1. Australia as a Global Citizen
Daryl Le Cornu
Mount Annan High School

3. Some Teaching Ideas
Students to do research using texts and online resources
Individual task or group work?
Students give presentations to class using ICT?
Prepare students to write to a scaffold knowing key facts in each area
Debate Australia’s role as global citizen

4. Is Australia ‘punching above its weight’ as a global citizen?

5. Punching above our own weight?
What does this mean?
This term was used a few years ago to describe Australia’s role in the world as a ‘middle power’.

6. What is a middle power?
a term used in the field of international relations to describe states that are not superpowers or great powers, but still have large or moderate influence and international recognition.

7. Australia’s Ranking Australia leaps in economic rankings.doc
Austs_ranking.doc

8. Australia’s Self-Image
A mature democracy
Rule of law
Multicultural success story
Economically competitive
Militarily – allied to a hyper-power - USA
Politically – we seem to have some clout
Going well now but can we stand on our own in the future?

9. Punching above our own weight?
Australia impressed other nations with its swift response to the crisis in East Timor in 1999
and
in military intervention and peacekeeping in many locations in the following years.

10. Punching above our own weight?
This can be considered:
EITHER
A good thing because we are making a significant positive contribution in the world OR
A matter of concern because we are over-stretching ourselves as a nation, and cannot sustain such an effort given our population and the size and growing power of our Asian neighbours

11. Punching above our own weight?
To consider this question we need to examine in what ways that Australia has participated as a global citizen in the past.
Then…
We can consider whether Australia is involving itself in an appropriate way for a middle power today.

12. Australia as a Global Citizen
Alliances
Individuals
Treaties
Australia as a Global Citizen
Regional Organisations
United Nations
Humanitarian Relief
Peacekeeping
Military Action

13. 1. Alliances

14. ANZUS Members – Australia, New Zealand the United States Signed 1951
1st reason – originally as a US guarantee that Japan would not threaten Australia and NZ again
2nd reason – in recognition of swift Aust’n support in the Korean War (1950)
Purpose – mutual defence

15. SEATO South-East Asia Treaty Organisation Signed 1954
Purpose: to fight communism in south-east Asia - to be Asian counterpart to NATO (1949)
Members – USA, Britain, France, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan.

16. 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 2008
2. Treaties
60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 2008

17. 2. Treaties
Australia is a signatory to numerous multilateral treaties.
Here are some prominent examples:
UN Charter 1945
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
Genocide Convention 1948
Geneva Conventions 1949
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968
Convention Against Torture 1984
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 1996
Rome Statute (1998) – led to formation of International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2002
Kyoto Protocol 1997 (though not until late 2007)

18. Australia has also signed many bilateral
(between just two nations) treaties. eg
Aust-USA Free Trade Agreement 2005

19. 3. United Nations

20. UN Headquarters – New York

21. 2005 – UN 60th Anniversary

23. Former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan

24. Ban Ki-moon UN Secretary-General

25. Security Council – in the UN Building New York

28. Various UN committees

29. Australia and the United Nations
Australia had also been an enthusiastic supporter of the League of Nations from 1919
Australia a founding member of UN
Jessie Street and Dr Evatt helped draft the UN Charter
Dr HV Evatt (ALP Foreign Minister) was President of the General Assembly
Australia has been an enthusiastic supporter for most of the post-war period
Australians have been involved in the work of many of the UN’s agencies and has actively contributed to numerous peacekeeping missions

30. 4. Peacekeeping

31. East Timor
From 1999 – then with UN
Again in 2006
Again in 2008

32. Solomons - RAMSI

33. Arc of Instability
East Timor
New Guinea
Vanuatu
Solomon’s
Fiji

35. 4. Peacekeeping Most, but not all, are operations undertaken as part of the UN
Cyprus 1964
Sinai 1973
Kashmir 1976
Namibia 1979
Zimbabwe 1979
Gulf 1991
Somalia 1993
Rwanda 1994
Cambodia
East Timor 1999
Solomons 2003
East Timor 2006

36. Peacekeeping - websites

37. 5. Military Action

38. Military Action Korea 1950-53 Malaya 1955 Indonesia 1965
Australia played its part in maintaining peace and security in various
parts of the world by involvement in military actions:
Korea
Malaya 1955
Indonesia 1965
Vietnam
Gulf War 1991
Afghanistan 2001 & 2006
Iraq 2003

39. 6. Humanitarian Relief

40. Humanitarian Relief Boxing Day Tsunami 2004
Some examples of the areas in which the Australian government and non-government agencies provide relief:
Boxing Day Tsunami 2004
Earthquakes – Indonesia 2006, Turkey
Landmines
Famine
HIV/Aids

41. Humanitarian Relief For examples see:

42. Colombo Plan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_plan
Started 1951
Social development and economic aid to South-east Asian countries

43. Care Australia

44. 7. Regional Organisations

45. ASEAN
Members  
Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

46. The ASEAN Regional Forum
ASEAN Regional Forum: ██ ASEAN countries ██ Other ASEAN Regional Forum participants

47. ASEAN Regional Forum
ASEAN regularly conducts dialogue meetings with other countries and an organization, collectively known as the ASEAN dialogue partners during the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF).
The ASEAN Regional Forum is an informal multilateral dialogue of 25 members that seeks to address security issues in the Asia-Pacific region. The ARF met for the first time in 1994.
The current participants in the ARF are as follows: ASEAN, Australia, Canada, People's Republic of China, European Union, India, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, East Timor, and the United States. Bangladesh was added to ARF as the 26th member, starting from July 28, 2006.

48. APEC
The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a group of Pacific Rim countries who meet with the purpose of improving economic and political ties. It has standing committees on a wide range of issues, from communications to fisheries.
The heads of government of all APEC members meet annually in a summit called "APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting" rotating in location among APEC's member economies. APEC is famous for its tradition of having attending leaders dress in the national costume of the host nation.

49. APEC Members
Australia • Brunei Darussalam • Canada • Chile • People's Republic of China • Hong Kong, China • Indonesia • Japan • Malaysia • Mexico • New Zealand • Papua New Guinea • Peru • Philippines • Russia • Singapore • Republic of Korea • Chinese Taipei • Thailand • United States • Vietnam

50. Canberra Commission http://www.dfat.gov.au/cc/cchome.html

51. 8. Individual Australians

52. Stanley Melbourne Bruce
Ex-Australian PM
Distinguished career in League of Nations in 1930s
President of League Council during Ethiopian Crisis (1936)
One of the League’s most determined international statesmen
Bruce Report (1939) on international economic cooperation anticipated work of later Economic and Social Council of the UN
chaired World Food Council of FAO

53. Stanley Melbourne Bruce

54. Dr H. V. Evatt
Foreign Minister in Curtin and Chifley Labor governments
Leading role in creation of UN in 1945
President of UN General Assembly
Leading role in creation of the state of Israel in 1948

55. Dr H. V. Evatt

56. Jessie Street
Founding member of the League of Nations Union (Aust) in 1918
Attended League General Assemblies in 1930 and 1938
Only Australian woman delegate at the conference to create the UN in 1945
Co-founder of Un Commission on the Status of Women and Charter of Women’s rights

57. Jessie Street http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A160396b.htm

58. John Sanderson
1991 – Adviser to the Secretary General of the UN to bring peace to Cambodia
Commanded UN force (UNTAC) in Cambodia
Supervised successful elections in 1993 that ended civil war going on since 1970

59. John Sanderson

60. Gareth Evans Foreign Minister in Hawke-Keating governments
Led international community’s attempts to end Vietnamese occupation of and end civil war in Cambodia
Initiated Canberra Commission on Elimination of Nuclear Weapons 1996
Worked for UN in recent years
Involved in International Crisis Group
Promoted the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ doctrine (R2P) at the World Summit in 2005
Worked with Hans Blix on the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission
Could have been in the running for Secretary-General

61. Gareth Evans http://www.un-globalsecurity.org/bios/evans.asp

62. Richard Butler Head of UNSCOM 1997-1998 Expert on nuclear arms control
Wrote book Fatal Choice in 2002
Critic of George W. Bush Administration’s unilateralist foreign policy
Advocate of strengthening Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

63. Richard Butler

64. Helen Caldicott
Passionate campaigner against the hazards of the nuclear age for 35 years
Written numerous books on nuclear Issues
One of the influential women of the twentieth century – Smithsonian Institute
President of Nuclear Policy Research Institute in Washington DC

65. Helen Caldicott http://experts.about.com/e/h/he/Helen_Caldicott.htm

66. Steve Pratt Human rights campaigner
Humanitarian work for CARE since 1993 in Iraq, Somalia, Rwanda, Zaire and Yugoslavia
Taken prisoner in Yugoslavia in 1999
Wrote book in 2000 – Duty of Care
Speaker on international issues

67. Steve Pratt

68. Rod Barton Expert in WMDs
Member of the inspection teams in Iraq, UNSCOM and UNMOVIC
Adviser to US survey group in Iraq in 2003
Embarrased the Australian Govt by stating that he saw abuse of prisoners in Iraq and passed this info on to the Govt.

69. Rod Barton

70. Peter Cosgove
Led INTERFET peacekeeping mission into East Timor in 1999
Success of the mission made him one of the most respected and popular military leaders

71. Peter Cosgove http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove

72. James Wolfensohn President of World Bank 1995-2006
Tried to address the needs of the world’s poorest countries
1996 – launched Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC).
Advocated trust building between the Bank’s clients, NGOs and private companies

73. James Wolfensohn http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfensohn

74. Rowan Gillies
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) – Afghanistan, Sierra Leone before
MSF medical coordinator in south Sudan, then Liberia.
President of MSF Australia in January 2002
elected international president of MSF later in 2002

75. Rowan Gillies

76. Frank Lowy One of Australia’s richest businessman
Lowy Institute for International Policy - independent, non-partisan think tank
to conduct original, policy-relevant research about international political

77. Frank Lowy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lowy

78. So… Is Australia ‘punching above its weight’ as a global citizen?

79. Punching above our own weight?
How has Australia performed as a global citizen in the past?
What is Australia doing now?
What should Australia do in the future?

80. Consider the following
Know some facts on each of these areas

81. Australia as a Global Citizen
Alliances
Individuals
Treaties
Australia as a Global Citizen
Regional Organisations
United Nations
Humanitarian Relief
Peacekeeping
Military Action

82. The End