1. Diocese of St. Petersburg Safe Environment Program
Creating A Safe Environment Training for Adults who wish to have the Care, Responsibility and or Supervision of Children & Youth
The Girls and Boys Town Center for Adolescent and Family Spirituality Program
Modified for the
Diocese of St. Petersburg
Safe Environment Program
Revised February 2013

2. SAFE ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM DIOCESAN TRAINING TEAM
Trainers:
___________________
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3. Who Must Receive SEP Training?
Anyone who may have the care, responsibility, and or supervision (CRS) of children, youth or vulnerable adults
Church Personnel
Employees
Clergy
Covered Volunteers (those with CRS)
Contractors/Vendors/Licensees
Separate mutually exclusive SEP training for:
Adults who wish unsupervised access to Children
Adults who wish unsupervised access to Vulnerable Adults
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4. Safe Environment Program (SEP) Training & Screening Requirements
Initial training must be face-to-face
Re-certification is required after 5 years from initial date of training
Can be done face-to-face or
Online
Background Screening (Electronic Fingerprinting) (Level 2 FDLE/FBI)
Must be performed by the Diocese of St. Petersburg
Other Screening Sources are not acceptable (Per US Atty. Gen.)*
SEP Training is good for 5 Years if there is no break in service
Re-screening is automatic every 5 years should service/employment exceed five (5) years or if there is a 2-year break in service
*Except from Qualified Entities of the VECHS system or Florida Dept of Education Authorities
– Contact the SEP Office for details ( , ext. 377) -
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5. Diocese of St. Petersburg Minimum Standards of Moral Conduct
After a Level 2 Background Check is completed, Church Personnel (clergy, employees, volunteers, contractors, vendors and licensees) must not have been found guilty of nor have committed any of the crimes on the MSMC listing
Anyone found guilty of or anyone who has committed a crime on the MSMC listing cannot volunteer in any position, be employed, or provide services as a contractor, vendor, or licensee to any diocesan entity (parish, school, etc.)
However, an appeal process is available using the Tribunal for Church Personnel who feel there are extenuating circumstances in their case. The appeal process is not available to contractors, vendors, or licensees
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6. Code of Conduct for Adults (Highlights – See Code of Conduct for Adults for complete details)
Professional Role
Adults recognize the dignity of each person and refrain from disrespectful behaviors or words…
Adults have a responsibility in all relationships to witness the chastity appropriate to their vocation in life, whether celibate, married, or single...
Adults amust be aware they have considerable personal power because of their position or ministry...
Adults maintain appropriate professional boundaries…
Professional Accountability
Touching should be age appropriate and based on the need of the
minor …
Adults always meet with young people in areas that are visible and accessible…
Driving alone with a young person should be avoided…
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7. Safe Environment Program Workshop Outline*
Safe Environment Program Workshop Outline
What is a Safe Environment?
How to create a Safe Environment
The Four Types of Child Abuse
Definition and Warning Signs of Child Sexual Abuse
The Behaviors and Tactics of a Child Molester
How to respond to an Abuse Disclosure
How to Create Barriers to Abuse in Church Programs
Diocesan and State Reporting Procedures
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8. The Safe Environment workshop will:*
The Safe Environment workshop will:
Teach practical ways to establish safe environments and relationships for all children and adults.
Provide information on identification of child abuse warning signs.
Provide information on behavioral cues of sexual abusers.
Provide information on appropriate response to an abuse disclosure or discovery.
Provide information on appropriate reporting procedures for suspected or actual abuse.
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9. The Creating A Safe Environment Workshop will not address:*
The Creating A Safe Environment Workshop will not address:
Theology surrounding homosexuality.
Individual home or school discipline issues.
Individual concerns about a particular child or adult.
Personal issues/conflicts with Church teaching and/or church personnel.
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10. Why focus on Establishing a Safe Environment for our Children?*
Why focus on Establishing a Safe Environment for our Children?
Mandated by:
Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People (USCCB, Secretariat for Child and Youth Protection)
Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops (Province of Florida)
Diocese of St. Petersburg Policy for the Protection of Children and Vulnerable Adults
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11. USCCB Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People (Articles 1-17)
TO PROMOTE Healing and Reconciliation with Victims/Survivors of Sexual Abuse of Minors
1. Pastoral Outreach to Victims
2. Safe Environment Policies & Procedures, Review Boards
3. Non-Confidentiality Agreements
TO GUARANTEE an Effective Response to Allegations of Sexual Abuse of Minors
4. Report Actual or Suspected Child Abuse to Law Enforcement
5. Permanent Removal from ministry of Clergy who commit child abuse
6. Standards of Ministerial Behavior (Priests and Deacons)
7. Inform affected Parish and other Church Communities
TO ENSURE the Accountability of Our Procedures
8. Secretariat of Child & Youth Protection made permanent USCCB standing committee
9. Secretariat established as a resource for US Church
10.Review Board established to assist and advise the Secretariat of Children and Young People
11.USCCB Conference President must inform the Holy See of all Charter Revisions and its continued commitment to protecting children and young people from sexual abuse.
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12. Policy for the Protection of Children and Young People Articles 1-17 (Continued)
TO PROTECT the Faithful in the Future 12. Maintain Safe Environment Programs 13. Evaluate the background of clergy and laity who have unsupervised contact with minors 14. Non-transfer of Clergy who have committed an act of sexual abuse of a minor to other parishes or dioceses in accordance with Norm 12 of the Essential Norms 15. Requirement of 2 representatives of the Conference of Major Superiors of Men (Religious orders to serve on the Secretariat of Children and Young People 16. Conduct Research on Child Abuse with other churches, religious bodies, institutions of learning, and other interested organizations conducting research in this area. 17. Strengthen programs for priestly formation, human formation for chastity and celibacy for seminarians and priests
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13. USCCB Charter Created 2 New Ministries
Safe Environment Coordinator (SEC)– Insures that dioceses, parishes and schools create and maintain safe environments through screening and training programs. (Diocesan Safe Environment Program Mgr. - André Glaudé)
Victim Assistance Coordinator (VAC)– Hears and helps people abused by Church Personnel, especially by members of the clergy, and encourages others to come forward if they too have been abused.
(Diocesan Victim Assistance Minister – Marti Zeitz, Catholic Charities)
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14. The Charter for Protection of Children and Youth, Article 12:*
The Charter for Protection of Children and Youth, Article 12:
“Diocese/eparchies will establish ‘safe environment’ programs. They will cooperate with parents, civil authorities, educators, and community organizations to provide education and training for children, youth, parents, educators, ministers, volunteers, and others about ways to make and maintain a safe environment for children. Diocese/eparchies will make clear to clergy and members of the community the standards of conduct for clergy and other persons in positions of trust with regard to sexual abuse.”
Source: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011.
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15. The Charter for Protection of Children and Youth, Article 13:
“Diocese/eparchies are to evaluate the background of all incardinated and non-incardinated priests and deacons who are engage in ecclesiastical ministry in the diocese/eparchy and of all diocesan/eparchial and parish/school or other paid personnel and volunteers whose duties include ongoing, unsupervised contact with minors. Specifically they are to utilize the resources of law enforcement and other community agencies. In addition , they are to employ adequate screening and evaluative techniques in deciding the fitness of candidates of ordination.”
Source: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011.
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16. Providing A Safe Environment enables us to:*
Providing A Safe Environment enables us to:
Foster, for all people, healthy, loving relationships in the image of God
Prevent unhealthy, negative, or harmful relationships and boundary violations, especially child abuse.
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17. *
A Safe Environment…
Enables children and adults to feel secure and protected in their surroundings so they can more freely receive a Catholic education and experience healthy relationships.
Is an environment where adults are aware of their considerable personal power because of their position or ministry
Is an environment where adults recognize the dignity of each person and refrain from disrespectful behaviors or words
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18. A Safe Environment protects every aspect of a person:*
A Safe Environment protects every aspect of a person:
Spiritual
Sexual
Emotional
Intellectual
Physical
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19. *
Boundaries in Relationships Adults must maintain appropriate professional boundaries
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20. PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP BOUNDARIES
Extremely Superficial Stranger
Superficial Acquaintance
Friend
Close Friend
Close Friend or Relative
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21. *
What are Boundaries?
External Boundaries protect your body and keep it safe and healthy.
Two kinds of external boundaries:
Physical—Protect your body.
Sexual—Protect your sexual body parts and your feelings about being male/female.
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22. *
What are Boundaries?
Internal boundaries protect your thoughts and emotions.
Two kinds of internal boundaries:
Emotional—Protect your feelings.
Spiritual—Protect the deepest part of who you are—your sense of hope, trust, mystery, sense of security, and spirituality.
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23. The purpose of a relationship determines its boundaries.*
The purpose of a relationship determines its boundaries.
Examples of relationships include:
Parent/Child
Brother/Sister
Husband/Wife
Friend/Friend
Adults must maintain appropriate professional boundaries
(Code of Conduct for Adults – Professional Role)
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24. We establish safe environments for all by:*
We establish safe environments for all by:
Cultivating role- and age-appropriate relationships.
Maintaining healthy personal
boundaries.
Creating policies and procedures that protect each person’s boundaries.
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25. *
Anyone charged with the care, responsibility, and or supervision of a child, youth, or vulnerable adult is acting “in loco parentis.” (defined by Webster’s Dictionary as, “in place of a parent”)
Examples of such relationships include:
Teacher/Student
Coach/Athlete
Youth Minister/Youth
Adult Volunteer/Youth or Child
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26. *
Seven responsibilities of those acting in the place of a parent include:
Ensure safety
Provide education
Provide guidance
Provide nurturing
Administer consequences
Provide security
Final decision making
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27. *
“Parents [and those adults acting in loco parentis] must regard their children as children of God and respect them as human persons. Showing themselves obedient to the will of the Father in heaven, they educate their children to fulfill God’s law.”
Source: Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition, 1997.
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28. (Code of Conduct Professional Role)*
“Being in the image of God
the human individual possesses
the dignity of a person,
who is not just something,
but someone.”
(Code of Conduct Professional Role)
Source: Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition, 1997.
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29. Practical Applications of Boundaries in Ministry Settings*
Practical Applications of Boundaries in Ministry Settings
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30. Caring for the Children of God*
Caring for the Children of God
Because all are made in the image and likeness of God, every person deserves respect and must treat others with respect.
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31. * Respect and Rights Both adults and youth have rights.
Knowing and safeguarding the rights that youth have when away from home/parents helps to protect everyone.
“Rights” are simply practical applications of healthy boundaries.
Rights are based on constitutional and case law.
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32. *
When away from home/parents, each young person and vulnerable adult has the right* to:
Respect of body and person
Privacy
Freedom of movement
Communicate with significant others
Interact with others
One’s own bed
One’s own possessions
Not to be given meaningless work
Nourishment
Access to the natural elements
Have basic clothing necessities
*1964 Civil Rights Act
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33. * Respect of Body and Person:
Youth/children have the right to expect that others will treat them with dignity. (Adult Code of Conduct)
Avoid sarcasm, labeling, name calling, humiliation, and yelling.
Never use profanity.
Never use corporal punishment.
Use restraint as a last option.
Only to prevent harm to self/others.
Best used by an outside agent such as police.
Most successful when the adult has training and physical superiority.
The least possible force should be employed.
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34. *
2. Privacy: Youth/children have the right to expect that others will respect and protect their sense of personal privacy and modesty.
Assure that privacy is available in each child’s space and for his or her belongings.
Do not conduct routine, secret searches of a child’s locker, purse, backpack, etc.
Do not open a child’s mail nor listen in on phone conversations without permission from the child.
Do not conduct routine, secret searches of a child’s room or
belongings.
Do not search a youngster’s person.
Dangerous items/contraband searches may take place when there is probable cause to search but the child and one other adult must be present
In cases of immediate health or safety needs, some privacy may be compromised.
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35. *
3. Freedom Of Movement:
Youth/children have the right to freedom of movement within reasonable guidelines.
Can limit movements to a given area and time (e.g., in school from 8:00 a.m. to 3:15 p.m.
Do not seclude youth/children (e.g., locked in a room or isolated from the group).
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36. *
4. Communicate with Significant Others: Youth/children have the right to communicate with significant others within reasonable limits.
Significant others include parents, guardians, a clergyman.
Exercise reasonable control over the form, frequency, and timing of communication (e.g., call before 10:00 PM).
Communication with significant others should not be used as a consequence or privilege (e.g., you did not apologize to an adult so you cannot call your mother).
Adults should provide methods for routine and emergency contact.
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37. *
5. Interact With Others: Youth/children have the right to interact with other children and adults within reasonable limits.
Adults must provide children with appropriate opportunities to interact with others, including the opposite sex.
Can limit with whom children can interact (e.g., children with known substance abuse or sexual development problems may be limited in their interactions with others).
May request other youth to leave the area when working with a particular youth.
Isolation should not be used as a consequence for problem behaviors (e.g., instructing other children not to talk to a child as a consequence for a problem behavior).
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38. *
6. One’s Own Bed:
Youth/children have the right to their own sleeping area.
Can have two or more children share a room provided that ample space and privacy are assured.
Can regulate a youngster’s access to his or her bedroom during non-sleeping hours, but should not be restricted during normal sleeping hours.
Adults and youth should not sleep in the same bed or same room (dormitory style excepted).
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39. * 7. One’s Own Possessions:
Youth/children have the right to their own possessions within reasonable limits.
Assure that each child has the necessary possessions for school or job and that he or she has similar possessions as peers (e.g., books, clothes, bedding, etc.)
Exercise reasonable control over the possessions a youngster brings to a class or event (e.g., no contraband).
Assure that no dangerous items (e.g., drugs, guns, knives) are possessed by any child.
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40. * 7. One’s Own Possessions, cont’d
Limit the use of personal possessions to reasonable
times or places (e.g., no cell phones during class).
Never confiscate a child’s possessions (other than dangerous ones) without having the child waive his/her right to the possession or without the intent to transfer physical custody of the possession to the child’s guardian.
If a child is restricted from appropriate use of a personal possession, he or she should be told how to earn it back.
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41. *
8. Not To Be Given Meaningless Work: Youth/children have the right to expect that assigned tasks/chores have meaning and value.
Adults can assign chores/tasks related to event.
Avoid tasks solely designed to punish (e.g., kneel and hold a broom above your head; or eat a ketchup sandwich for squirting it on someone).
If performing a personal task for adult/staff, always pay children according to prevailing child wage/hour laws.
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42. *
Nourishment:
Youth/children have the right to nutritionally adequate meals/snacks.
Adults must provide nutritionally adequate food/meals to each youth every day.
Should provide wide variety of nutritious foods,
including ethnic preferences.
Should provide three main meals (i.e., breakfast, lunch, or supper) and withholding a meal should never be used as a consequence or privilege.
Meals should never be made intentionally less adequate, less tasty, or less nutritious for any reason.
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43. *
9. Nourishment, cont’d
Avoid imposing personal food preferences on children (e.g., vegetarian or sugar free diets) or fad diets (e.g., eggs & grapefruit at each meal).
While snacks are a privilege, nutritious snacks, such as fruits & vegetables, should be made available, especially after school.
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44. *
10. Access to the Natural Elements: Youth/children have the right to go out-of-doors within reasonable limits.
Weather permitting, each child should have the opportunity for outside activities each day.
Can regulate the amount of time outside and the degree of supervision provided.
Neither the natural elements (fresh air, light, warmth) nor indoor light should be used as a consequence.
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45. *
11. Have Basic Clothing Necessities: Youth/children have the right to have the basic clothes they need.
A child’s personal preference in clothing should be strongly considered as long as the personal preference is not deviant, immodest, offensive, or in violation of a dress code.
Basic clothing needs should never be limited as a negative consequence (e.g., child wears no coat as a consequence for losing it).
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46. Child Abuse: Violations of Boundaries and Rights*
Child Abuse: Violations of Boundaries and Rights
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47. Four Kinds of Child Abuse:
Physical
Sexual
Emotional
Spiritual
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48. Physical Abuse * Shaking Face slapping Tickling Hair pulling
Use of implements, i.e., belts, hairbrushes, etc.
Intrusive procedures
Watching physical abuse done to a family member
Lack of appropriate physical nurturing
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49. Sexual Abuse * Can be physical: Can be emotional:
Penetration
Touching of genitals
Can be emotional:
Watching sexual behavior
Sexualized language
Intrusive questions
Can happen in private (covert)
Can happen in the presence of others (overt)
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50. *
Emotional Abuse
Put downs, screaming, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule, or listening to that happen to a family member.
Demanding perfection.
Over-controlling.
Neglect of dependency needs.
Abandonment.
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51. *
Spiritual Abuse
Spiritual abuse is caused by living with inhuman rules, no rules, or a skewed philosophy of living.
A lack of rules to follow leaves a child with no way to navigate life.
When physically, sexually, or emotionally abused, a child loses a healthy sense of God. Either the child makes the abusive adult their “higher power” or “god,” or the child blames God for the adult’s abusive behaviors.
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52. *
Child Sexual Abuse: Sins Against Chastity Adults have responsibility in all relationships to witness the chastity appropriate to their vocation in life
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53. Sexuality affects all aspects of the human person, body and soul.*
Sexuality affects all aspects of the human person, body and soul.
It especially concerns affectivity, the capacity to love and to procreate, and in a more general way the aptitude for forming bonds of communion with others. (CCC 2332)
The sexual act must take place exclusively within marriage.
(Code of Conduct – Professional Role)
Source: Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition, 1997.
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54. *
“Sexual Abuse of any kind harms the victim on many more levels than only physical. Forcing sexual intimacy of any type on a child or minor is an even greater evil, which often scars the victim for life.”
Source: United States Catholic Catechism for Adults, USCCB, page 407, 2006.
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55. *
Incest corrupts family relationships and marks a regression towards animality.
Connected to incest is any sexual abuse perpetrated by adults on children entrusted to their care.
The offense is compounded by the scandalous harm done to the physical and moral integrity of the young who will remain scarred by it all their lives; and the violation of responsibility for their upbringing.
Source: Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition, 1997.
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56. Sexual Abuse—Various Definitions*
Sexual Abuse—Various Definitions
Sexual misuse
“Exposure of a child within a given socio-cultural context to sexual stimulation inappropriate for its age and level of development.” - Brant & Tisza, 1976
Child sexual abuse
“Sexual exploitation of a child not developmentally capable of understanding or resisting the contact or who may be psychologically or socially dependent on the offender.” - Berliner, 1977
“Any inappropriate suggested or actual sexual exposing or touching between an adult and a child. The activity is inappropriate because the child does not understand the nature of the request and/or is coerced into the activity through deceit, threat or because the activity is offered under the guise of normal affection.” - Sandord, 1980
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57. Sexual Abuse– Various Definitions*
Sexual Abuse– Various Definitions
3. “Non-touching” sexual abuse
Child seeing, by adult intent, sexual activities such as sexual intercourse, masturbation, etc.
Child being seen or photographed by adult
4. Incest
“Sexual intercourse or interbreeding between closely-related individuals, especially when they are related or regarded as related … within degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law or custom.” - Webster’s 3rd international dictionary
“The involvement of a minor child in sexual activity by his/her parent, guardian or caretaker.” - Incest Manual: Confronting the silent crime,1979
5. Child exploitation
“Refers to the sexual exploitation of minors for the commercial profit of adults using children as prostitutes and/or subjects in pornographic materials.” – Baker and Schultz, 1980.
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58. Disparity between Child Abusers and their Victims:*
Disparity between Child Abusers and their Victims:
Child sexual abuse must be considered in the context of the great discrepancies between victims and offenders with regard to:
Power - Physical: strength and size (real or implicit) of offender vis-à-vis victim. Emotional: withdrawal of affection and approval from valued adult is “powerful” for child.
Resources - A child is dependent on adults for food, shelter, education, etc. These resources are controlled by adults.
Knowledge - Adults have knowledge of what constitutes sexual activity, a child does not. Children do not understand the meaning or significance of sexual activity
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59. Why do Child Molesters Abuse Children?
They suffer from a severe psychosexual and developmental impairment. They display deviant sexual behavior and are considered mentally ill.
(The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, 2000, American Psychiatric Association.)
What can Caring Adults do to help Protect Our Children?
Knowing what causes someone to have sexual desires for children empowers caring adults to recognize the behavioral characteristics of an child abuser.
Caring adults must be aware of the warning signs that should put us on notice that there is a risk of this person harming a child.
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60. What makes them act that way?*
What makes them act that way?
An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act and this is never considered as normal or socially acceptable behavior.
Pedophilia:
A. “Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors involving sexual activity with a pre-pubescent child or children (generally age 13 yrs. or younger).”
B. The person has acted on these urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty;
C. The person is at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than the
child or children listed in A. above.
(The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, 2000, American Psychiatric Association.)
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61. Child Molester, Sexual Predator or Pedophile?
Clarification of terms relating to sexual abuse of minors:
Pedophile/Child Molester – Fantasizes about sexual activity with a minor and or engages in sexual activity with a minor under the age of 13 years.
Sex Offender – A child molester who has been arrested and convicted of a single incidence of sexual activity with a minor
Sexual Predator – A child molester who has been arrested and convicted of sexual activity with a minor two or more times
Ephebophile - The term used for an individual with a primary sexual desire for children between the ages of 14 and 17 years of age. The victim is at least five years younger than the molester
A psychiatric evaluation of a child molester can indicate whether the most accurate diagnosis is pedophile, ephebophile, or some other category of deviant sexual behavior.
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62. FBI Sexual Predator Typologies
Situational Offenders
Regressed
Morally Indiscriminate
Sexually Indiscriminate
Inadequate
Preferential Offenders
Seductive
Fixated
Sadistic
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63. Four Types of Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children*
Four Types of Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children
Physical
Behavioral
Emotional and Relational
Spiritual
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64. Physical Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children*
Physical Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children
Torn, stained or bloody underwear
Pain, swelling or itching in the genital area
Pain in urination or defecation, or urinary or anal bleeding
Sphincter control problems
Pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease
Increase in physical complaints (headaches, stomachaches, abdominal pain)
Source: Caring for Sexually Abused Children—A Handbook for Families & Churches, Dr. R. Timothy Kearney (2001, Intervarsity Press)
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65. Behavioral Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse In Children*
Behavioral Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse In Children
Age-inappropriate sexual behavior
Use of names for genitalia that differ from those taught at home or used by family
Changes in school performance
Delinquency or running away
Sleep disturbances
Changes in eating patterns
Source: Caring for Sexually Abused Children—A Handbook for Families & Churches, Dr. R. Timothy Kearney (2001, Intervarsity Press)
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66. Emotional and Relational Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children*
Emotional and Relational Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children
Poor peer relationships
Fear of certain formerly comfortable people or places
Regression
Anxiety-related illnesses
Secretive talk in and about relationships
Poor self-concept
Depression
Signs of decompensation (a complete breakdown and loss of psychological balance)
Source: Caring for Sexually Abused Children—A Handbook for Families & Churches, Dr. R. Timothy Kearney (2001, Intervarsity Press)
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

67. Spiritual Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children*
Spiritual Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children
Anger at God
Refusal to pray for a specific person
“Flight into religion”
Belief that one is uniquely and specially sinful
Source: Caring for Sexually Abused Children—A Handbook for Families & Churches, Dr. R. Timothy Kearney (2001, Intervarsity Press)
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

68. Recognizing the Child Molester: Preventing Abuse*
Recognizing the Child Molester: Preventing Abuse
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

69. The Tactics and Behaviors of Child Molesters
Tactics they use:
Access (through jobs/volunteer opportunities)
Privacy (through isolation of the target and seclusion)
Control (through grooming process)
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

70. *
Emotional Grooming
When someone manipulates another’s emotions to skillfully gain control of that person.
Emotional grooming is used
to seduce, coerce, or “con”
others into sexual
activity.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

71. Key Elements of the Emotional Grooming Process*
Key Elements of the Emotional Grooming Process
False sense of trust—a groomer convinces the victim that she/he is the only person in the world to trust.
Secrecy—groomers persuade
their victims to keep “our little
secret” hidden from others.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

72. *
Language Cons
Words and phrases – or “lines” – that groomers use to trick and manipulate their targets.
Sometimes lines make a target feel special or desired; other times they make a target feel guilty or threatened.
Lines may seem genuine or sincere at first, but their real purpose is to control the target.
Language cons are used to convince targets to do things they shouldn’t do.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

73. The Nine Grooming Tactics*
The Nine Grooming Tactics
Flattery
Bribery
Status
Jealousy and Possessiveness
Insecurity
Accusations
Intimidation
Anger
Control
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

74. *
Flattery
Exaggerated and insincere comments said in order to get something in return.
Is often sexually suggestive or graphic.
Is not the same as a compliment.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

75. * Bribery “Giving to get.”
The groomer may give material things to his target, but these “gifts” always have a string attached.
The target may believe that some sort of sexual behavior is due to “pay back” the groomer for the gifts.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

76. *
Status
The groomer uses what s/he has (possessions) or who s/he is (image, popularity, or position) to lure a target into a sexual relationship.
The target may like hanging around with the popular crowd and be convinced that sexual activity is “owed” in return.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

77. * Other Forms of Status:
Groomer uses his/her age to lure a younger target.
Younger targets seek status by pursuing friendships with someone several years older.
Some people think sexual activity will give them status.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

78. Jealousy and Possessiveness*
Jealousy and Possessiveness
A normal yet difficult human emotion.
Only a grooming tactic when used to control or manipulate someone else.
Examples of manipulative jealousy:
Telling someone how to dress, who to talk to, where to go, etc.
Treating someone as an object to own rather than a person to relate to.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

79. * Insecurity A normal human emotion.
It’s a grooming tactic only when it’s used to manipulate someone else.
The groomer uses insecurity to manipulate:
May act insecure and ask for reassurance of the target’s love and loyalty.
May want pity and sympathy.
May threaten self-harm.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

80. If a person threatens self-harm:*
If a person threatens self-harm:
The groomer may take insecurity so far as to say “I’ll kill myself if you leave me!”
If you ever hear someone threatening suicide or to hurt you or someone else, you must tell an authority—a parent, teacher, counselor, or police officer.
Do not stay in a relationship with someone threatening to hurt himself or herself.
Threats of self-harm can turn into harm
acted out against others.
A threat of suicide can also be a threat of homicide—It says “I don’t have anything to lose.”
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

81. The other misuse of insecurity:*
The other misuse of insecurity:
When the groomer attempts to magnify the target’s insecurities or create new insecurities.
The groomer hopes the target will feel so bad that she/he will stay in a relationship with the groomer and become more reluctant to open up to others.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

82. *
Accusations
The groomer creates false or exaggerated accusations to frighten, threaten, and ultimately control the target.
Frequently made in public places to humiliate or intimidate others.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

83. Intimidation—a powerful form of manipulation*
Intimidation—a powerful form of manipulation
Has no place in healthy relationships.
The groomer intimidates by frightening, coercing, or threatening others into submission.
It can be verbal, nonverbal, or a combination of both.
It is always wrong and is always manipulative.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

84. Examples of verbal intimidation:*
Examples of verbal intimidation:
The groomer may:
Use vulgar sexual language in front of the target.
Make sexual noises or sounds.
Use specific, graphic sexual descriptions of what the groomer want to do to the target.
Ask questions that are too personal or sexual in nature.
?????
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

85. Intimidating Physical Actions*
Intimidating Physical Actions
Looming over someone who is seated.
Standing too close.
Touching/grabbing self or others.
Using loud and controlling voice tones and language.
Staring at sexual body parts.
Hitting the palm of the hand real hard.
Clothing that is too tight or too revealing.
Faking a punch.
Intimidating stances:
Slouching over, holding their hands on their crotches, howling, whistling making catcalls.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

86. Anger * Anger is a normal human emotion.
It is only a grooming tactic when used to manipulate others.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

87. * Control The ultimate goal of an
emotional groomer is to gain control of the target and of the relationship.
The groomer seeks to gain power or dominance in the relationship by using any or all of the grooming tactics.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

88. *
Compassionate Responses to Abuse Disclosure/Discovery: Safety and Privacy First
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

89. When someone discloses:*
When someone discloses:
Remain calm.
Assess immediate safety of child.
Report immediately and appropriately.
Share only with others who have a Right to know/need to know
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

90. Other suggestions for when someone discloses:*
Other suggestions for when someone discloses:
Believe the child/person.
Go to a place where you can talk without being overheard.
Listen without interrupting.
Reassure child that he/she is loved and cared for.
Respond with calm, matter-of-fact attitude, don’t pressure child to talk more.
If child expresses concerns for his own or his family’s safety, reassure him that all that can be done to keep him safe will be done.
Reassure the child he/she did the right thing by telling you.
Tell the child it is not his/her fault.
Instruct child to tell you right away if offender attempts molestation again or bothers him or her in any way.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

91. Who is required to report?
Chapter
Any person who knows, or has reasonable cause to suspect, that a child is abused, abandoned, or neglected by a parent, legal custodian, caregiver, or other person responsible for the child's welfare, as defined in this chapter, or that a child is in need of supervision and care and has no parent, legal custodian, or responsible adult relative immediately known and available to provide supervision and care shall report such knowledge or suspicion to the Department of Children and Families Abuse Hotline
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

92. Reasons Why People Do Not Report
I could be mistaken
I don’t want to create a problem
I don’t want anyone to know that I called the authorities
I don’t want to break up the family
Even if I’m suspicious, the explanation about how the child was injured is theoretically possible
If I make the report, the parents will be angry and the child will be in worse trouble.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

93. What are the Penalties for willfully not reporting Child Abuse?
(1)  A person who is required to report known or suspected child abuse, abandonment, or neglect and who knowingly and willfully fails to do so, or who knowingly and willfully prevents another person from doing so, is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable by up to a year in jail and a fine of $1,000
(2)  Unless the court finds that the person is a victim of domestic violence or that other mitigating circumstances exist, a person who is 18 years of age or older and lives in the same house or living unit as a child who is known or suspected to be a victim of child abuse, neglect of a child, or aggravated child abuse, and knowingly and willfully fails to report the child abuse commits a felony of the third degree, punishable by up to five years in jail and a fine of $5,000.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

94. * Reporting: Know and follow Florida state law
a. Everyone is a Mandatory Reporter
Know and follow diocesan procedures
a. Call the Police or
b. DCF Hotline (aka abuse hotline)
Report immediately
a. Actual child abuse
b. Suspected child abuse
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

95. *
After You Report Actual or Suspected Abuse, the Support System (Supervisor, Ministry Leader, DCF, Police, et. al. Will Determine:
With whom will the child be going home?
Who else knows about alleged abuse?
How will the child’s parent or guardian react to news of abuse?
What does the child think will happen now that he or she has told of abuse?
Who is available as a support person for the child?
Source: Caring for Sexually Abused Children—A Handbook for Families & Churches, Dr. R. Timothy Kearney (2001, Intervarsity Press)
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

96. Meeting needs of others involved:*
Meeting needs of others involved:
Other children who may have overheard disclosure. (Reassure them that their friend is being cared for)
Family and friends of abused child. (Don’t leave them isolated, offer help, and pray for them)
Adult to whom disclosure was made. (May need counseling or other types of assistance).
Other staff who are involved. (May have need for counseling as well)
Source: Caring for Sexually Abused Children—A Handbook for Families & Churches, Dr. R. Timothy Kearney (2001, Intervarsity Press)
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

97. Guidelines for Protection:*
Guidelines for Protection:
“Let the children come to me and do not prevent them; for the Kingdom of God belongs to such as these.”
Luke 18:16
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98. Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs*
Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs
Adult leaders must respect the privacy of youth members in situations such as changing clothes and taking showers, and intrude only to the extent that health and safety require.
Proper clothing for activities is required for both youth and adults.
Discipline should be constructive and reflect Christian values. Corporal punishment is never permitted.
When minor-aged youth and young adults act in leadership positions over younger children, adults (post high school and 18 yrs. of age) must be physically present and guide any leadership techniques used, and ensure that all policies are followed.
Source: Youth Protection Guidelines, from The Boy Scouts of America
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

99. Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs, Part 2*
Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs, Part 2
In youth programs and gatherings, there should always be a good ratio of adults to young people, usually 8 youth to 1 adult from middle school up and 1 to 5 in below middle school. More adults are necessary for overnight events or trips.
Adults never buy alcohol, drugs, cigarettes, inappropriate videos or reading material and give it to young people.
A “buddy system” of a young person with another young person is a good safety requirement.
It is never appropriate for an adult to share a bed with young people when on a trip, and sharing a bedroom, other than a dormitory-style room, should always be avoided.
Source: Restoring the Trust: A Response to Sexual Abuse, from the NFCYM
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

100. Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs, Part 3*
Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs, Part 3
If a young person is uncomfortable with a hug, then adults should not hug or ridicule that young person.
Youth ministers and all adults always meet with young people in areas that are visible and accessible.
It is always a safe practice to have two adults in the area where youth are present.
One-on-one meetings with a young person are best held in a public area, or if that is not appropriate, then the door is left open, and someone on the parish staff is notified about the meeting.
Source: Restoring the Trust: A Response to Sexual Abuse, from the NFCYM
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

101. Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs, Part 4*
Barriers to Abuse Within Church Programs, Part 4
Driving alone with a young person should be avoided.
(Code of Conduct for Adults)
Be proactive in identifying young people who may be vulnerable or at risk for unhealthy relationships. Youth ministers can have a very positive influence on young people by sharing the message of how important youth are in God’s eyes, and that they are created with dignity. This can reduce the possibility of them falling into the traps of those who tell them love is just “physical.”
Source: Restoring the Trust: A Response to Sexual Abuse, from the NFCYM
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

102. Parental Involvement: A Protective Factor*
Parental Involvement: A Protective Factor
Keep parents well-informed of events, activities, concerns, needs, etc.
Regularly invite and encourage parents to volunteer and/or chaperone events.
Solicit parental feedback on a regular basis.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

103. Suggestions for parents*
Suggestions for parents
Sexual assault of children is much more common than most of us realize. It may be preventable if children have good preparation. To provide protection and preparation as parents, we can:
Pay careful attention to who is around our children.
(Unwanted touch may come from someone we like and trust.)
Back up a child’s right to say “No.”
Encourage communication by taking seriously what our children say.
Take a second look at signals of potential danger.
Refuse to leave our children in the company of those we do not trust.
Include information about sexual assault when teaching about safety.
Provide specific definitions and examples of sexual assault.
NO ! !
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

104. More Suggestions for parents*
More Suggestions for parents
Remind children that even “nice” people sometimes do mean things.
Urge children to tell us about anybody who causes them to be uncomfortable.
Prepare children to deal with bribes and threats, as well as possible physical force.
Virtually eliminate secrets between us and our children.
Teach children how to say “No,” ask for help, and control who touches them and how.
Model self-protective and limit-setting behavior for our children.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

105. Cyberspace (Internet) Safety Facts (Adult Pornography)
Over 400 million pornographic web pages online
The Internet can now be accessed not only through desk tops but through:
Cell Phones, Smart Phones
Laptops, iPads, Tablets, Notebooks
iPods
Game Systems (X-Box, etc.)
Largest group of viewers are youth from ages 12-17
Reality
Kids with unrestricted access (no parental controls or filters) HAVE ALREADY BEEN EXPOSED!!!
Parents are Kl3wl3$$$ (Internet chat lingo for Clueless)
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

106. Help for Parents and Guardians (Adult Pornography Viewed by Children and Youth)
GROUND RULES CHECKLIST FOR PARENTS –
Computer Location (Common Area)
Bedroom Off Limits (Never in a bedroom)
Web Cams - Don’t use them (Teens use them to “show off”)
Ensure parental controls are in use (Laptops/Notebooks/Tablets/iPads)
Cell Phones Smart Phones, iPods, Game Systems – (Porn Merchants don’t just use the desktop computer Internet access anymore)
Set Ground Rules
If your child/youth under the age of 18 has knowingly been approached on the Internet to persuade, induce, entice, or coerce him/her to meet for sexual acts, or to attempt to arrange such a meeting, IT IS A FEDERAL CRIME. Call the Cyber Tipline at or file a report at
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107. Where to Get Help (Adult Pornography Viewed by Children and Youth)
WEBSITES:
(A Parents Guide to Internet Safety)
(Nat’l Ctr. For Missing & Exploited Children)
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS:
Kid Safe Cyberspace: A Parent’s Guide… (In your folder)
For a list of books, go to
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

108. What Is Child Pornography?
Under federal law (18 U.S.C. §2256), child pornography is defined as any visual depiction, including any photograph, film, video, picture, or computer or computer-generated image or picture, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, of sexually explicit conduct, where;
the production of the visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; or
the visual depiction is a digital image, computer image, or computer-generated image that is, or is indistinguishable from, that of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; or
the visual depiction has been created, adapted, or modified to appear that an identifiable minor is engaging in sexually explicit conduct.  
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

109. Congressionally Mandated Cyber Tipline Reporting Categories (www
Congressionally Mandated Cyber Tipline Reporting Categories ( or )
Possession, Manufacture, and Distribution of Child Pornography Child pornography is defined as a visual depiction of a minor under the age of 18 engaged in sexually explicit conduct.  It is a federal crime to possess, manufacture and/or distribute child pornography.
Online Enticement of Children for Sexual Acts It is a federal crime to use the Internet to knowingly persuade, induce, entice, or coerce a child under the age of 18 to meet for sexual acts, or to attempt to arrange such a meeting.
Child Prostitution It is a federal crime to knowingly recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide or obtain by any means a child under the age of 18 to engage in a commercial sex act.  It is also illegal to benefit, either financially or by receiving anything of value, from participation in a child prostitution venture.
Sex Tourism Involving Children It is a federal crime for a U.S. citizen to travel abroad intending to engage in sexual activity with a child younger than 18 that would be illegal if it occurred in the U.S. (18 U.S.C. 2423).  Individuals who commit these crimes are subject to prosecution in the U.S. even if the crime was committed on foreign soil.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

110. Congressionally Mandated CyberTipline Reporting Categories (Continued):
Extra-familial Child Sexual Molestation sexual molestation of a child by someone other than a family member.
Unsolicited Obscene Material Sent to a Child It is a federal crime to send obscene material to a child under the age of 16 if the sender knows that the recipient is under the age of 16. 
Adults concerned about adult obscenity not involving children on the Internet should make a report to
Misleading Domain Names It is a federal crime to knowingly use a misleading domain name on the Internet with the intent to deceive a minor into viewing material that is harmful to minors.
Misleading Words or Digital Images on the Internet It is a federal crime to knowingly embed words or digital images into the source code of a website with the intent to deceive a minor into viewing material that is harmful to minors.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

111. Child Pornography (Child Pornography Viewed by Adults)
CHILD PORN FACTS:
Views don’t look at the children’s faces
20% of Internet porn involves children
70% of porn offenders admit to being sex abusers
Viewers likely to pass photos to other viewers
Viewer Types
Adult Caucasian males
Sexually Indiscriminate (seekers of new stimuli)
Sexually Curious (downloading a few images)
Profiteers
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

112. Child Pornography (Fed/State Law) (Child Pornography Viewed by Adults)
It is a Federal/State Crime to:
Possess
Distribute
Receive (physically/electronically, or to Advertise Child Pornography)
Penalties:
Possession (Includes Receipt, which requires downloading)
1st Offense - Up to 10 years in jail
2nd Offense – From years in jail
Distribution/Ad –
1st offense – 5 to 20 years in jail plus fine
2nd offense or more years in jail
(Taken from Federal Statutes and Florida State Statutes)
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

113. SEXTING - What is it?
Sexting is the sending of sexually suggestive content over the Internet in the form of messages or images (photos/videos) using:
Computers, Laptops, iPads, Tablets, Notebooks
Cell phones, Smart Phones
Video Games Systems with Internet Access
iPods
Visit to learn more
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

114. SEX AND TEXT Who is sending or posting Sexual Content on the Internet?
Young Adults: 20-26
Teens: 13-19
Pictures and Videos
Girls 20%
Boys 39%
Text
Girls 22%
Boys 40%
Pictures and Videos
Women 36%
Men 31%
Text
Women 56%
Men 62%
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

115. SEX and TECH Who are they sending Sexual Content over the Internet to?
Girl/boyfriends
71% Teen Girls – 83% Young Adult Women
67% Teen Boys – 75% Young Adult Men
Someone they want to date or “hook up” with
21% Teen Girls – 21% Young Adult Women
39% Teen Boys – 30% Young Adult Men
Someone they only know online
15% Teen Girls & Boys
15% Young Adult Women and 23% Young Adult Men
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

116. ChatRoulette What Parents Need to Know
Anyone with a webcam and Internet connection can instantly video chat with any other visitor anywhere in the world.
No web cam? One can still use the site and view the other people using it.
How does it work? Go to the site's homepage, click a button to sync your webcam, and you are instantly connected randomly with other users.
If you don't want to chat with the person you are paired with, you just click Next and another person randomly appears. You can continue to click Next -- and so can the other user -- until you find someone you want to chat with.
The site requires no registration but there is a 16 years-of-age restriction. However, there is no verification. In news coverage about the site, some users appear to be masturbating men -- often with the webcam focused on their genitals.
The randomness of the site means that you just never know and can't control who you are going to interact with next. Besides the sex, there's also the danger of impressionable teens meeting total strangers -- and since there is no content filter on the site, you have no idea where the conversation could lead. Besides these risks there's also the ease with which rejection occurs.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

117. The “Three Rs” of Youth Protection*
The “Three Rs” of Youth Protection
Adults should teach youth how to:
Recognize situations that place him or her at risk of being molested, how child molesters operate, and that anyone could be a molester.
Resist unwanted and inappropriate attention. Resistance will stop most attempts at molestation.
Report attempted or actual molestation to a parent or other trusted adult. This prevents further abuse and helps protect other children. Let the child know that he or she will not be blamed for what occurred.
Source: Youth Protection Guidelines, from The Boy Scouts of America
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118. Child & Vulnerable Adult Abuse Hotline Directory Call the appropriate numbers to report child or vulnerable adult abuse
POLICE …………………………………………………………… 911
FLORIDA ABUSE REGISTRY HOTLINE ………………….. (800)
DIOCESAN VICTIM ASSISTANCE MINISTER
HOTLINE …………………………………………..………(866)
GIRLS AND BOYS TOWN ABUSE HOTLINE ………… (800)
CHILDHELP USA NATIONAL ABUSE HOTLINE…… (800)
FLORIDA ELDER HELPLINE …………………………………(800)
Pinellas/Pasco County…………………………………… (800) /(727)
Hillsborough County……………………………………...(800) or
FLORIDA COUNCIL AGAINST SEXUAL VIOLENCE……. (888)
SAFE ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MANAGER
André Glaudé…………………………………… (727) , Ext. 377
People who report alleged child abuse or neglect in good faith cannot be held liable for damages under criminal or civil law. In addition, their names are not given to the person they name as the abuser or to anyone else unless ordered by a hearing officer or judge. Members of the general public may make reports without giving their names.
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119. Progress in Keeping our Children Safe from Sexual Abuse – 10 Years Later (2002-2012)
$20,954,405 - Money expended on training and screening
Number of Church Personnel screened and trained
58,843 – Priests, Deacons, ad Seminarians
239,090 – Employees, Contractors and Vendors
162,026 – Educators
1,686,713 – Volunteers
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

120. Child Abuse Knowledge Test
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

121. dosp.sofn.net Go online to the Internet at:
How do I obtain a Level 2 FDLE/FBI background check through the diocese?
Go online to the Internet at:
dosp.sofn.net
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13

122. The End
Thank you for the service that you provide to the Church.
May God bless you all and thank you for helping to keep our children safe.
Girls & Boys Town Center for Adolescent & Family Spirituality DOSP Rev 2/13