1. Constructive and Destructive Forces
CW:
Warm Up
Constructive and Destructive Forces Notes
HW:
1) None
Warm Up:
Why should we worry about Yellowstone? Justify your Answer.

2. What's the earth made of?
Pangaea
Plate tectonics
Layers of the earth

3. What's the earth made of? Pangaea is Pangea - Super Continent –
What is causing the super continent to break apart?

4. What's the earth made of? Plate tectonics are plate tectonics
What is causing the continent to break apart?
Where is the force coming from?
Is this force constructive or destructive or both?

5. What's the earth made of? Layers of the earth
layers of the earth rap ( unofficial music video) – YouTube
Layers of the Earth
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust

6. How does the force within the earth affect the outside of the earth?

7. Hot Spots
Hotspots were thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle convecting up from the mantle-core.
Hotspot can burn through all of the layers of the crust and cool to form an intrusion, or stop before it makes it all of the way to the surface.

8. Faulting
A fracture in the continuity of a rock formation caused by a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust, in which adjacent surfaces are displaced relative to one another and parallel to the plane of fracture.
Faults cause Earthquakes.

9. Faulting

10. Faulting

11. Folding
A fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat sedimentary layers are bent or curved as a result of a permanent deformation.
Folds in rocks vary in size from microscopic crinkles to mountain-sized folds.
Folds form under varied conditions of stress, hydrostatic pressure, pore pressure, and temperature gradient.

12. Folding

13. Folding

14. Exit Ticket
What did you learn today?

15. Convection Current Demos
CW:
Warm Up
Convection Current Demos
HW:
1) None
Warm Up:
What are some ways the crusts layers can change or be altered?

16. Are all the layers of Earth solid
Are all the layers of Earth solid? Justify your answer with details from your notes and textbook.

17. Convection Current POE
Predict
Lava Lamp
Convection Bottles
Observe
Before
After
Explain

18. Explain what is happening in this video:

19. Questions: Connect the P.O.E. and video to the core and mantle.
Why does the lava lamp and the convection bottles do what it does?
How do you think the hot core affects the mantle?
What about the two parts of the core?
How does the POE relate to what happens in the earth?
Finish Lab Write up From yesterday. (Surface Area Lab)

20. On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.

21. Constructive and Destructive Forces
CW:
Warm Up
Constructive and Destructive Forces Notes
HW:
1) None
Warm Up:
Does the Earth look the same now as it did when it first came into existence? Justify your answer.

22. What does constructive forces mean?
What does destructive forces mean?

23. True or False: The Earth’s surface has stayed the same for thousands of years

24. The Earth’s surface is always changing!
True or False: The Earth’s surface has stayed the same for thousands of years
False
The Earth’s surface is always changing!

29. Weathering and Erosion
Wind
Water
Ice
Gravity

30. What do weathering and erosion mean?
On the next slide you are going to see two words. The animations of these words explain what they mean.
As you watch this animation, write down what you think Weathering and Erosion might mean based on what you see.

31. Weathering
& Erosion

32. Weathering
The breaking down of materials in the Earth’s crust into smaller pieces.
Weathering causes
soil formation

33. Water causes weathering
What evidence of weathering do you see in this picture?

34. Wind causes weathering
Why wasn’t this mass of land weathered away?
What evidence of weathering do you see in this picture?

35. Describe how ice causes weathering?

36. Plants CAN CAUSE weathering

37. There are 4 factors that effect the rate of weathering:
1. Surface Area (exposure) - Exposing more surface area will increase the rate of weathering.
2. Particle Size – Larger particles weather slower and smaller particles weather at a faster rate.
3. Chemical Composition (what a rock is made of) – Certain rocks and minerals are naturally weaker than others, while others are more resistant (stronger).
4. Climate – Warmer, moister climates have the most weathering. Heat & Water speed up all chemical reactions. This is the most important factor in weathering.

38. 1. Chemical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces by chemical action. The rocks breaks down at the same time as it changes chemical composition. The end result is different from the original rock. There are 3 types of chemical weathering:
1. Oxidation – oxygen combines with the elements in the rock and it reacts. This the scientific name for rust.
2. Hydration – water can dissolve away many earth materials, including certain rocks.
3. Carbonation – carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. This makes acid rain which chemically weathers (dissolves) rocks. Other acids also combine with water to make acid rain.
Mrs. Degl

39. There are two primary types of weathering: Chemical and Physical
2. Physical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces without a change in chemical composition.
Root/Plant Wedging/Action
Ice/Frost Wedging/Action
Exfoliation and Abrasion are also types of physical weathering.
Mrs. Degl

40. What evidence of erosion do you see in this picture?
The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.
What evidence of erosion do you see in this picture?

41. Erosion is Movement of Sediment!
This process, known as Erosion, is gradually wearing down the surface of the earth.
Erosion is the process by which weathered rock and soil (sediment) are moved  from one place to another.
Erosion carves the Earth's surface creating canyons, gorges, and even beaches.
What do you think has caused this rock to look this way?

42. The intensity of wind erosion is determined by:
As the wind blows it picks up small particles of sand/sediment and blasts large rocks with the abrasive particles, cutting and shaping the rock.
The intensity of wind erosion is determined by:
Sum (amount)
Speed
Slope
Surface

43. Wind Erosion Creates sand dunes Greatest impact in deserts Removes
fertile topsoil

44. runoff, rivers and, streams
Water Causes Erosion
runoff, rivers and, streams
Creates MOST of the changes
in the Earth's landscape!

45. Water causes Erosion
When rain falls to the Earth it can evaporate, sink into the ground, or flow over the land as Runoff.
When it flows over land, erosion occurs.
Runoff picks up pieces of rock and "runs" downhill cutting tiny grooves (called rills) into the land.
Rivers and streams are a
constant flow of runoff-
they constantly weather and erode!

46. Water causes Erosion
How much erosion takes place is determined by the:
Sum (amount)
Slope
Speed
Surface
Can you act increasing and decreasing the four S’s?

47. Ice Causes Erosion
Glaciers wear down the landscape; by picking up and carrying debris that moves across the land along with the ice.

48. Ice Causes Erosion
Glaciers can pick up and carry sediment that ranges in size from sand grains to boulders bigger than houses.
Moving like a conveyor belt and a bulldozer, a single glacier can move millions of tons of material!

49. Ice Causes Erosion How much erosion takes place is determined by the:
**Sum (Glaciers are massive!)
Slope
Speed
Surface

50. Gravity causes erosion
Creep, Slump, Landslides, Mudslides, and Avalanches.
Slower
Faster
These are examples of mass movement
(or called mass wasting)
landslide clip.mpeg

51. Gravity causes Erosion
How much erosion takes place is determined by the:
Sum
**Slope
Speed
**Surface

52. Plants CAN PREVENT erosion

53. Together, Erosion and Deposition build new landforms.
Rock particles that are picked up and transported during erosion will ultimately be deposited somewhere else
Deposition is the process by which sediments (small particles of rock) are laid down in new locations.
Together, Erosion and Deposition build new landforms.
Deltas
Canyons
Meanders
Floodplains

54. On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.

55. Warm Up: What are the forces that cause the Earth to change?
Rate of Weathering Lab
CW:
Warm Up
Rate of Weathering Lab
HW:
1) None
Warm Up:
What are the forces that cause the Earth to change?

56. On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.

57. Constructive vs Destructive Foces Project
CW:
Warm Up
Constructive vs Destructive Foces Project
HW:
1) None
Warm Up:
What do you think soil and sand are made up of?

58. On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary of what you learned today.