1. English Reformation
Tudor England

2. I. Tudor England a. Tudor line of Succession a. Henry VII (1485-1509)
b. Henry VIII ( )
c. Edward VI ( )
d. Mary I ( )
e. Elizabeth I ( )

3. b. Henry VII
-Brought peace to England after they were involved in wars
100 years war against the French
English Civil War known as the War of the Roses
(York’s v Lancaster’s)
York
Tudor
Lancaster
-Lower and middle class supported Henry VII
-Saved $ and gave it to son when he would become king

4. c. Arranged marriage -Henry VII’s oldest son, Arthur married Catherine
of Aragon (Ferdinand and Isabelle’s daughter).
-But Arthur died
-Henry VIII was now the next to take over and was
pressured by father’s executors to marry Catherine of
Aragon (his dead brother’s wife) They needed to cement
the Spain-England alliance & the contract was already
signed.
-Church law forbade this but Henry VII asked the Pope
and he granted it.

5. d. Henry VIII -Took over the monarchy when he was 18 years old
and married Catherine of Aragon whom was 5
years older then him.
-Henry VIII was a Renaissance Man: Well-rounded; played tennis, writer, student, hunter, dancer, music (lute), songs, astronomy—used to wake up his friend Sir Thomas More to watch the stars.
-Also big on religion, wrote an article attacking Martin Luther—
A defense of the Seven Sacraments.

6. e. Problem with the Marriage
Catherine and Henry were married for 10 years before problems arose
The alliance between Spain and England became less popular.
2. Henry wanted a male heir (successor)
At this time a women didn’t rule alone.
They did have six children but only one lived & that was Mary.
They were not even sure if she was going to survive.

7. g. Henry needs a way out: Divorce
f. Anne Boleyn
Henry was having an affair w/ Anne Boleyn (20 years old)
She wanted to be Queen.
If Henry had a son while not being married to, the mother then that would not count for a successor. Henry needed to get a divorce.
g. Henry needs a way out: Divorce
Henry was in his 30’s and Catherine was in her 40’s. Henry was haunted by a line in the Bible that stated; if you marry your dead brother’s wife you would die childless.
The Pope, Clement VII, delayed the decision (wanted to say no but was buying time).

8. h. Forcing the Pope’s decision
Pope did this because:
a. Martin Luther was a bigger concern.
b. Catherine of Aragon was the aunt of Charles V the HRE.
Pope delays the final decision and Henry grows impatient.
h. Forcing the Pope’s decision
Henry wanted the Pope to declare the marriage annulled and that would make Mary illegitimate
Laws passed allowing Henry to cut taxes owed to
Rome if Pope did not grant the divorce
2. Archbishop died & Henry named a new one (Thomas Cranmer) & he grants the divorce.
3. Fined the English Clergy unless they recognized
them as the head of the Church of England.

9. i. New Marriage
People opposed to this, because they liked Catherine. Henry married Anne in May of 1533 and she gives birth in September of 1533.
Problem---it was another girl, Elizabeth
People like Thomas More are killed for opposing marriage
Pope excommunicated Henry VIII

10. J. Revenge by Henry Passed laws: 1. Made his divorce legal
2. Closed monasteries and took church lands and sold them
3. Act of Supremacy—New Church of England (Anglican Church)
In order to get a government job you had to accept the marriage, which in turn accepted Henry as the head of the church
New Church of England was the same as the previous Catholic Church.
Except: Church service and Bible were now in
English.
The King was now the head of the Church
not the Pope.

11. k. Did Henry VIII ever get that boy?
1534, Act of Succession was passed and it stated that all children under Anne would be the next monarchs. This made Mary illegitimate.
Henry VIII Six Wives
1. Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon gave birth to six children. Only Mary lived. Later, Mary became known as Mary I.

12. 2. Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn gave birth to Elizabeth, later known as Elizabeth I. She was accused of adultery (not true) and beheaded.
Back

13. 3. Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour gave birth to Edward (very sickly), later known as Edward VI. Jane died in child birth.
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14. 4. Anne of Cleves Back Was supposed to create an alliance with Germany
Shown a portrait that was inaccurate
Divorced her right away because she was ugly
Given land & $ to leave the marriage
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15. 5. Katherine Howard
Katherine Howard was accused of cheating on Henry VIII and was put to beheaded. She had no children.
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16. 6. Katherine Paar
Katherine Paar was Henry's last wife. Katherine outlived Henry. She was more of a nurse than a wife. She was in love with Thomas Seymour.
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17. II. The Rest of the Tudors
a. Edward VI
Took over when he was around 9 years old. (16 Regency Rule, the top one being Jane Seymour’s brother, the Duke of Summerset (Edward Seymour)
Under his reign the Church of England becomes more Protestant (the Book of Common Prayer)
Economy falls
Dies 6 years later of TB, and he had no kids.

18. b. Mary I
People cheered when Mary came to the throne, she thought it was because she was Catholic ---but it was because she was a Tudor.
Devout Catholic and tries to change the Church back.
People did not want that.
She tortured and burned about 300 Protestants at the stake & earned the nickname of Bloody Mary.
Died of Cancer leaving her half-sister Elizabeth to take over the throne. During her reign, many people fled England
She wanted to repeal the Act of Supremacy and have church lands
returned. She was married to Philip II of Spain.

19. Bloody Mary

20. c. Elizabeth I (1533-1603) 1. Introduction
Most outstanding monarch in English history
45 year reign and was the last Tudor.
Renaissance supporter and was very self-confident
2. Problems when she takes over
25 years old when she takes over
War with France and conflict with Scotland
Religious divisions (in the eyes of the church she was illegitimate) and economy was bad.

21. d. Religion
-Stayed out of religious conflicts. During her 45 years, it let the Protestants establish a church. Did not persecute Catholics.
-Mary Queen of Scots was forced out of Scotland and went to England
She was Catholic and everyone knew that since Elizabeth did not have a child Mary Queen of Scots was the next in line.
People did not want to go back to being Catholic. Queen found out she was plotting to kill her and Elizabeth had her executed in 1587.

22. 4. Foreign Policy
-Ends the war with France and makes peace with Scotland
-Spanish problem
Catholic country v. Protestant country
Spanish Armada- Great Navy, set sail in 1588
Sailed in a V formation & met up with Sir Francis
Drake (2nd in command). English did not lose a ship.
England now #1 Navy in world and increased pride in
England. Philip II was the king of Spain.

23. 5. Culture 6. No Heir to the Throne
Literary development (more then music or paintings)
Shakespeare
Explorers>> Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh
6. No Heir to the Throne
Never married, no children
Lived until the age of 70 and on her death be named King James VI of Scotland as her successor (son of Mary Queen of Scots)

24. 7. Accomplishments Smooth over Catholic and Protestants and
kept the country united.
b. 45 year reign, Golden
Age of one of world’s
great nations
c. During Reign, England
emerged as world
power

25. III. Stuart England a. Stuart Family
1. James I ( ) also James VI of Scotland
2. Charles I ( ) beheaded
Interregnum ( ) period between Monarchs
3. Charles II ( )
4. James II ( ) Charles’s brother
Glorious or Bloodless Revolution cast off James II to France
5. William and Mary ( )
6. Anne ( )

26. b. People hate the Stuarts and it leads to a Civil War
1. James I
Religion: Puritans did not like him and they fled to America
Came out with the King James Bible
Believed in Divine Right
People could not trust him because he was a foreigner
At this time, Parliament only met if king called one James tried to rule without calling one. This led to
big money problems.
2. Charles I
Needed $, a document waiting in exchange for the money called the:
Petition of Rights- 1628
No taxation without consent of Parliament
No imprisonment w /out a trial
No quartering of troops

27. Signed the document to get the money but breaks it & started to tax & ignored other provisions.
Charles I then dissolved the Parliament and rules for 11 years with out calling one.
Led to a Civil War
At first, Charles troops (Cavilers) winning (more organized) but then Parliament (Roundheads) wins
Charles fled and was later caught (surrendered to the Scottish Army) and was executed by beheading.

28. C. Interregnum (1649-1660) period between Monarchs
The leader of England during this time was on of the leaders of the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell
The government was not called a monarchy but a Commonwealth
Cromwell was not called a king but the Lord Protector
He acted more like a dictator. They was more tradition with a Monarch & the people wanted to return.
Shortly after Cromwell’s death Parliament met in 1660 and instead of Cromwell’s son taking over they invited Charles I’s son, Charles II (the exiled Stuart) to be king.
Charles II takes over and he is very careful not to fall into the problems that the previous Stuarts had.

29. e. Glorious or Bloodless Revolution
d. James II, Charles’s brother takes over after his death
Apparently did not learn from his brother’s example and insisted that the King had power to overrule any law of Parliament.
He lost the support of many people & even his daughter Mary II.
e. Glorious or Bloodless Revolution
People now did not want a king who felt that he was above the law. Parliament invited William of Orange (husband of Mary II) to come with an army to protect England from their own king.
James II had fled and was making his way down the Thames River when caught.

30. f. New Monarchy
Mary II was next in line for the throne but she would only accept it if her husband, William of Orange, was made king. Parliament passed the Bill of Rights. It was a law that limited the royal power. The government would become a Constitutional Monarchy.
Bill of Rights:
Monarchs could not suspend laws passed by Parliament
Free election
Trial by jury
William and Mary, in order to be accepted, had to accept the Bill of Rights
Leads to the Parliaments having more power and the kings having less to the point where the monarchy will just be a symbol.

31. IV. Agricultural & Industrial Revolution
a. What was it?
The revolutions were new methods of farming and raising cattle.
There was new machinery to produce more food and fewer people
needed to get a particular job done.
The Agricultural Revolution freed workers to go to industry
(which opened the door to the Industrial Revolution).
b. Where did it begin?
England
c. Why England?
1. Natural Resources (iron, coal, wool, cotton)
2. A lot of labor (workers)
3. Stable government which supported change and a growing society
4. Unity of people
5. Strong market (had colonies)
6. Good transportation system (canals and roads)

32. d. It started in England, why not other countries?
France- Internal problems, still based on Agricultural
Did not have the same raw materials
Germany- were not united
Italy – Weren’t united
e. Impact of the Revolution on England
Increased the population 10mil-30mil
Urbanized
New Classes
f. Negative effects of the Revolution
Long hours (12-14 hr days)
Low pay
Dangerous working conditions
Child labor (illiteracy)
Exploitation of Women
Slums
Lighting bad, no health regulations

33. I hope you enjoyed the class!