1. A COMPARISON OF TWO SEX ADDICTS
Using the ECR (Experiences in Close Relationships)
And the AAI (Adult Attachment Inventory),
the DMM (Dynamic Maturational Model)

3. Presented by Charley Shults 12 Harley Street London, England, U.K.
W1G 9PG

4. The floggings will continue
Until morale improves

5. Experiences in Close Relationships
18 items for each scale
Two scales: Anxiety & Avoidance
36 items total

6. Chris Fraley’s website:
Self-Report Measures of Adult Attachment Phillip R. Shaver University of California, Davis R. Chris Fraley University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

7. The Original Hazan & Shaver self report measure:
The Revised Hazan & Shaver (1987) Three-Category Measure
These questions are concerned with your experiences in romantic love relationships. Take a moment to think about these experiences and answer the following questions with them in mind.
Read each of the three self-descriptions below (A, B, and C) and then place a checkmark next to the single alternative that best describes how you feel in romantic relationships or is nearest to the way you feel. (Note: The terms "close" and "intimate" refer to psychological or emotional closeness, not necessarily to sexual intimacy.)
______A. I am somewhat uncomfortable being close to others; I find it difficult to trust them completely, difficult to allow myself to depend on them. I am nervous when anyone gets too close, and often, others want me to be more intimate than I feel comfortable being.
______B. I find it relatively easy to get close to others and am comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me. I don't worry about being abandoned or about someone getting too close to me.
______C. I find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I often worry that my partner doesn't really love me or won't want to stay with me. I want to get very close to my partner, and this sometimes scares people away.
Now please rate each of the relationship styles above to indicate how well or poorly each description corresponds to your general relationship style.

8. The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991)
These questions are similar to the previous ones, but they have been changed in various ways. A fourth relationship style has been added and the other three descriptions are now worded differently and are presented in a new order. Following are four general relationship styles that people often report. Place a checkmark next to the letter corresponding to the style that best describes you or is closest to the way you are.
____ A. It is easy for me to become emotionally close to others. I am comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me. I don’t worry about being alone or having others not accept me.
____ B. I am uncomfortable getting close to others. I want emotionally close relationships, but I find it difficult to trust others completely, or to depend on them. I worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others.
____ C. I want to be completely emotionally intimate with others, but I often find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I am uncomfortable being without close relationships, but I sometimes worry that others don’t value me as much as I value them.
____ D. I am comfortable without close emotional relationships. It is very important to me to feel independent and self-sufficient, and I prefer not to depend on others or have others depend on me.
Now please rate each of the relationship styles above to indicate how well or poorly each description corresponds to your general relationship style.

11. ECR
Kelly A. Brennan, Catherine L. Clark, and Phillip R. Shaver

12. ECR & ECR-R 36 Items 18 Anxiety 18 Avoidance 4 Quadrants
Show sample ECR

15. Revised ECR
54 Items
18 Anxiety
18 Avoidance
18 Confusion

16. Why a 3rd Scale? Clinical experience Gladwell’s Tipping Point
2 scales give 11,664 possibilities (108 x 108)
3 scales give 1,259,712 (1083)

17. CONFUSION
“They didn’t like it when two or three people would be talking at once. That’s the producers’ natural instinct, to hype a scene by creating confusion. It’s supposed to tell you that this is exciting. The fact is that our kids turned away from that kind of situation. Instead of picking up on the signal that something exciting is going on, they picked up on the signal that something confusing is going on. And they’d lose interest.”
Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point
p. 104, Abacus paper back edition, 2000

18. Show the RECR,v.2

19. Show the 3D RECR

20. Adult Attachment Interview
George, Kaplan & Main, 1986
Used extensively
Modified by Crittenden using the DMM Method

21. Adult Attachment Interview
Permits fine-grained observation of mental and interpersonal processes
That often [and I would say almost always] are not in the respondents’ conscious awareness
As with more objective measures it permits specification of:
what is being assessed
why it is important
how it contributes to the summary result

22. Adult Attachment Interview
Together, these foster the generation of sound information about mental processing relevant to human relationships and interpersonal adaptation. Further, with a few modifications to the interview itself, the AAI can provide both evidence of inner psychological processes that effect normal behavior and development and also a new type of diagnostic information in cases of maladaptation. Finally, the AAI provides historical information about the childhood experience of adults.

29. HARINAM

30. Show Harinam’s 3D RECR

31. HARINAM DMM Classification
Utr/l(a)F,self A4 (7)F [ina]
Utr/l = unresolved trauma & loss
(a) = anticipated
F, self = both for father and self
A4 = compulsive compliance
A(7)F = delusional idealization (father)
[ina] = intrusions of negative affect

32. The Recovery Zone Dr. Patrick Carnes’ website
Sex Addiction Screening Test
Certified Sex Addiction Therapist

33. Harinam SAST

34. LUCY

35. LUCY 2

36. Lucy DMM Classification
(R) partial Dp, Utr (dp) pa, dv, A3-4, (7)M
(R) Reintegrating, partially
Dp – some depression (meaning a failed strategy)
Utr (dp) for
pa – physical abuse
dv – domestic violence
A3-4 for overall strategy
A7 (m) – A7 with regard to mom

37. Show Lucy’s 3D RECR

38. Lucy SAST

39. Why don’t Harinam and Lucy get coded as A5?
Question:
Why don’t Harinam and Lucy get coded as A5?

40. A5 - Promiscuous “Overview
This subpattern is based on theory (Crittenden, 1995, 1997a), clinical case material, and clinical observations from Adult Attachment Interviews . Because the description has been drawn from fewer examples than other subpatterns, it may require revision and elaboration.”
From Crittenden, DRAFT- March, 2004: Patterns of Attachment in Adulthood: A Dynamic-Maturation Approach to Analyzing The Adult Attachment Interview

41. The self-protective strategy:
The A5 pattern refers to distance from appropriately intimate and protective figures, i.e., attachment figures and sexual partners, and intimacy (both sexual and non-sexual) with regard to distant, inappropriate, or dangerous figures, i.e., “indiscriminate” attachment and masochistic attachment. That is, A5 individuals give up any form of idealization or even exoneration of family members, but retain the idealizing process which is applied to unknown persons.

42. In addition, both functionally and in terms of the processing of information, there is a confusion of danger and pain with safety and comfort. Because obtaining comfort may incur danger, perception of discomfort or pain may be treated as irrelevant to the self.

43. The compulsively promiscuous subpattern usually develops in conjunction with A6 and often has fragments of other compulsive subpatterns from childhood. For example, the A5-6 speaker may have been (or be now) role reversing or compliant with regard to one of the parents. These strategies, however, failed to protect the child adequately and have been replaced in adulthood by a preference for intimacy with idealized, but unknown, others.

44. Put in a slide on limerence here

45. Risk for psychopathology:
The subpattern can exist in a mild, compulsively social form in which non-sexual, non-intimate relationships appear to (promiscuously) replace truly intimate sexual relationships as well as in a more severe, sexually promiscuous form (typified by incest, prostitutes, pedophiles, even some serial killers, etc.).

46. What is missing from the description given on the previous slide?
Another Question
What is missing from the description given on the previous slide?

47. The Middle

48. We go from the mild:
“The subpattern can exist in a mild, compulsively social form in which non-sexual, non-intimate relationships appear to (promiscuously) replace truly intimate sexual relationships ...

49. To the extreme:
“...as well as in a more severe, sexually promiscuous form (typified by incest, prostitutes, pedophiles, even some serial killers, etc.).”

50. Without going through the middle:
“...or more intrusively as flirtations, affairs, compulsive and anonymous sexuality, use of prostitutes and pornography...

51. Compulsively Self-reliant or Isolated
A good fit with A6:
Compulsively Self-reliant or Isolated

52. Both Lucy and Harinam fit this description:
Associated patterns and modifiers.
A3 and A4 are often seen in the history of A5 speakers. Lack of resolution of loss (both dismissed and preoccupying or both) is also common as is lack of resolution of trauma (particularly of sexual abuse), which may take many different forms. Depression is also a frequent state for the A5 pattern.

53. Advantages of the ECR Quick Cheap Easy (Even the 3 dimensional model)
Gives a visual representation
Very useful as a way to introduce attachment concepts to the client
A convenient way to think about relationships and relationship difficulties

54. Disadvantages of the ECR
Can be wildly inaccurate especially if
Client is well defended
Couples in long term relationships
Client is deceptive
Measurement is superficial and subjective
Can vary greatly depending on circumstances
Online version cannot be saved for future reference (but mine can, tee hee)

55. Advantages of the AAI A superb tool
For assessment
For intervention
Has the potential to be highly nuanced with regard to
Trauma
Loss & Grief
Multiple relationships
Can be “mined” deeper and deeper

56. AAI Advantages (continued)
Valid and reliable (the more training, the more so)
Well researched and documented
Can be modified or expanded (or shortened) depending on circumstances
Is stable over time and circumstances
Provides a wealth of information
Intervenes at the deepest level of how information is processed
Fits well with other techniques, such as

57. Other techniques NLP CBT (REBT)
Gottman’s school of marriage and family
Grief work
Trauma work

58. Disadvantages of the AAI
Takes a lot of time
To learn
To administer
Takes a lot of money
But,

59. THE MOST EFFECTIVE USE OF TIME AND MONEY THAT I HAVE FOUND
IT’S WORTH IT!!!
Provides a framework for other therapeutic work
Despite being relatively time consuming and expensive it is
THE MOST EFFECTIVE USE OF TIME AND MONEY THAT I HAVE FOUND
BY FAR

60. Caveat: What you are about to see is
TOTALLY UNAUTHORIZED
NOT APPROVED OF AT ALL
(BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, IT HASN’T BEEN DISAPPROVED EITHER)
and, it’s easier to ask for forgiveness than permission

61. Show 3D DMM Model

62. Please Consider Joining
IASA International Association for the Study of Attachment
SASH Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health
IITAP International Institute for Trauma and Addiction Professionals

63. Thank you for attending
Charley Shults
12 Harley Street
London, England, U.K.
W1G 9PG