1. Female Urinary Incontinence; Tips for Taming the Tinkles
Felecia Fick, CRTT, PA-C

2. Disclosures
None

3. Objectives
Describe the evaluation of patients with urinary incontinence
Discuss how to diagnose different types of urinary incontinence
List treatment considerations for different types of urinary incontinence
Describe when to refer patients with urinary incontinence

4. Normal Micturition Cycle
Detrusor muscle relaxes as it fills with urine due to sympathetic stimulation. Parasympathetic stimulation causes the bladder to contract and urethral sphincter and pelvic muscle to relax.
When urge is strong enough and it is social appropriate to urinate, the pelvic floor relaxes, bladder contracts and you urinate. Bladder is constantly in a state of inhibition to contract. WE consciously release that inhibition, then bladder contracts and you void.

5. What is normal? Diurnal frequency- 8 voids Nocturia- 0-1 void
Bladder capacity cc
Normal voids cc
Daily fluid intake ounces
So what are the normal parameters? These are just general guidelines…
400cc bladder capacity is for the best bladder contraction void.
Dietician came up with fluid intake of 64 oz daily years ago with no scientific evidence and it has been passed on ever since.

6. What is urinary incontinence?
Any involuntary loss of urine (International Continence Society/ICS and American Urological Association/AUA)
The symptom is the patient’s complaint
The sign is the objective demonstration of urine loss
Loss of bladder control (Mayo Clinic)
Lots of definitions of UI-some strict, some not.
It’s the loss of urine without you wanting it to is the pt’s complaint.
The sign is seeing urinary incontinence on exam.
At Mayo we commonly say loss of bladder control.

7. Prevalence
At least 50% of patients do not report urinary incontinence [5]
25-51% of the population
Around 13 million in the United States [6,7]
More commonly seen caucasians,[4] multiple childbirths [10], aging [8], living in a nursing home [9]

8. Types of urinary incontinence
Stress
Urge
Mixed
Overflow
Functional
Neurogenic
Transient
Looking at incontinence, the difficulty is addressing the different types.
So, it is important to recognize the different types.
Stress incontinence most common.
Not going to focus much on the functional, neurogenic, transient today-but will give you the definitions so you know.

9. Stress Incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine occurring when the intravesical pressure exceeds the maximum urethral pressure in the absence of a detrusor contraction (ICS)
Loss of urine with exertion -coughing, sneezing
Risk factors- pregnancy, vaginal deliveries, heredity, obesity
Norton’s test
What is stress incontinence? Losing urine (without wanting to) due to bladder pressures that are higher than urethral/sphincter pressures when the bladder isn’t squeezing. That is the definition from the international continence society.
What activities cause this? C, S, running, lifting, reaching, even rolling over in bed

10. Urge incontinence (Overactive Bladder)
Involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong desire to void/urgency (ICS)
Risk factors- aging, obesity, genetics, though usually idiopathic
***Urinary tract infection
When you get an urge to urinate and can’t make it to the bathroom, that leakage of urine is called urge incontinence.
Most common cause of urge incontinence UTI-so rule this out with by taking urine specimen.

11. Mixed incontinence Combination of stress AND urinary urge incontinence
Mixed incontinence- Those women who are blessed to have both

12. Overflow incontinence
Bladder is not emptying and overflows
Frequent small urinations
Constant dribbling
Causes-
Weak detrusor contraction (neurological)
Outlet obstruction (pelvic prolapse, surgical procedures)
Overflow incontinence is when your bladder is always full/stretched and doesn’t empty.
Why does this happen? Your bladder is weak due to a neurogenic cause.
Prolapse or surgical procedures can cause outlet obstruction

13. Functional incontinence
Incontinence due to a physical or cognitive impairment in the setting of a normal functioning urinary tract
Causes-
Mobility- (arthritis, orthopedic surgery)
Cognition- (Alzheimer's disease)
Pts using walker after ortho surgery

14. Neurogenic Bladders (incontinence)
Incontinence due to a neurogenic cause
Examples- (multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, parkinsons, stroke)
May present as urge, stress, overflow, or retention
Requires a subspecialty appointment with a neurourologist so refer them
If a pt has a neurological diagnosis and bladder symptomatology-she has a neurogenic bladder.

15. Transient incontinence
Temporary incontinence
Occurs in 33% of community dwelling elderly and 50% of acutely hospitalized patients
Secondary to “DIAPPERS”
D elirium
I nfection
A trophic vaginitis
P harmacological
P sychological
E ndocrine
R estricted mobility
S tool impaction [1,2,3]
A third of our elderly neighbors have this. ½ of all acutely hospitalized pts do as well.
Atrophic Vaginitis-due to a weakened sphincter from weakened vaginal tissue
Endocrine-diabetes, diabetes insipidus
The good thing about transient incontinence is that it IS temporary. If you correct the underlying problem, you correct the incontinence.

16. Don’t ask, don’t tell-patient perspective
Patient embarrassment
Belief that symptoms are normal
Belief that symptoms will subside
Patient is unaware of treatment options or that treatment will be successful
Afraid of invasive, costly
procedures - specifically the
CATHETER….
Many times the patient is embarrassed.
She thinks this is normal.
She believes that her incontinence will go away.
She doesn’t know something can be done to help her.
She is afraid of the deadly catheter or other scary procedures…

17. Reasons incontinence is not addressed from a provider perspective
Many other important symptoms take precedence
Perception that patient is not bothered
Unaware of the significant impact on the patient’s quality of life
Unaware of treatment options or positive benefit of treatment
What can be worse than peeing your pants?
Don’t be afraid to refer

18. Reasons to address incontinence
Quality of life improvement
Morbidity and Mortality
Cost

19. Quality of Life
Quality of Life
Physical
Limitations or cessation
of physical activity
Psychological
Guilt/depression
Loss of self-respect/dignity
Fear
Social
Reduction in social activity
Alteration of travel plans
Institutionalization
Domestic
Special precautions with clothing
Specialized underwear, bedding
Occupational
Absence from work
Decreased productivity
Sexual
Avoidance of sexual
contact and intimacy
There are many factors affecting quality of life. Physical-limiting activities or even stopping them
Psychological- depression, loss of dignity
Social-avoidance of socialization and travel
Domestic- changes in clothing (wearing only dark clothes, special underwear, bedding)-hide from partner changing bedsheets
Occupational- absence from work or decreased productivity
Sexual avoidance

20. Morbidity and Mortality
Infections
UTIs, urosepsis, candida, cellulitis, pressure ulcers
Falls and fractures
Sleep deprivation
Psychological Impact
Poor self-esteem, depression, social withdrawal, sexual dysfunction
Caregiver burden [11,13,20]

21. Cost
Billions!
$20 billion in 2000 for total urinary incontinence costs to society [14]
56 percent consequence costs (i.e., nursing home admissions) and loss of productivity [15,16]
$65.9B in 2007 for OAB
Projected $76.2B- 2015
$82.6B-2020[17]
The estimated total national cost of OAB with UUI in 2007 was $65.9 billion, with projected costs of $76.2 billion in 2015 and $82.6 billion in 2020.
J Manag Care Pharm Feb;20(2):
Economic burden of urgency urinary incontinence in the United States: a systematic review.
Coyne KS1,et al (pub med)

22. Patient evaluation History Questionnaires Voiding Diary Physical exam
Additional testing
- urines
- post void residual
- urodynamics test
- cystoscopy
So let’s talk about evaluation of our patients. After all it IS one of the objectives of the talk..
Can you have the pt call the incontinence helpline shown on this slide? Too bad there’s not one, right?
I use the above bullet points with each of my patients.
Additional testing is evaluated on a case to case basis.

23. History
You may be afraid to ask about the bladder as you could open up a can of worms.
Your time is precious and limited with all the medical concerns you need to address.
Never be afraid to refer these patients to Urogynecology. I would be happy to personally see them.
"Whatever you do, just don't get her started on her bladder control problem."

24. Patient history
Review Questionnaire (UDI=urogenital distress inventory, IIQ=incontinence impact questionnarie…)
OBGYN
- number of pregnancies
- delivery method (vaginal, cesarean)
- instruments used (forceps, suction)
- degree of tearing, episiotomy
Pelvic Surgery
There are different types of questionnaires. Choose one and be consistent with utilization. We have our own Mayo Urogynecology questionnaire. Some practices use the UDI=Urogenital Distress Inventory. Others use the IIQ or Incontinence Impact Questionnaire. Others create their own questionnaire which we have at Mayo that the patient fills out prior to the appointment or while waiting to be roomed. This helps prepare the patient for what types of questions will be asked and helps them know what they will answer. It has worked well for my patients.

25. Patient history Bladder symptoms (LUTS=lower urinary tract symptoms)
Storage symptoms
Urgency
Frequency
Nocturia
Incontinence
Pain
Voiding symptoms
Hesitancy
Weak slow stream
Incomplete emptying
Post void dribbling
Pain

26. Bladder diary
The voiding diary is a nice tool for incontinence evaluation. You can find a lot of answers just by looking at a voiding diary.
Fluid intake
Urine output
Frequency
Voided volumes which I have found to be most helpful.
Incontinent episodes and descriptions of them –associated with urgency or no urgency AND….. NUMBER OF PADS

27. Patient history “Incontinence”
When do you leak urine? What triggers your leakage episodes?
How often does it happen?
Do you wear pads? What kind of pad? How many per day? Are they soaked or damp?
When I am talking to a patient about urinary incontinence I ask these questions.
Do you wear pads lets us know how bad of a problem the incontinence is.
I counsel my patients on using incontinence pads rather than maxi pads to reduce skin irritation and help with holding capacity.

28. Patient history Vaginal symptoms
Itching, dryness, burning, discharge, bleeding, infection, history of skin conditions such as atrophic vaginitis or lichen sclerosus
Can be seen with pelvic prolapse and/or Incontinence

29. Patient history Sexual history Sexually active or not Dyspareunia
Penetration, movement, orgasm, anorgasmic
Vaginal dryness-lubricants used
Post coital bleeding
?sexually transmitted infection
Abuse
Is the patient sexually active?
Does she have dyspareunia? If so with what?

30. Patient history Bowel symptoms Constipation Fecal incontinence
Splinting
Incomplete emptying
The bowels play a large role in bladder symptomatology, which is why I ask about them.
I work closely with the Motility clinic as the bowel and bladder go hand in hand.
When bowels are not well controlled, neither are bladder symptoms.

31. Patient history Neurological Pulmonary Medical Diagnosis
Physical Mobility
Mental Status including psychiatric history
Obesity
Medical diagnosis-diabetes or diabetes inspidius
Since I brought up obesity-let’s talk about that more as it can negatively affect urinary incontinence.

32. Patient history Medication review-diuretics, lithium, etc.. Social
Smoking, alcohol, recreational drugs
Family history Gynecological, urological, colorectal malignancy

33. Physical Exam
General
Abdominal /Back(scars, masses, CVA tenderness on the back)
Urologic/gynecologic
Visual inspection
Skin conditions, rashes, atrophy, vaginal discharge
Perineal sensation, reflexes (soft touch/sharp)
Cough stress test
Kegels or pelvic floor myalgia
Prolapse
Masses-(bartholins, urethral, skenes, diverticulum, bimanual, rectal exam included in this evaluation)

34. Kegels
Squeezing and releasing the pelvic floor muscles which includes the vagina, urethra, rectum.
Same muscle used to stop the urinary stream.
Graded as absent, weak, moderate, strong.
Can be taught through pelvic floor physical therapy.
Used as a treatment option for urinary incontinence.

35. Squirting Sue
40 yo c/o urinary incontinence only with running (no other urogynecological symptoms)
G4, P4 (vaginal, forceps with first 2, 3rd degree tearing with 3rd, largest birth weight 10 lbs)
BMI 22
PMH/PSH-Healthy. No surgeries.
Medications/allergies-None.
Bladder diary, urines, post void residual-normal
Physical exam is normal with strong kegels.

36. Squirting Sue What is her diagnosis? Transient incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Urge incontinence
Stress incontinence
Mixed incontinence

37. Squirting Sue Answer Stress incontinence Transient incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Urge incontinence
Stress incontinence
Mixed incontinence

38. Squirting Sue First LineTreatment
1) Urethral insert (Femsoft)
2) Pessary
3) Kegels on her own
4) Pelvic floor physical therapy/biofeedback
5) Surgery
6) Tell her to wear a pad

39. All are potential options, depending on how aggressive the patient wants to be with treatment

40. Squirting Sue First LineTreatment
1) Urethral insert (Femsoft)
2) Pessary
3) Kegels on her own
4) Pelvic floor physical therapy/biofeedback
5) Surgery
6) Tell her to wear a pad

41. 1) Urethral insert (Femsoft)
Answer
1) Urethral insert (Femsoft)
DO NOT USE in pts with urinary tract infections or taking anticoagulants!

42. Urgency Ursula
70 yo c/o urinary incontinence with a strong urge, urgency, frequency. No incontinence with cough or stress manuevers.
G0.
PMH/PSH-Healthy. No surgeries. BMI 30.
Medications/allergies-None.
Labs-Urines and post void residual are normal.
She has never been pregnant.
Her past medical and surgical history are unremarkable, though she is overweight.
No medications or allergies.
Labs and post void residual are normal.

43. Urgency Ursula’s Physical Exam
This is what her vaginal mucosa looks like this

44. Urgency Ursula’s Physical Exam
This is what Ursula’s external genitalia looks like this.

45. Urgency Ursula’s Physical Exam
No prolapse or incontinence.
Weak kegels.
Otherwise, unremarkable.
Her physical exam otherwise shows no prolapse or incontinence. She DOES have a weak pelvic floor.
So ……. what can we look at next? (Pause)
How about her voiding diary?

46. Bladder diary
This is Urgency Ursula’s bladder diary. Let‘s start by looking at the left which is the intake column.
We see that she takes in a total of 48 ounces. Is that a normal daily fluid intake??? No, she should have around 60 oz daily for her age (60 and over I usually use). This is just a general guideline. This varies depending on the health and activity status of my patients of course.
I also look at what types of fluids my patients take in. Is it generally water? Not in Ursula’s case. She only has 6 oz of water out of the 48 oz total.

47. Bladder diary
Next I look at the output column. I look at her total output of 51 oz which coordinates nicely with he input of 48 oz, so there is no concern there.
More importantly, though, I look at her individual voided volumes and her frequency. Are these normal voided volumes? Pause. No, they are not. 10oz voids would be normal.
So we know so far that Ursula doesn’t drink enough daily fluid. She doesn’t drink enough water and instead takes in dietary irritants which we will discuss in an upcoming slide, and her voided volumes are small capacity voids.
You probably are already formulating a diagnosis based on this information. Smile 

48. Bladder diary
It is helpful to know how much time the patient has between voids. I say if the patient is voiding every 2 hours during the day, this is normal provided she is taking in a normal fluid intake.

49. Bladder diary
I then focus my attention to the right hand column which describes the patient’s urinary incontinence.
I look at the frequency of the incontinence, how much she is leaking, what activities provoke it if any, if there’s urgency before she leaks and..
How many pads she wears during the day AND night.

50. Urgency Ursula What is her diagnosis? 1) Stress incontinence
2) Urge incontinence
3) Mixed incontinence and atrophic vaginitis
4) Overflow incontinence
5) Urge incontinence and atrophic vaginitis

51. 5) Urge incontinence and atrophic vaginitis
Urgency Ursula Answer
1) Stress incontinence
2) Urge incontinence
3) Mixed incontinence and atrophic vaginitis
4) Overflow incontinence
5) Urge incontinence and atrophic vaginitis

52. Urgency Ursula Treatment
1) Pelvic floor physical therapy
2) Vaginal estrogen
3) Dietary irritant avoidance
4) Weight loss
5) All of the above
How will we treat Ursula?

53. Urgency Ursula’s Treatment Answer
1) Pelvic floor physical therapy
2) Vaginal estrogen
3) Dietary irritant avoidance
4) Weight loss
5) All of the above
The answer is number 5-all of the above

54. Treatment Overactive Bladder
Behavioral
Modification
Fluid
management
Avoid Bladder
Irritants
Pelvic Floor
Muscle
Strengthening
(Consider PT)
Urge
Suppression/
Awareness
Of Triggers
Bladder
Retraining/
Timed
Voiding
Improve
Mobility and
Coexisting
Health Issues
Bowel
Habits/
Regularity
Since Ursula had an overactive bladder-let’s look at this chart that shows various treatments of OAB. You can see there are many.
Behavioral modification plays a big role in improving overactive bladders. In my department, we have special folders with a lot of helpful information that not only we review as providers, but have our urogynecology nurses re-enforce the teaching.

55. What are dietary irritants?
The 6 C’s
Caffeine
Citrus
Carbonation
Vitamin C
Alcohol (Cocktails)
Cigarettes

56. Urgency Ursula returns 3 months later
Overactive bladder symptoms are no better.
She has faithfully followed all recommendations.
Vaginal tissue – improved
Normal BMI.
4 sessions PT completed.
Moderate kegel.
Bladder diary-same except for no longer taking in dietary irritants.
Unfortunately, Ursula’s symptoms are the same despite following our recommendations.
She has estrogenized her vaginal tissue, lost weight, completing pelvic floor physical therapy, and avoided the 6 C’s.

57. Urgency Ursula’s return treatment?
1) Anticholinergics
2) Surgery
3) Continue with conservative therapy as the treatment risks outweigh the benefits
4) Pessary
Explain why to not use pessary with atrophic tissue and wont’ work for urgency
Surgery is not recommended for urgency until you fail medications

58. Urgency Ursula’s return treatment answer
1) Anticholinergics
2) Surgery
3) Continue with conservative therapy as the above treatments risks outweigh the benefits
4) Pessary
I would start her on medication. Even with her age, it is fine to use. And continue with # 3

59. Distribution of Muscarinic Receptors in Target Organs of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
Iris/Ciliary Body = Blurred Vision
CNS
Lacrimal Gland = Dry Eyes
Salivary Glands = Dry Mouth
Dizziness
Somnolence
Impaired Memory & Cognition
Heart = Tachycardia
Gall Bladder
Stomach = Dyspepsia
This slides shows the distribution of muscarinic receptors and is important because by remembering this distribution you can easily recall most of the common SE associated with this class of agents.
Muscarinic receptors in the brain are associated in memory deficits and somnolence
Lacrimal glands: Blurred vision
Salivary glands: Dry mouth (the most common SE with this class of drugs)
Heart: Receptors in the SA can cause increase in baseline HR and prolongation of the QT interval
GI tract: constipation: the second most common SE
Presence in the bladder accounts for the therapeutic benefit of this class of drugs.
Colon = Constipation
Bladder (detrusor muscle)
Abrams P, Wein AJ. (1998). The Overactive Bladder: A Widespread and Treatable Condition. Erik Sparre Medical AB.

60. Available anticholinergics
Oxybutynin
tablet (Ditropan IR, ER)
transdermal patch (Oxytrol)-which is OTC
transdermal gel (Gelnique)
Tolterodine tartrate (Detrol, IR, ER)
Trospium chloride (Sanctura, IR, XR)
Fesoterodine fumarate (Toviaz)
Darifenacin (Enablex)
Solifenacin succinate (Vesicare)
Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)
7 different anticholinergics available on the market
Myrebetriq is the newest one-only FDA approved Beta 3 adrenergic agonist. Comes in 25 and 50mg tablets. Most common SE was HTN at 11% in trials.

61. Which one to chose? In general, you could start with any one.
OBJECT trial, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2001
Oxybutynin ER/ Ditropan XL 10mg daily
Good efficacy, reasonable cost
If not effective or side effects
Try another

62. Frequent Francis
50 yo G0 c/o urinary frequency. Failed Tolterodine tartrate (Detrol LA), Fesoterodine fumarate (Toviaz), and Solifenacin succinate (Vesicare). Not interested in trying another medication. No dietary irritants.
BMI 23.
PMH/PSH- healthy.
No meds/allergies.
Labs-urines normal.
Exam-normal with strong kegels.
Add a slide for a bladder diary

64. Frequent Francis’s diagnosis
Urinary urgency
Urinary frequency
Obstructive voiding symptoms
Urge incontinence

65. Frequent Francis’s diagnosis
Urinary urgency
Urinary frequency
Obstructive voiding symptoms
Urge incontinence

66. Frequent Francis’s Treatment
1) Oxybutynin ER 10mg daily
2) Botox
3) Sacral Nerve Stimulator
4) Augmentation Cystoplasty
5) Refer
This really affects franscis . She is at her wits end, so surgery may truly improve her quality of life. She is willing to even do major surgery she tells you.

67. Frequent Francis’s Treatment
1) Oxybutynin ER 10mg daily
2) Botox
3) Sacral Nerve Stimulator
4) Augmentation Cystoplasty
5) Refer

68. Botulinum Toxin Many uses in the medical field today
Outpatient surgery injected cystoscopically
Effective within 2 weeks
Effective for 6-12 months
Around 80% success
Small chance of urinary retention
$$$$ so we always ask pt to get insurance pre- approval

69. Treatment Urinary Urge Incontinence
Surgical Options:
Sacral Neuromodulation (Interstim)
Uses a small device (battery) which sends electrical impulses through a lead positioned close to S3 sacral nerve
Modulates the nervous signals to the bladder
TENS unit, percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation, interstim

70. Wet Wanda
57 yo c/o urinary incontinence with urgency (larger volume leakage) and stress activities (small drops). She has constipation. No other complaints.
G2, P2 (forceps with first, largest birth weight 9lbs). BMI 28
PMH/PSH- Hysterectomy, DM2, HTN
Medications- Estradiol TD (Vivelle Dot), Metformin, HCTZ
Allergies-NKDA
SH: Drinks 1 pot of coffee daily and has 3 sodas. Smokes 1 pack of cigarettes daily x 25 years.
Urines and post void residual are normal.
Wanda is 57.
She leaks urine with an urgency beforehand as well as when she coughs, sneezes, or does activity.
She’s had 2 vaginal deliveries. Forceps assisted her first one who weighed 9lbs.
She is overweight.
She loves coffee and drinks 1 pot per day. She has 3 daily sodas and is a smoker.
There is no urinary tract infection and she empties her bladder well.

71. Wet Wanda
Physical exam- Normal external genitalia. Normal vaginal mucosa. Weak kegels. No prolapse. With cough, leaks small amount. While getting off the exam table, she had a strong urge and gushed a larger amount of urine.

72. Wet Wanda’s diagnosis 1) Stress incontinence 2) Urge incontinence
3) Mixed incontinence
4) Overflow incontinence
What is her diagnosis?
Remember she leaked all over the exam table.

73. Wet Wanda diagnosis answer
1) Stress incontinence
2) Urge incontinence
3) Mixed incontinence
4) Overflow incontinence

74. How do you treat mixed incontinence?
Do you treat the stress or urge first?
Ask the patient what bothers her most
Treat the most bothersome symptom first
For Wet Wanda, she is most bothered by her urinary urge incontinence
So then how would we treat her if she has both?

75. Wet Wanda’s first treatment
1) Take her off the HCTZ and do a sling surgery
2) Pessary
3) Anticholinergics
4) Conservative management- avoid constipation, lose weight, avoid dietary/social irritants-smoking, soda, coffee..
5) Who knows?
So would you..

76. Wet Wanda’s answer
1) Take her off the HCTZ and do a sling surgery
2) Pessary
3) Anticholinergics
4) Conservative management- avoid constipation, lose weight, avoid dietary/social irritants-smoking, soda, coffee..
5) Who knows? .
Let’s look at each of these options carefully and discuss them.
She leaked urine on exam physical exam, but I wouldn’t jump right to a sling. I also don’t discontinue medications that I haven’t prescribed.
She had no prolapse, so I wouldn’t use a pessary. She DOES have stress incontinence, but also urge and I have not seen pessaries help with urge incontinence.
Anticholinergics are an option for this patient, but..its always best to start conservatively.
4 is the best answer. Referral to a nutritionist. Miralax for her constipation. Behavioral therapy through my urogyn nurses for dietary irritant avoidance and smoking cessation clinic here at Mayo.

77. Obesity
Obesity-it’s a growing problem-LITERALLY

78. Does weight loss help incontinence?
Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise (PRIDE)
January New England Journal of Medicine
338 women
30 and older with a BMI of 25-50
greater than 3 months incontinence leaking at least 10 times/week
6 month weight loss program and followed for 18 months [18,19]
Has anyone heard of the PRIDE study?
The PRIDE study stands for Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise.
The New England Journal of Medicine was first to publish this in Jan. 2009, September Journal of Urology, August Obstetrics & Gynecology
This was a really neat and helpful study for urinary incontinent patients.

79. PRIDE, continued..
Group 1-”intensive” weight loss group had diet, exercise, behavioral modification with coaches, classes, etc.. And a follow up 12 month weight maintenance program
Group 2-received information on diet and exercise with NO direct training to help them change habits [18,19]

80. PRIDE, continued…
Group 1- Lost an average of 8% (about 17lbs) of their body weight
Investigators reported a 47% mean reduction of weekly incontinent episodes
Group 2- Lost an average of 1.6% (about 3lbs) of their body weight
Investigators reported a 28% mean reduction in weekly incontinent episodes [19]

81. Wet Wanda returns 3 months later…
She is 50% improved from her urge incontinence, has stopped smoking, lost weight to now a normal BMI, no more constipation.
She is interested in more aggressive treatment options.
She’s improved by 50% and is happy about that, but would like to be dry.

82. Wet Wanda returns 3 months later…
Treatment options..
1) Haven’t we fixed her yet? She’s still leaking?
2) Anticholinergics
3) Pessary
4) Surgery

83. Wet Wanda returns 3 months later…
Treatment options..
1) Haven’t we fixed her yet? She’s still leaking?
2) Anticholinergics
3) Pessary
4) Surgery

84. Wet Wanda returns 2 months later..
Good news!
You fixed Wanda’s urge incontinence! It is gone!
She has now joined a Crossfit class and has had to stop it due to her bothersome incontinence with these Crossfit exercises.
She has been so pleased with your care of fixing her urge incontinence, that she is confident in your ability to fix her stress urinary incontinence.

85. Wet Wanda’s treatment for stress incontinence
1) Urethral insert (Femsoft)
2) Pessary
3) Surgery

86. Answer Any option is reasonable.
I would present all options to the patient and let her decide as there is no wrong answer.

87. Treatment Stress Urinary Incontinence
Ring with a Knob Pessary
Marland Pessary

88. Pessary care Patient self maintenance preferred
Removed twice weekly to clean with soap/water
Some use only with activity
Inserted with a water based lubricant
Removed before intercourse
Last usually around 10 years
Around $80 each

89. Leaking Liz
37 yo G2, P2 (NSVD) female who leaks with plyometrics which incorporates a lot of jumping.
Femsoft worked for her intermittent incontinence (early 20s).
Continent pessary worked well from 36-37yo.
Now interested in a more permanent fix.
Healthy. Normal BMI. No meds/allergies. Unremarkable PMH/PSH. Normal exam with strong kegels.

90. Leaking Liz treatments
1) Bulking agent
2) Slings

91. Leaking Liz treatments
1) Bulking agent
2) Slings
***Pt to talk with surgeon to decide correct procedure for her. One size does not fit all.
Recovery time versus anesthesia time

92. Surgical treatment for stress incontinence
Outpatient surgery
Bulking agents
Periurethral injection of material (collagen, macroplastique, etc..) to increase tissue bulk.
Slings
Piece of material (like a hammock) inserted transvaginally supporting the urethra.
Goal is to reduce stress incontinence without causing obstructive voiding symptoms or urinary retention.

93. References
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