1. BELL WORK
HOMEWORK: Design a DO NOT TRESPASS sign for one of the physical features of China. Need a title, a picture, and 3 reasons to NOT live there. TODAY’S TITLE: # Geography of China WAR: Answer the following question: “What kind of realistic geographic features would make you NOT want to live in a certain place and why?”

2. EARLY CHINA
CHAPTER 7

3. Overview of china’s geography
Modern China is the world’s 3rd largest country at 3.7 million square miles
It has the highest population of 1.2 billion people
We will divide China into 2 main areas: Outer China and Inner China to better understand the geography

4. Outer China Includes the western and northern parts
An area of great extremes
Contains the following: Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, the Northwestern Deserts, and the Northeastern Plain

5. Inner China Includes the southeastern part of China
Contains rolling hills, river valleys, and plains
Includes the North China Plain and the Chang Jiang Basins

6. The Tibet-Qinghai Plateau
Called the “Roof of the World”
Rocky land with high mountains (the Himalayas are part of it)
The climate is very cold because the elevation is so high
It is also very dry here
Some vegetation like scrubs and grasses
Two major rivers begin in the area: Huang He River and Chang Jiang River ( aka the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers)

7. Tibet-Qinghai Plateau

8. Taklimakan Gobi

9. Northwestern Deserts: Taklimakan Desert
One of the most dangerous deserts in the world
Filled with large sand dunes
Sandstorms are common
Very dry and hot
GOBI DESERT
One of the world’s largest deserts
Has few sand dunes
Very stony and little vegetation

10. Northeastern Plain Located east of present-day Mongolia
Low hills and plains
Mostly filled with prairie grass
2 major rivers flow through here: the Liao and Sungari Rivers
Has short, warm summers and dry, cold winters
In the south, a coastal plain links this area to the rest of China and invaders used this route to invade China

11. Northeastern Plain

12. The North China Plain A flat region of grassland
Temperatures range from very hot to very cold
Called the “Land of the Yellow Earth” because it’s covered with yellow silt, which blows in from the Gobi Desert
This where the Huang He River gets its nickname (Yellow River). It is also the world’s muddiest river! Ick!
The silt fertilizes the land making it very fertile
But the river floods A LOT!

13. North China Plain

14. Middle and Lower Chang Jiang Basins
Low, wet coastal plains located along the Chang Jiang River
The river has hundreds of tributaries (small streams)
Flows through 3 plains and then a rich, fertile delta
Floods less often than Huang He
Climate is warm and wet
At one time, there may have been rainforests here
Limited space for farming, but good for rice!

15. Middle and lower Chang Jiang Basins

16. Rate the Physical features!
Let’s now rate these places on the following: Most likely to produce a dependable food supply, Most likely to contribute to Outstanding Trade, and Most likely to be the site of China’s earliest settlement.
Where do YOU think the first Chinese civilization arose?

17. Early Settlement of Ancient China
Settled mostly on the North China Plain because it had plenty of water, fertile soil, and a moderate climate.
Tibetan Plateau and Northeastern Plain were too cold and dry
Northwestern Deserts were too dry
The Chang Jiang Basins were wet and fertile, but heavy rains made farming difficult.
Out of all of China’s land, only 1/10 is farmable. The rest is covered by mountains and deserts.

18. Bell Work
HOMEWORK: TODAY’S TITLE WAR:

19. Section 1: How did Civilization in China Begin?
Farming began along the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers
Grew rice, millet, and wheat
Also fished and hunted
Had domesticated pigs and sheep
Small villages grew into walled towns that spread in both northern and southeastern China
Burial sites indicate that early Chinese believed in an afterlife similar to Egyptian beliefs
Graves contained jewelry and other objects made from jade, a hard gemstone

20. What was the Xia Dynasty?
Kings ruled early China
2200 BC: Yu the Great founded the Xia Dynasty
Yu dug channels to control widespread flooding and created major waterways of northern China
Not much else is known about this dynasty
Many stories are told about how the kings tried to help people solve problems by working together

21. What was The Shang Dynasty?
Established in the 1500s BC
Shang family emerged as most powerful and ruled northern China
King was the center of political and religious life
Nobles served him as advisors
Organized Society: kings and their families warlords and aristocrats traders, artisans  farmers slaves

22. What were some Shang Achievements?
Created China’s first writing system, which used more than 2000 symbols. This is what Chinese writing is based on today!
1st Shang writing was found on cattle bones and turtle shells
Used these bones as oracles, or predictions of the future
Made beautiful containers made of bronze for cooking and religious ceremonies
Made jade axes, knives, and ornaments from jade
Developed war chariots, bows, and bonze body armor
Developed a calendar based on the cycles of the moon
Pre-AP: hint, hint! You could use these as project artifact ideas!! 

23. Bell Work WAR: Write in agenda
1st, 4th, 6th period: Answer #1b on p. 171
2nd, 3rd, 5th period: Answer #1c on p. 171
Take out wkbk and Bronze Pot activity for GRADING! These are your first two grades for the THIRD NINE WEEKS! 
WOW: Topic #4, Zhou Dynasty

24. Section 2: The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
The Zhou overthrew the Shang in the 1100s BC. Shang kings were corrupt and selfish, governed badly, and lost the loyalty of their soldiers 
This dynasty lasted longer than any other in Chinese history
Claimed to have a mandate of heaven, which means that heaven gives power to the king
Expanded territory

25. What was the Zhou Political system like?
Granted land to people in return for loyalty, military support, other services.
Lords, or people of high rank, received land in return for payment of taxes and providing soliders
Peasants, or small farmers, would receive small plots of land and had to farm other land for the lords too
These lords helped keep control of distant areas and ensure loyalty

26. What caused the Fall of the Zhou Dynasty?
Local rulers became too powerful, stopped obeying the kings even in times of invasion
481 BC: Fighting breaks out between the lords and continues for next 200 years. This is called the “Period of the Warring States”.
Fighting was brutal and cruel

27. What were internal problems during the Zhou Dynasty?
Bonds of loyalty within families began to weaken, especially in upper classes
Sons would fight each other over inheritance of land
Government lacked power to stop the fighting
Chinese society fell into disorder

28. Who was Confucius?
Wanted to improve China during the decline of the Zhou
Felt China was overrun by rude and dishonest people
Said people had to return to their ethics, or moral values, and should know their role in society

29. What were the basic ideas of Confucianism?
Fathers should display high values to inspire families
Children need to respect their parents and ancestors (filial piety)
All family members should be loyal to each other
Moral leadership brings order, not laws
A king should lead by example
Lower classes would learn by following superiors’ examples
Confucius’ ideas were compiled into a book called Analects
Confucianism has influenced philosophy and religion!

30. What is Daoism?
Wanted people to live in harmony with the Dao, the guiding force of reality
Unlike Confucianism, they believed government should stay out of people’s lives
Should not interfere with nature (“be like water”)
The universe is a balance of opposites
Worshipped nature
Give up desires and concerns
People should not gain wealth or power
Most important Daoist teacher: Laozi

31. What is Legalism? Founded by Han Fei Zi
Taught that humans were naturally evil and needed to be controlled
No religious connection unlike Confucianism and Daoism
Believed there needed to be harsh laws and punishments to force people to do their duty
Relatives could be punished for another family member’s crimes
Wanted strong and efficient leaders to keep order, not nobles
Focused on expanded territory and always being ready for war

32. Influence on modern life
Leader
Philosophy
Main idea
Influence on modern life
Confucius
Confucianism
People should put the needs of their family and community first.
Many Chinese today accept his idea of duty to family. His ideas helped open up government jobs to people with talent.
Laozi
Daoism
People should give up worldly desires in favor of nature and the Dao.
Daoism teaches the importance of nature and encourages people to treat nature with respect and reverence.
Han Feizi
Legalism
Society needs a system of harsh laws and strict punishment.
Legalists developed laws that became an important part of Chinese history.

33. Bell Work
HOMEWORK: TODAY’S TITLE:

34. Section 3: Why was the Qin Emperor’s government strong?
Shi Huangdi became ruler of China in 221 BC and established the Qin dynasty
Based his rule on the ideas of Legalism
Made the central government stronger
Unified China and conquered territory
Created one currency for use of money
Built roads and canals
Began the building of the Great Wall to keep out the Xiongnu (nomads from the Gobi Desert)

35. What were some examples of Shi Huangdi’s cruelty?
Burned any books that did not support Legalism
Buried 460 scholars alive who disapproved of the book burning
After a city was conquered, he tore down its walls and took all the weapons
Took land away from nobles and made them move
Forced commoners to work on government projects where they faced danger and death

36. What was China Like under the Qin?
Shi Huangdi claimed all power
Divided China into districts each with its own governor
Districts were subdivided into counties with an appointed official
This helped to enforce his tax system and a strict chain of command

37. What were some Qin policies?
Shi Huangdi set up a uniform law system (all rules and punishments are the same throughout the empire)
Standardized the written language (had to write with the same exact system)
Standardized money system
Standardized weight and measure systems
Trade became much easier with all this consistency
Any disobedience against these systems would result in harsh punishments

38. What were some Qin Achievements?
Built a network of roads that connected the capital to every part of the empire
Helped the army move quickly and easily to put down revolts
Built canals to connect the rivers, which made it easier to ship goods
Improved irrigation system to aid farming
Built the Great Wall to keep out northern invaders (Pieces of the wall were actually started in the 600s BC, but Qin connected smaller pieces to each other to form one long wall)

39. Pictures of the Great Wall

40. How did the Qin Dynasty fall?
Shi Huangdi kept China unified
After his death, the government began to fall apart
Rebel groups formed all over the country and each claimed to have a mandate from heaven to replace the emperor
One group attacked the capital and overthrew the new emperor
With no central government, China fell into another period of civil war

41. WIO ACTIVITY – SHI HUANGDI: HERO OR VILLAIN?
Your poster must include: -A sketch of what the person probably looks like. -A reward amount listing the specific crime or heroic action the person did. -A made-up quote from a person living at the time showing what people might have said about this person. -The approximate date this poster would have been found. -A written description of what the person has done in their life.

42. Happy Thursday! 
WAR: ALL CLASSES: GLUE IN THE ISN CHECKLIST – GRADING TOMORROW!
1st, 4th, 6th period: Read ch. 6, Section 4 pp and answer the following question: What were the social classes in Han China?
Take out homework for grading
Turn in Filial Piety project (make sure your name is on it!) if you are finished – DUE TOMORROW!!!
2nd, 3rd, 5th period:
Why were wealthy merchants in the lower class?
- Take out homework for grading!

43. Section 4: What is the Han Dynasty’s Government like Under Liu Bang?
Founded in 202 BC by a peasant leader named Liu Bang
Earned the loyalty and trust of soldiers and peasants
Lowered taxes for farmers
Made punishments less severe
Gave land to supporters
Relied on educated officials to advise him

44. What was the Han Dynasty’s Government Like Under Wudi?
140 BC: Emperor Wudi takes the throne
Created a stronger central government
Took land from lords
Raised taxes
Took control of grain supply
Confucianism became the official government philosophy
Founded a Confucian university
Government officials had to pass an exam and have a recommendation to earn their job (rich families were mostly in control because of this policy)

45. Name Period Date Fictional Character Contact Info Qualification (Experience & Characteristics that make eligible) (probably 5-10) Education (where and when and how much, or degrees received) Family Connection (References)

46. How was Society organized during the Han Dynasty?
Based on the Confucian system and was more rigid
4 classes:
- Emperor, his court, and scholars with government positions
- Peasants (largest class)
- Artisans
- Merchants
Why did merchants fall in the lower class?
Soldiers were not part of the system, but being in the army could bring them an opportunity to rise up in class

47. Lives of the Rich Classes only divided people by rank, not wealth!
Emperor lived in a palace and his officials had large houses and estates
Filled homes with expensive decorations and loved to entertain
Even their tombs were filled with luxury items

48. Lives of the Poor Consisted of 90% of the population
Worked long hours on farming or building projects
Had to pay heavy taxes, which may have forced them to give up their land to wealthy landowners
Wore simple clothing and ate simple diets
Lived in small villages and wood-framed houses

49. Revival of Family Strong Confucian influence
Children MUST respect their parents…IT WAS THE LAW!
Fathers had absolute power
Women and children had to be obedient to the father
Filial piety helped keep order because obedience had been instilled in people since birth
Children were encourage to serve parents and had to honor dead relatives with ceremonies
Boys were valued more highly than girls because they would continue the family line and took care of the parents later
Older women could become the head of family if needed

50. HAPPY FRIDAY!!!! 
WAR:
1st, 4th, 6th period – take out your Filial Piety project for grading!
Read Ch. 6, Section 4 and answer the following question, “How did Emperor Wudi create a strong central government?
2nd, 3rd, 5th period – Answer the following question, “Do you think that an exam system is the best way to make sure that people are fairly chosen for government jobs? Why/why not?

51. WIO – Han Achievements
List and rank the Han achievements in order of importance, with 1 the most important and 11 being the least important
Read p and choose one of the Han achievements and describe what it is, how it affected Han society and why it was important.

52. What were some Han Achievements?
Figure painting
Wrote poetry (the fu and shi styles) and histories
Sundial
Seismograph
Waterwheels to grind grain
Iron drill bits to mine more salt
Steel
Paper
Medicine and disease prevention improved
Acupuncture
Rudders for ships and new kinds of sails allowed the Chinese to trade with far off places like Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean, India, and the Mediterranean Sea.

53. WIO: Writing Resumes Review Confucian beliefs – what’s important?
What qualities did government officials have during the Han Dynasty?
You will be writing a resume for an imaginary person seeking a job in the Han government. You must provide details in the resume regarding the person’s education, family connections, and other qualifications
MAKE SURE YOU REVIEW WHAT QUALIFICATIONS WERE NEEDED TO OBTAIN A POSITION IN THE HAN GOVERNMENT
When you are finished, exchange your resume with another student to determine whether they believe that resume would earn them a job in the Han government

54. Section 5: How did Farming and Manufacturing improve the Han Dynasty?
Became master ironworkers
Made iron swords and armor that made the army more powerful
Made iron plows and the wheelbarrow to increase farming productivity
Silk- the method for making it was very hush- hush and was expensive!

55. How did Trade improve?
People outside of China valued Chinese goods such as silk and pottery
Gaining more territory in Central Asia helped trade because it presented more opportunities to trade items such as silk
In return, the Chinese received better horses
The creation of the Silk Road also improved trade

56. The Silk Road
Most silk trade went overland by the Silk Road- network of trade routes that stretched 4000 miles to the Mediterranean
The Road began to be used b/w 200 and 100 BC
China began to trade with the West and the Roman Empire
Silk, spices, tea, and porcelain were carried over in return for gold, silver, precious stones, and horses
Travel was difficult because of the heavy loads, geography, possibility of theft, and weather

57. Map of the Silk Road

58. How did Buddhism come to China?
Ideas were exchanged along with trade items
Buddhist ideas came to China around 100 BC
Han dynasty became unstable at this time and Buddhism offered hope (sound familiar?)
Offered rebirth and relief from suffering
Buddhists used Daoism to explain Buddhism
By AD 200, the emperor’s own palace had a Buddhist altar
Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion, the spread of ideas from one culture to another
Some elements of Chinese culture changed as a result of Buddhist beliefs