
Hormones attach to cell receptor
Cause target cells produce proteins

3. Steroid & Non-Steroid Hormones
Naturally produced by the body
Travel through blood
Attach to receptor of target cells
Target cell creates proteins

4. Steroid & Nonsteroid Hormones
Differences Between
Steroid & Nonsteroid Hormones
Steroid hormones enter into the cell.
Non-steroid hormones do not enter the cell.
Non-steroid hormone
Steroid hormone
Nonsteroid hormone binds to receptor on the cell membrane.
Steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane
receptor
Steroid hormone binds to a receptor within the cell.
Receptor stimulates a 2nd messenger with in the cell.
second messenger
receptor
nucleus
2nd messenger starts a series of chemical reactions in cytoplasm.
The hormone and receptor enter the nucleus and bind to DNA
Chemical reactions
DNA
Steroid hormone causes DNA to make proteins.
2nd messenger reactions activate enzymes.
proteins
activated enzymes

5. 1988 Summer Olympics: Ben Johnson (Canada) vs
1988 Summer Olympics: Ben Johnson (Canada) vs. Carl Lewis (USA) The Race that Shocked the World

6. YouTube clip: Endocrine system

7. Major Glands Glands create hormones (C) Hypothalamus
Stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones
Helps controls growth, reproduction, body temp
(B) Pituitary gland
Controls cell growth
Stimulates other glands
(A) Thyroid gland
Regulates metabolism, growth, development
(D) Thymus
Allows WBCs to mature to fight infection

8. Major Glands (E) Adrenal Glands Controls “fight or flight” response
Increases breathing, alertness, blood pressure
(F) Pancreas
Controls glucose level in blood
Gonads: influence sexual development
(H) Testes (XY): produces testosterone
(G) Ovaries (XX): produces estrogen, progesterone

10. Effects of testosterone

11. Communication Between Nervous System & Endocrine System
cold
Connected by the hypothalamus in the brain
Receives signals from sensors
Produces releasing hormones that stimulate other glands to produce hormones.
Ex: Used in thermoregulation to maintain homeostasis
hormone A
hormone B
hormone C

12. hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
thymus
Adrenal glands
pancreas
ovaries
testes

13. Review What are glands and what do they release?
What do hormones direct cells to create?
How do hormones travel through the body?
What gland connects the endocrine and nervous systems?
What are the differences between steroid and nonsteroid hormones?
Examine the diagram of the endocrine system on slide #12. Practice labeling the 8 different glands.
Which gland….
releases insulin to lower blood sugar levels?
increases your alertness and blood pressure?
helps your white blood cells mature?
is located atop your kidneys?
are found in your brain (two answers)?
is considered your body’s thermostat?