1. REVIEW QUESTIONS

2. List the Earth’s layers starting from the inside and going outward
Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

3. What type of model is our model of the Interior of the Earth
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
models developed in the mind
The interior of the Earth…we CANNOT DIRECTLY OBSERVE IT

4. Seismic Waves (Earthquake Waves)
What did scientists study in order to gather evidence to build a model of the interior of the Earth?
Seismic Waves (Earthquake Waves)

5. What process in the mantle drives the movement of the Earth’s crust?
CONVECTION

6. Define the theory of plate tectonics.
The Earth’s crust is broken into plates that move & interact with each other.

7. When two continental plates collide what happens? Explain.
continent – continent Convergence
Continents collide and fold up (crunch) to form mountains

8. Ocean – continent Convergence
When an ocean plate converges with a continental plate what happens to the ocean plate?
Ocean – continent Convergence
Ocean plate is subducted below continent.
Subduction: The movement when one plate (oceanic crust) dives below another plate

9. A volcanic mountain chain forms on land
What features form on the Earth’s surface when an ocean plate converges with a continental plate?
A volcanic mountain chain forms on land

10. They are mostly formed along plate boundaries
How are earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains related in terms of location?
They are mostly formed along plate boundaries

11. Where in the continental United States would you expect earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to occur? Why?
West coast of the USA
Transform Plate Boundary:
California
SAN ANDREAS FAULT
Convergent Plate Boundary:
Oregon & Washington
CASCADE MOUNTAINS

12. List and explain 2 pieces of evidence that we examined to support the theory of continental drift.
Fossil evidence
Modern mammals on continents
Continents look like “puzzle pieces”
Glacial grooves
Suture Zones
GPS

13. List 2 sudden geologic events (natural hazards) related to the direct movement of the geosphere.
VOLCANO

14. Describe how a sudden geologic event can be destructive/hazardous to people.
Earthquake Hazards
Volcano Hazards
Buildings and bridges collapse
Roads crack
Fires blaze due to ruptured gas lines
Landslides occur because shaking cause rock to slide downhill
Liquefaction
Dams fail and cause flooding
Lava streams burn all in their path
Aircrafts endangered from ash in the atmosphere
Roofs collapse, cities and surrounding landscape covered from ash fall & flow
Volcanic pollution

15. Describe how a sudden geologic event can be beneficial to people?
Rebuilds/uplifts the land
Volcanic eruptions produce fertile new soil for agriculture

16. What forces uplift the Earth’s surface?
Plate Tectonics Create volcanoes and mountains

17. What forces wear down the Earth’s surface?
Weathering & Erosion

18. What are all rocks are made of?
MINERALS

19. ROCK CYCLE (L) (B) (C) (H) (D) (K) (A) (E) (F) (I) (N) (J) (G) (M)
melting
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(I)
(J)
(K)
(L)
(M)
(N)
ROCK CYCLE

20. Name the 3 groups of rocks
Igneous
Forms from cooled magma or lava
Sedimentary
made of sediments that compacted over
time
Metamorphic
Forms due to heat & pressure

21. Name and describe the 5 processes of the rock cycle
Cooling of magma or lava forms igneous rock
Weathering of a rock forms sediments
Lithification of sediments forms sedimentary rock
Heat & pressure on a rock creates metamorphic rock
Melting of a rock forms magma

22. Exposure to rain in NJ caused chemical weathering
  Why would a 1000 year old statue that was moved from a desert to a park in NJ begin to crumble? Explain.
Exposure to rain in NJ caused chemical weathering

23. Define chemical weathering
Changes the chemical structure of the rock
Water can:
Dissolve minerals
Cause rust to form

24. Define physical weathering.
Breaks rock apart without changing the mineral make-up

25. List 3 examples of physical weathering.
Ice wedging
water seeps into cracks-freezes-expands-thaws
Plant roots
grows in cracks
breaks rock apart
Rock Abrasion
rocks rub or collide due to wind or moving water

26. What changed the land surface in diagram?
Weathering and erosion over a long period of time will cause mountains to wear down to hills
Describe forces that act to wear down the earth’s surface over time.
Water
Wind
Ice