1. Chapter 20 The U.S. Looks Overseas
HOW DID THE U.S. DEMONSTRATE ITS GROWING INTEREST IN THE PACIFIC AND IN LATIN AMERICA

2. Bullet Points p. 699
Read pgs

3. Ch 20 Sec 1
I can understand how the U.S. acquired new territory and expanded trade in the Asia-Pacific region

4. Ch. 20 Sec 1 Eyes on the Pacific
Manifest Destiny – U.S. should have borders from Atlantic to Pacific
???
Why not go further west?
Americans did just that

5. Japan
Mid 1800’s Americans wanted trade with Japan
Japan was a closed country

6. Japan What they didn’t have was a strong navy
Pres. Millard Fillmore sends Commodore Matthew C. Perry and his fleet – 1553
Japanese thought they were ready

7. Were the Japanese impressed?
Perry arrives with ships
Gives Japanese letter from President and leaves
Were the Japanese impressed?

9. 1 year later Perry returns Japan grants America trading rights
Yes they were
1 year later Perry returns
Japan grants America trading rights
Changes Japan forever

10. Alaska 1867 – Alaska belonged to Russia
Russia wants American influence, not British
1869 – Russia sells for $7.2 million (2 cents per acre)
Many in U.S. against sale
Did not know of riches

12. America was isolationist (avoid other countries)
U.S. Expansion
America was isolationist (avoid other countries)
Europeans were imperialists (empire building)
Late 1800’s, U.S. wanted territories

13. Was he ever wrong!!! Turner Thesis Western frontier has been conquered
No more expansion
Was he ever wrong!!!

14. Economic Growth U.S. has powerful economy U.S. did not want
1. To be denied raw materials
2. To be denied global market

15. Control the seas – (Alfred T. Mahan)
Economic Growth
Key is a strong navy
Control the seas – (Alfred T. Mahan)

16. From this

17. To this

18. To This

19. Other Reasons for Expansion
Protect overseas trade
Spread American values

20. Samoa
U.S. Navy and American shipping companies needed a refueling stop in Pacific
Germany and Britain also wanted the same
Almost went to war
1899, Germany and U.S. divided control

22. Hawaii
After 1820, American sugar planters set up plantations
Planters gained power and forced king to give them power in government
When king died, Queen tried to limit power

23. Hawaii
With help of U.S. Marines, planters seized control of Islands (1893)
Congress annexed Hawaii in 1898

24. China
Late 1800’s, war weakens China
European powers & Japan try to divide up China

25. U.S. wants, “Open Door” policy WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
China
U.S. fears exclusion
U.S. wants, “Open Door” policy
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
The right of all nations to trade with China

26. China – Boxer Rebellion
Chinese object – form secret group
This group – The Boxers – attacked foreigners
Chinese gov’t. helped

27. China U.S. and other countries send 18,000 troops
Defeat Boxers, kill Chinese and loot Beijing

28. U.S. insists on Open Door policy Insists China not be carved up
China survived but with foreign influence

29. Bullet points p. 699
Read pgs

30. Ch 20 Sec 2 The Spanish – American War
I can understand the causes and effects of the Spanish – American War

31. Cuba
90 miles south of Florida
Controlled by Spain since 1492
Cubans revolt 1868

32. People put in reconcentration camps 200,000 die
Cuba
First revolt failed
2nd revolt, 1895
People put in reconcentration camps
200,000 die

34. Inspired Cubans from exile in U.S.
José Martí
Cuban poet
Inspired Cubans from exile in U.S.
Got to Cuba but killed

35. American Reaction Americans sympathetic Want to oust Spanish
Protect American investments in Cuba
50 mil. Rice, sugar, RR’s, iron mines
Presidents Cleveland and McKinley said NO intervention

36. U.S. Press U.S. Newspapers urged intervention
William R. Hearst of New York Journal one of the worst

37. Remember the Maine 1898 – Fighting in the streets of Havana, Cuba
President McKinley sent U.S. Battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American interests

38. Remember the Maine
With this big battleship in the harbor, what could possibly go wrong at 9:40 PM on Feb. 15, 1898?

39. Remember the Maine To Hell with Spain
Press and public blame Spanish
Cause of the explosion still unknown
Spanish Naval mine
Sunk by Navy to provoke war
Fire in coal bunker

40. WAR!! WAR!! WAR!!
Asst. Secretary of Navy T. Roosevelt thinks Congress will declare war
Sent Adm. Dewey to Spanish held Philippine Islands

41. WAR!! WAR!! WAR!!
April 20, 1898, Congress declares war on Spain
May 1, 1898, Dewey attacks Spanish fleet in Philippines.
Sinks entire squadron
No American losses

42. War in Cuba
TR (who is that?????)
Gave up his job as Asst. Sec. of the Navy
Formed Cavalry group, the Rough Riders
Poorly trained, poorly equipped

43. TR leads men up San Juan Hill in Santiago Cuba
Rough Riders
July 1, 1898
TR leads men up San Juan Hill in Santiago Cuba
Black, white, it didn’t matter

47. White regiments, black regiments
White regiments, black regiments Fought shoulder to shoulder, unmindful of race or color And mindful only of their common duty as Americans.
First Lt. John J. Pershing

49. Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam and Wake Islands to U.S.
An American Empire
Dec – Spain surrenders
Cuba independent
Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam and Wake Islands to U.S.
U.S. pays $20 million

51. Debate on Treaty U.S. has important naval bases Expands business
YES NO
U.S. has important naval bases
Expands business
Spread democracy
Violates Declaration
Self gov’t denied
Risk of future wars

52. Senate approves treaty, , Feb. 1899
Outcome
Senate approves treaty, , Feb. 1899

53. Governing Filipinos try for freedom
Former U.S. allies in Philippines fight U.S.
3 year war
4,000 Americans dead
20,000 Filipinos dead
Philippines not free until 1946

54. Puerto Rico a territory with a U.S. governor
Governing Caribbean
Puerto Rico a territory with a U.S. governor
People become U.S. citizens
U.S. developed economy and education

56. Governing Caribbean
Cuba becomes U.S. protectorate
Cuba cannot make treaties
Cannot borrow money
U.S can intervene in Cuban affairs
Naval base at Guantanamo

58. Anopheles Stephensi
Aedes Aegypti

59. WHY ARE THESE 2 BUGS IMPORTANT?
They almost delayed one of the worlds most important projects.
WHAT WAS THAT PROJECT?

60. PANAMA
CANAL

61. Bullet Points p. 699
Read pgs

62. Ch 20 Sec 3 The U.S. & Latin America
I can understand how the U.S. used the Monroe Doctrine to justify intervention in Latin America

63. Named after President Monroe WHAT DID IT SAY?
Monroe Doctrine
Named after President Monroe
WHAT DID IT SAY?
European countries stay out of the Americas
We will stay out of European affairs
If you don’t, there will be trouble

64. The Navy had to send this boat
1898
The Navy had to send this boat

65. From Here

66. To Here

67. But to do it, they had to go around this
A distance of 14,000 miles and it took 2 months

68. A short easily defensible route
What do we need?
A short easily defensible route

69. A narrow strip of land joining two larger area of land
Isthmus of Panama
What is an isthmus?
A narrow strip of land joining two larger area of land

70. Isthmus of Panama
Where is it?

71. 1902
Panama was a province of Columbia
TR offered to rent for $10 mil now and ¼ mil yearly
Columbia wanted more and said NO

72. Teddy don’t like that!!

73. So, what can he do???
Steal it from Columbia

74. Grand Theft Country TR knew Panamanians did not like Columbia
Talked Panamanian leaders into a revolt
Sent gunboats to stop Columbian navy
U.S. recognized Panamanian sovereignty

75. Gun Boat Diplomacy

76. U.S. signs deal with Panama
Grand theft Country
U.S. signs deal with Panama
Still can’t start canal until health problems solved

77. Disease
Most people thought that yellow fever and malaria were spread by bad air
MAL = bad
ARIA = air
Two doctors found that it was spread by mosquitoes
WHAT DO WE DO?

78. Drain the swamps and clear the areas where the insects breed
DISEASE
Kill the skeeters
HOW?
Drain the swamps and clear the areas where the insects breed

79. 2. Dam a river to create a lake 3. Erect the canal’s locks
The Big Ditch
3 major jobs
1. Cut through a mountain
2. Dam a river to create a lake
3. Erect the canal’s locks

80. The Mountain 9 mile ditch through the Cordillera Mountains
Called the Gaillard cut

88. THE BIG STICK

89. TR claimed the U.S. to be the leader in the Americas
WHY
TR claimed the U.S. to be the leader in the Americas
Prevent European nations from becoming too powerful in the Americas

90. Roosevelt Corollary
When U.S. neighbors get into trouble with Europe, the U.S. can use an “INTERNATIONAL POLICE POWER” and get involved.

91. Example
European nations wanted to use military force to collect debts owed by Dominican Republic

93. Corollary In Action
TR sent Marines to Dominican Republic and took over finances

95. BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG?
Dollar Diplomacy
TR out, Taft in.
Economic ties best way to influence other countries
U.S. companies invest in Latin America
BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG?

99. Mexicans overthrew dictator Resulted in Civil War
A New President Wilson
Support democracy
Put to the test
Mexicans overthrew dictator
Resulted in Civil War

100. 1914
While trying to refuel a boat, a dispute arose between Mexican soldiers and U.S. sailors
Sailors taken prisoner but released
U.S. invaded Mexico at Vera Cruz

101. 1916
Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa attacks U.S. town of Columbus NM
Retaliation for arms dealer selling guns to Villa’s enemy
Burns town
U.S. responds

102. U.S. sends army to track down Villa
U.S. General Pershing tracks Villa for 11 months but cannot capture
U.S. withdraws