1. Which of the following is/are heterogeneous mixtures?
Gasoline
Tea
Italian salad dressing
White wine
Vinegar
Beach sand
Dirt

2. Which of the following is/are heterogeneous mixtures?
Italian salad dressing, Beach sand, Dirt
The rest are solutions.

3. Which of the following processes do not represent chemical changes?
Iron rusting
Distillation of a liquid
Reaction of sodium metal with water
Leaves changing color
Dissolving sugar in water
Filtration of a solid from a liquid

4. Which of the following processes do not represent chemical changes?
Distillation of a liquid, Dissolving sugar in water, Filtration of a solid from a liquid are physical changes.
Iron rusting, Reaction of sodium metal with water, Leaves changing color are chemical changes.

5. Which of the following do not represent physical properties?
Boiling point
Color
Reaction with oxygen
Conductivity of gold
Burning of gasoline

6. Which of the following do not represent physical properties?
Reaction with oxygen , Burning of gasoline are chemical properties
Boiling point, Color, Conductivity of gold are physical properties

7. Which of the following is/are compounds?
Distilled water
Iron
Milk
Air
Table salt
Aspirin tablets

8. Which of the following is/are compounds?
Distilled water, Table salt are compounds
Iron is an element
Milk, Air, Aspirin tablets are mixtures

9. How many g are there in 0.0134g?

10. How many g are there in 0.0134g?
1g = 106 g
0.0134g x (1x106 g/1g) = 13,400g
Or 1.34x104 g

11. Which metric prefix would replace the power of ten in 3.68x10-3m?

12. Which metric prefix would replace the power of ten in 3.68x10-3m?
10-3 is refers to milli, so the number would be 3.68millimeters.

13. Can a set of measurements be precise without being accurate
Can a set of measurements be precise without being accurate? Can the average of a set of measurements be accurate even if the individual measurements are imprecise?

14. Can a set of measurements be precise without being accurate
Can a set of measurements be precise without being accurate? Can the average of a set of measurements be accurate even if the individual measurements are imprecise?
Yes, data measurements may be close to one another (precise) but not be close to the accepted value. This type of error usually occurs from a miscalibrated instrument.
Yes, if the average of the imprecise measurements happens to be close to the accepted, published value. This is not an acceptable way of data collection however.

15. Use exponential notation to express each of the following measurements in terms of SI base units.
145pm

16. Use exponential notation to express each of the following measurements in terms of SI base units.
1.09ng x (1kg/1x1012ng) = 1.09x10-12kg
90.1ms x (1s/1x103ms) = 9.01x10-2s
145pm x (1m/1x1012pm) = 1.45x10-10m

17. Ray Bradbury chose “Fahrenheit 451” as the title of his novel about book burning in a future society. A firefighter told him that is the temperature at which paper ignites. What would his title have been had be been given the temperature in degrees Celsius?

18. Ray Bradbury chose “Fahrenheit 451” as the title of his novel about book burning in a future society. A firefighter told him that is the temperature at which paper ignites. What would his title have been had be been given the temperature in degrees Celsius?
oC = (5/9)(451oF – 32)
= 233oC

19. The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona was 50. 0oC
The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona was 50.0oC. Express this in oF?

20. The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona was 50. 0oC
The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona was 50.0oC. Express this in oF?
oF = (9/5) 50.0oC + 32
= 122oF

21. Determine the number of L in a box that measures 4cm x 8cm x 10cm.

22. Determine the number of L in a box that measures 4cm x 8cm x 10cm.
= 4cm x 8cm x 10cm = 320cm3 (raw data)
= 3x102cm3 based on round-off rules.
3x102mL x (1L/1,000mL) = .3L = 3x10-1L

23. Determine the number of significant digits in the following numbers:
2.3000x106
45.1
600
500.

24. Determine the number of significant digits in the following numbers:
2.3000x (5)
(3)
(9)
(4)
(1)
(3)

25. A bathroom-type scale is calibrated (marked off) in tenths of a kilogram from 1 to 200kg. Determine how many significant figures should be used to express the mass of anyone using the scale whose mass is between 10 and 99kg.

26. A bathroom-type scale is calibrated (marked off) in tenths of a kilogram from 1 to 200kg. Determine how many significant figures should be used to express the mass of anyone using the scale whose mass is between 10 and 99kg.
4 digits are allowed. If the scale is calibrated in tenths, then it is the 100ths place that is uncertain. Based on the allowed digit of uncertainty, this gives a total of four. For example 25.46kg

27. How many significant figures does the result of the following operation contain?

28. How many significant figures does the result of the following operation contain?
This is addition, and therefore depends on the least number of digits after the decimal point. Since 1.93 only has two, the “raw” result from the calculator ( ) is reported as

29. If a car has an EPA mileage rating of 30 miles per gallon, what is this rating in km/L?

30. If a car has an EPA mileage rating of 30 miles per gallon, what is this rating in km/L?
30mi/gal (1.609km/1mi)(1gal/4qt)(1.057qt/1L)
= 13km/L

31. An aluminum beverage can contains 12 fluid ounces
An aluminum beverage can contains 12 fluid ounces. Express this volume in microliters, given 1 fl. oz. = 29.6mL

32. An aluminum beverage can contains 12 fluid ounces
An aluminum beverage can contains 12 fluid ounces. Express this volume in microliters, given 1 fl. oz. = 29.6mL
12oz. (29.6mL/1oz.)(103L/1mL) = 3.6x105L

33. Magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) have densities of 1. 7g/cm3 and 7
Magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) have densities of 1.7g/cm3 and 7.9g/cm3 respectively. If a sample of iron has a mass of 826g, what is the mass of a block of magnesium that has the same volume as the block of iron?

34. Magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) have densities of 1. 7g/cm3 and 7
Magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) have densities of 1.7g/cm3 and 7.9g/cm3 respectively. If a sample of iron has a mass of 826g, what is the mass of a block of magnesium that has the same volume as the block of iron?
The mass of Mg needed is 826g * (1.7g/cm3 / 7.9g/cm3)
= = 1.8x102g

35. An irregularly shaped piece of metal with a mass of 125g is placed into a graduated cylinder that contains 25.00mL of water. This raises the water level to 56.00mL. What is the density of the metal?

36. An irregularly shaped piece of metal with a mass of 125g is placed into a graduated cylinder that contains 25.00mL of water. This raises the water level to 56.00mL. What is the density of the metal?
125g / (56.00mL – 25.00mL) = 4.03g/mL

37. A student performs a density experiment and achieves the following results:
2.33g/mL
2.32g/mL
2.31g/mL
The published value for the density of the object is 2.65g/mL. Comment on the accuracy and precision of the experiment.

38. A student performs a density experiment and achieves the following results:
2.33g/mL
2.32g/mL
2.31g/mL
The published value for the density of the object is 2.65g/mL. Comment on the accuracy and precision of the experiment.
The data results are reasonably precise, but not very accurate.

39. Perform the following conversions to the correct number of significant digits:
642g = _____kg 2.65m3 = _____cm3 68.4in = _____cm 94ft = _____m 1.2lb = _____g 248lb = _____kg 1.85gal = _____L

40. Perform the following conversions to the correct number of significant digits:
642g(1kg/1,000g) = .642kg 2.65m3(106cm3/1m3) = 2.65x106cm3 68.4in (2.54cm/1in) = 174cm 94ft(1m/3.281ft) = 29m 1.2lb(453.6g/1lb) = 5.4x102g 248lb(.4536kg/1lb) = 112kg 1.85gal(1L/.2643gal) = 7.00L

41. A fertilizer contains 21% nitrogen by mass
A fertilizer contains 21% nitrogen by mass. What mass of this fertilizer, in kilograms, is required for an application of 775g of nitrogen?

42. A fertilizer contains 21% nitrogen by mass
A fertilizer contains 21% nitrogen by mass. What mass of this fertilizer, in kilograms, is required for an application of 775g of nitrogen?
775g = .775kg
.775kg = .21x
x = 3.7kg of nitrogen (to the correct number of significant digits)

43. Calculate the mass of a block of iron (density = 7
Calculate the mass of a block of iron (density = 7.86g/cm3) with dimensions of 52.8cm x 6.74cm x 3.73cm.

44. Calculate the mass of a block of iron (density = 7
Calculate the mass of a block of iron (density = 7.86g/cm3) with dimensions of 52.8cm x 6.74cm x 3.73cm.
D = m/V m = DV
(7.86g/cm3)(52.8cm x 6.74cm x 3.73cm)
= 1.04x104g

45. Perform the following calculations; express each number and the answer in exponential form with the appropriate number of significant figures.
a b.
c. d.

46. Perform the following calculations; express each number and the answer in exponential form with the appropriate number of significant figures.
a. 99,600 = 1.0x b … = 1.0x100
c … = 4.46x10-1 d … = 5.77x10-1

47. You decide to establish a new temperature scale on which the melting point of mercury (-38.9oC) is 0oM and the boiling point of mercury (356.9oC) is 100oM. What would be the boiling point of water in degrees M? The temperature of absolute zero in degrees M?

48. You decide to establish a new temperature scale on which the melting point of mercury (-38.9oC) is 0oM and the boiling point of mercury (356.9oC) is 100oM. What would be the boiling point of water in degrees M? The temperature of absolute zero in degrees M?
The ratio of the two temperature scales are (356.9oC oC)/(100oM-0oM) 1oM=3.958oC
In addition, the zero point on the M scale = -38.9oC. Therefore, oC = 3.958oM -38.9
BP H2O = 100oC = 35.1oM
Ab. Zero = oC = -59.2oM

49. The volume of a red blood cell is about 9. 00x10-11cm3
The volume of a red blood cell is about 9.00x10-11cm3. Assuming that red blood cells are spherical, what is the diameter of a red blood cell in inches?

50. The volume of a red blood cell is about 9. 00x10-11cm3
The volume of a red blood cell is about 9.00x10-11cm3. Assuming that red blood cells are spherical, what is the diameter of a red blood cell in inches?
V = 4/3 r3 for a sphere
Diameter = 2r
r = (3V/4)1/3 = 2.78x10-4cm
Diameter = 2.78x10-4 x 2 = 5.56x10-4cm
5.56x10-4cm x (1in/2.54cm) = 2.19x10-4in