1. Earth Boot Camp
3.7B:
Investigate rapid changes in Earth’s surface such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landslides.

2. Release Questions 2006—#21 (65%)
1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land? A By adding heat to Earth’s surface B By adding gases to the atmosphere C By adding lava to Earth’s surface D By adding water vapor to the atmosphere

3. Release Questions 2006—#21 (65%)
1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land? A By adding heat to Earth’s surface B By adding gases to the atmosphere C By adding lava to Earth’s surface D By adding water vapor to the atmosphere

4. 2006—#30 (75%)
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier? F The average height of plants on the mountainside G The shape of clouds that form above the glacier H The average mass of trees near the lake J The shape of the valley between the mountains

5. 2006—#30 (75%)
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier? F The average height of plants on the mountainside G The shape of clouds that form above the glacier H The average mass of trees near the lake J The shape of the valley between the mountains

6. 2009—#31 (86%)
3. Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above? A Island B Glacier C River D Volcano

7. 2009—#31 (86%)
3. Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above? A Island B Glacier C River D Volcano

8. 4. An earthquake is – A. crust through which lava escapes B
4. An earthquake is – A crust through which lava escapes B a sudden movement in the Earth’s crust C a kind of chemical weathering that changes the Earth D a huge wave that washes over the Earth

9. 4. An earthquake is – A. crust through which lava escapes (volcano) B
4. An earthquake is – A crust through which lava escapes (volcano) B a sudden movement in the Earth’s crust C a kind of chemical weathering that changes the Earth D a huge wave that washes over the Earth (tsunami)

10. 5. The picture to the right illustrates a cross-section of the layers of rock found underneath the topsoil of the earth. Which of the following MOST LIKELY caused Layer C to slant? A A volcano B An earthquake C A flood D Subsidence A B C D

11. 5. The picture to the right illustrates a cross-section of the layers of rock found underneath the topsoil of the earth. Which of the following MOST LIKELY caused Layer C to slant? A A volcano B An earthquake C A flood D Subsidence A B C D

12. 6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers. A
6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? A Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers. B Melting glaciers supply water for many people. C Glacial movements can leave behind valleys. D Glaciers pick up boulders and sediment as they move.

13. 6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers. A
6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? A Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers. B Melting glaciers supply water for many people. C Glacial movements can leave behind valleys. D Glaciers pick up boulders and sediment as they move.

14. 7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and ice in motion. A
7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and ice in motion? A Earthquake B Glacier C Landslide D Outwash

15. 7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and ice in motion. A
7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and ice in motion? A Earthquake B Glacier C Landslide D Outwash

16. 8. The Earth’s surface is not one solid piece of rock and soil, but is made up of large pieces called plates. These plates fit together like pieces of a puzzle and are constantly moving. Why can’t we feel the movement of these Earth plates? A The plates move very quickly. B The plates move very slowly. C The plates are too small to feel. D The plates are under the ground.

17. 8. The Earth’s surface is not one solid piece of rock and soil, but is made up of large pieces called plates. These plates fit together like pieces of a puzzle and are constantly moving. Why can’t we feel the movement of these Earth plates? A The plates move very quickly. B The plates move very slowly. C The plates are too small to feel. D The plates are under the ground.

18. 9. Earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface in all of these ways EXCEPT— A creating new mountains B depositing sand in deltas C forming large cracks in rock D by causing the Earth to shake

19. 9. Earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface in all of these ways EXCEPT— A creating new mountains B depositing sand in deltas C forming large cracks in rock D by causing the Earth to shake

20. 10. The most common cause of earthquakes is – A
10.The most common cause of earthquakes is – A a giant tidal wave called a tsunami B the sinking of large mountains C a movement in the Earth’s crust D large hurricanes striking land

21. 10. The most common cause of earthquakes is – A
10.The most common cause of earthquakes is – A a giant tidal wave called a tsunami B the sinking of large mountains C a movement in the Earth’s crust D large hurricanes striking land

22. 11. The grinding action of glaciers causes— A
11. The grinding action of glaciers causes— A the creation of new landforms B the level of water in oceans to rise C volcanoes to pop up in cold places D lakes to fill with icy cold water

23. 11. The grinding action of glaciers causes— A
11. The grinding action of glaciers causes— A the creation of new landforms B the level of water in oceans to rise C volcanoes to pop up in cold places D lakes to fill with icy cold water

24. 12. Some scientists have compared the action of glaciers on the Earth’s surface to using a nail file on fingernails. How is a glacier like a nail file? A They are both made of metal. B They both collect sand and soil. C They both scratch and grind other materials. D They both press down on various surfaces.

25. 12. Some scientists have compared the action of glaciers on the Earth’s surface to using a nail file on fingernails. How is a glacier like a nail file? A They are both made of metal. B They both collect sand and soil. C They both scratch and grind other materials. D They both press down on various surfaces.

26. 13. What is one way that a glacier can change the Earth’s surface. A
13. What is one way that a glacier can change the Earth’s surface? A Glaciers help create new landforms. B Glaciers cause water to freeze into new landforms. C The movement of glaciers causes volcanoes to erupt. D Glaciers melt and cause ocean tides to become higher.

27. 13. What is one way that a glacier can change the Earth’s surface. A
13. What is one way that a glacier can change the Earth’s surface? A Glaciers help create new landforms. B Glaciers cause water to freeze into new landforms. C The movement of glaciers causes volcanoes to erupt. D Glaciers melt and cause ocean tides to become higher.

28. 14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier similar. A
14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier similar? A They are both renewable natural resources. B They both change the surface of the Earth. C They both move very quickly. D They both move very slowly.

29. 14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier similar. A
14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier similar? A They are both renewable natural resources. B They both change the surface of the Earth. C They both move very quickly. D They both move very slowly.

30. 15. Glaciers form high in mountain valleys and in Polar regions where the snow falls but never melts. How do glaciers change the Earth’s surface? A By melting and then flooding the valleys and Poles B By grinding against valley walls to make them deeper and wider C By causing earthquakes and the formation of volcanoes D Pieces of ice break off and form icebergs in the ocean waters

31. 15. Glaciers form high in mountain valleys and in Polar regions where the snow falls but never melts. How do glaciers change the Earth’s surface? A By melting and then flooding the valleys and Poles B By grinding against valley walls to make them deeper and wider C By causing earthquakes and the formation of volcanoes D Pieces of ice break off and form icebergs in the ocean waters

32. 16. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below? A A glacier creating a valley B Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountains D Wind carving formations in rock

33. 16. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below? A A glacier creating a valley B Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountains D Wind carving formations in rock

34. 17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers. A
17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? A Most of the water on Earth is found in glaciers. B Glaciers form in very cold areas. C Glacial movements can create valleys. D Glaciers pick up and deposit sediments as they move.

35. 17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers. A
17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? A Most of the water on Earth is found in glaciers. B Glaciers form in very cold areas. C Glacial movements can create valleys. D Glaciers pick up and deposit sediments as they move.

36. 18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains
18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains. The layers are made of sedimentary rock. Before the mountains were formed, the sedimentary rocks were in flat layers. Use the picture below to answer question          How were the mountains pictured above formed? A The rock layers were compressed (squeezed) together. B The rock layers were pulled apart by an earthquake. C The rock layers were pushed up by a volcano. D The rock layers went in opposite direction.

37. 18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains
18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains. The layers are made of sedimentary rock. Before the mountains were formed, the sedimentary rocks were in flat layers. Use the picture below to answer question          How were the mountains pictured above formed? A The rock layers were compressed (squeezed) together. B The rock layers were pulled apart by an earthquake. C The rock layers were pushed up by a volcano. D The rock layers went in opposite direction.

38. 19. Mountains occur mostly where— A. there is a lot of water erosion B
19. Mountains occur mostly where— A there is a lot of water erosion B glaciers move boulders into piles C sinkholes cause surrounding land to collapse D layers of rock collide causing land to fold or rise

39. 19. Mountains occur mostly where— A. there is a lot of water erosion B
19. Mountains occur mostly where— A there is a lot of water erosion B glaciers move boulders into piles C sinkholes cause surrounding land to collapse D layers of rock collide causing land to fold or rise

40. 20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below
20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about three feet per day down mountain valleys. How does a glacier help create new soil? A By carrying living plant material to the ocean B By scraping small particles off large rocks C By melting rocks along its path down the valley D By freezing small particles of soil to form large rocks

41. 20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below
20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about three feet per day down mountain valleys. How does a glacier help create new soil? A By carrying living plant material to the ocean B By scraping small particles off large rocks C By melting rocks along its path down the valley D By freezing small particles of soil to form large rocks

42. 21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event
21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event. Which natural event MOST LIKELY caused the crack in the road? A Wind B An earthquake C Lava flowing from a volcano D An avalanche down a mountain

43. 21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event
21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event. Which natural event MOST LIKELY caused the crack in the road? A Wind B An earthquake C Lava flowing from a volcano D An avalanche down a mountain

44. 22. The shale layers in the drawing were broken and separated by movement along the fault. What also MOST LIKELY occurred as these rock layers moved along the fault? A Formation of deep caves B Erosion of lower layers C Volcanic eruption D Earthquake

45. 22. The shale layers in the drawing were broken and separated by movement along the fault. What also MOST LIKELY occurred as these rock layers moved along the fault? A Formation of deep caves B Erosion of lower layers C Volcanic eruption D Earthquake

46. 23. The plates in the Earth’s surface sometimes slip against each other causing the land to shake over a large area. This shaking can change the land and cause damage to buildings and other structures. This type of movement of the Earth’s plates also causes— A an earthquake B a volcanic eruption C erosion D a landslide

47. 23. The plates in the Earth’s surface sometimes slip against each other causing the land to shake over a large area. This shaking can change the land and cause damage to buildings and other structures. This type of movement of the Earth’s plates also causes— A an earthquake B a volcanic eruption C erosion D a landslide

48. 24. Which of the following would probably change the surface of the Earth in the shortest amount of time? A A massive hurricane B A volcanic eruption C Waves on a beach D A large tornado

49. 24. Which of the following would probably change the surface of the Earth in the shortest amount of time? A A massive hurricane B A volcanic eruption C Waves on a beach D A large tornado

50. 25. Sometimes heat and pressure build up in the Earth’s mantle, pushing hot magma up through a crack or a vent in the surface of the land. The rising magma can explode through the crack and create a/an— A Volcano B Earthquake C Glacier D Valley  

51. 25. Sometimes heat and pressure build up in the Earth’s mantle, pushing hot magma up through a crack or a vent in the surface of the land. The rising magma can explode through the crack and create a/an— A Volcano B Earthquake C Glacier D Valley  

52. 26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because— A
26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because— A Much of North America used to be covered by glaciers B Grooves formed by glaciers often fill with water and become lakes C It flows across the land eroding and weathering everything in its path D It leaves behind huge piles of broken rock

53. 26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because— A
26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because— A Much of North America used to be covered by glaciers B Grooves formed by glaciers often fill with water and become lakes C It flows across the land eroding and weathering everything in its path D It leaves behind huge piles of broken rock

54. 27. Which of the following would be most directly affected by the flow of a glacier? A The average height of plants on the mountainside B The shape of the clouds that form above the glacier C The type of trees found in a nearby lake D The shape of the valley between the mountains

55. 27. Which of the following would be most directly affected by the flow of a glacier? A The average height of plants on the mountainside B The shape of the clouds that form above the glacier C The type of trees found in a nearby lake D The shape of the valley between the mountains

56. Mount St. Helens, Washington State After May 18, 1980
28. What Happened? Mount St. Helens, Washington State Before May 18, 1980
Mount St. Helens, Washington State After May 18, 1980

57. Mount St. Helens, Washington State After May 18, 1980
28. What Happened? Mount St. Helens, Washington State Before May 18, 1980
The volcano erupted causing the lava to change the mountain
Mount St. Helens, Washington State After May 18, 1980

58. Start of MS ?’s
29. Some changes occur to Earth’s surface slowly while other changes occur rapidly. Which of the following changes the Earth’s surface rapidly? A. river B. wind C. weathering D. landslides

59. Start of MS ?’s
29. Some changes occur to Earth’s surface slowly while other changes occur rapidly. Which of the following changes the Earth’s surface rapidly? A. river B. wind C. weathering D. landslides

60. 30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of basalt
30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of basalt. Which unit of measure would scientists use to measure the thickness of the rock layer, created as a result of volcanic activity? A. milliliters B. centimeters C. grams D. inches

61. 30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of basalt
30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of basalt. Which unit of measure would scientists use to measure the thickness of the rock layer, created as a result of volcanic activity? A. milliliters B. centimeters C. grams D. inches (not metric)

62. 31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below
31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below. The crust makes up a thin layer on the surface of our planet. This layer is not all in one piece, but is made up of many pieces – like a puzzle covering the surface of the Earth. These pieces, called plates, slowly move around, sliding and bumping into each other Which of the following is responsible for rapid changes to Earth’s surface caused by shifting plates? A. rivers B. erosion C. earthquakes D. glaciers

63. 31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below
31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below. The crust makes up a thin layer on the surface of our planet. This layer is not all in one piece, but is made up of many pieces – like a puzzle covering the surface of the Earth. These pieces, called plates, slowly move around, sliding and bumping into each other Which of the following is responsible for rapid changes to Earth’s surface caused by shifting plates? A. rivers B. erosion C. earthquakes D. glaciers

64. 32. A teacher asks students to develop a question to research volcanoes. All the following questions would be valid to research EXCEPT – A. How do volcanoes change the Earth’s surface? B. What causes volcanoes to erupt? C. Do scientists drive across moving lava flows? D. Is a volcano constructive, destructive, or both?

65. 32. A teacher asks students to develop a question to research volcanoes. All the following questions would be valid to research EXCEPT – A. How do volcanoes change the Earth’s surface? B. What causes volcanoes to erupt? C. Do scientists drive across moving lava flows? D. Is a volcano constructive, destructive, or both?

66. 33. Landslides change the Earth’s surface rapidly when dirt, rocks, and pebbles slide down a slope together. Sometimes these landslides are small and other times they may change the entire side of a mountain Which of the following is a cause of landslides? A. air pollution B. condensation C. hailstorms D. heavy rainfall

67. 33. Landslides change the Earth’s surface rapidly when dirt, rocks, and pebbles slide down a slope together. Sometimes these landslides are small and other times they may change the entire side of a mountain Which of the following is a cause of landslides? A. air pollution B. condensation C. hailstorms D. heavy rainfall

68. 34. In an activity, students rub two wood blocks together in opposite directions Which natural occurrence does this activity represent? A. earthquake B. volcanic eruption C. landslide D. mountain formation

69. 34. In an activity, students rub two wood blocks together in opposite directions Which natural occurrence does this activity represent? A. earthquake B. volcanic eruption C. landslide D. mountain formation

70. 35. The Hawaiian Islands were formed and continue to grow under the ocean surface. Which natural occurrences formed the Hawaiian Islands? A. earthquakes B. landslides C. underwater volcanoes D. tectonic plate collisions

71. 35. The Hawaiian Islands were formed and continue to grow under the ocean surface. Which natural occurrences formed the Hawaiian Islands? A. earthquakes B. landslides C. underwater volcanoes D. tectonic plate collisions

72. 36. A very mountainous region in California has had an extreme amount of rain over the last 2 days. People living in this area should watch out for— A. hurricanes B. earthquakes C. volcanoes D. landslides

73. 36. A very mountainous region in California has had an extreme amount of rain over the last 2 days. People living in this area should watch out for— A. hurricanes B. earthquakes C. volcanoes D. landslides

74. 37. A large wave that is formed out at sea by tectonic plate movement is called a tsunami. What is the cause of a tsunami? A. underwater volcano B. underwater hurricane C. underwater earthquake D. underwater landslide

75. 37. A large wave that is formed out at sea by tectonic plate movement is called a tsunami. What is the cause of a tsunami? A. underwater volcano B. underwater hurricane C. underwater earthquake D. underwater landslide

76. 38. How does an area benefit from volcanic activity. A
38. How does an area benefit from volcanic activity? A. farmland and crops are destroyed B. new land masses and islands are formed C. poisonous gases are produced D. roads are buried by flowing lava

77. 38. How does an area benefit from volcanic activity. A
38. How does an area benefit from volcanic activity? A. farmland and crops are destroyed B. new land masses and islands are formed C. poisonous gases are produced D. roads are buried by flowing lava

78. 39. Which of these is least likely to cause a rapid change to Earth’s surface? A. volcano B. landslide C. earthquake D. deposition

79. 39. Which of these is least likely to cause a rapid change to Earth’s surface? A. volcano B. landslide C. earthquake D. deposition

80. 40. Which of the following most likely caused the change in the location below? A. volcano B. weathering C. earthquake D. thunderstorm

81. 40. Which of the following most likely caused the change in the location below? A. volcano B. weathering C. earthquake D. thunderstorm

82. 41. Before investigating rapid changes in the Earth’s surface, students each developed a hypothesis about what rapid changes in Earth’s surface meant. Which student’s hypothesis was correct? A. Student 1 said rapid changes meant forms of participation B. Student 2 guessed rapid changes were high and low temperatures C. Student 3 guessed rapid changes were caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides D. Student 4 said rapid changes were the day and night cycle caused by Earth’s rotation

83. 41. Before investigating rapid changes in the Earth’s surface, students each developed a hypothesis about what rapid changes in Earth’s surface meant. Which student’s hypothesis was correct? A. Student 1 said rapid changes meant forms of participation B. Student 2 guessed rapid changes were high and low temperatures C. Student 3 guessed rapid changes were caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides D. Student 4 said rapid changes were the day and night cycle caused by Earth’s rotation

84. 42. Students learn through investigation that landslides travel at tremendous speeds. They research the effects of landslide speeds and report that some slides travel at speeds approaching 200 miles per hour. Students decide to further investigate these reports by testing different amounts of water on three landform models all made of rock and pebbles. What is the variable in this experimental investigation? A. landslide speeds B. amount of water C. types of soil D. amount of pebbles

85. 42. Students learn through investigation that landslides travel at tremendous speeds. They research the effects of landslide speeds and report that some slides travel at speeds approaching 200 miles per hour. Students decide to further investigate these reports by testing different amounts of water on three landform models all made of rock and pebbles. What is the variable in this experimental investigation? A. landslide speeds B. amount of water C. types of soil D. amount of pebbles

86. 43. The diagram below shows 4 layers of the Earth identified by numbers Which layer experiences changes from earthquakes? A. layer 1 B. layer 2 C. layer 3 D. layer 4
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4

87. 43. The diagram below shows 4 layers of the Earth identified by numbers Which layer experiences changes from earthquakes? A. layer 1 (crust) B. layer 2 C. layer 3 D. layer 4
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4

88. 44. Students build volcano models for a class science project
44. Students build volcano models for a class science project. When vinegar, baking soda, dish detergent, and food coloring were mixed, a reaction caused the volcano to look like it was erupting. In the model, what part of a volcano did the mixture represent? A. vent B. lava C. magma chamber D. ash cloud

89. 44. Students build volcano models for a class science project
44. Students build volcano models for a class science project. When vinegar, baking soda, dish detergent, and food coloring were mixed, a reaction caused the volcano to look like it was erupting. In the model, what part of a volcano did the mixture represent? A. vent B. lava C. magma chamber D. ash cloud

90. 45. When working with vinegar and baking soda, what procedure should students follow when testing the volcano model? A. stir the mixture rapidly B. wear safety goggles C. taste the mixture to identify the ingredients D. use a fire extinguisher to stop the eruption

91. 45. When working with vinegar and baking soda, what procedure should students follow when testing the volcano model? A. stir the mixture rapidly B. wear safety goggles C. taste the mixture to identify the ingredients D. use a fire extinguisher to stop the eruption

92. 46. Which of the following best completes the table below. A
46. Which of the following best completes the table below? A. land explodes B. land melts C. new land forms D. crust fractures
Event
Change to Land
Earthquake
???
Landslide
Land overlaps over land
Volcano
New land created

93. 46. Which of the following best completes the table below. A
46. Which of the following best completes the table below? A. land explodes B. land melts C. new land forms D. crust fractures
Event
Change to Land
Earthquake
???
Landslide
Land overlaps over land
Volcano
New land created

94. 47. A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the waves caused by vibration and motion of the ground The invention, a seismograph is most useful for measuring— A. tornadoes B. earthquakes C. rainfall D. mudslides

95. 47. A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the waves caused by vibration and motion of the ground The invention, a seismograph is most useful for measuring— A. tornadoes B. earthquakes C. rainfall D. mudslides