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Pharmacovigilance & Adverse Event Reporting
15-JUL Frida Bushnell Scientific Safety Advisor Global Pharmacovigilance HQ 1
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Agenda Context What will you get from this session?
Safety and Pharmacovigilance at Lundbeck Working in partnership Getting it ‘right first time’ Definitions of Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events Ensuring correct diagnosis From diagnosis to coding Identifying causality Using the study reporting tools 2
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Voting pads 3
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Context 4
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Your patients, our reputation
Why we are here: A new medicine that may help doctors and patients So far, so good, but this is still ‘something new’ Our first duty: the safety of trial participants You are our eyes and ears What we do will affect how this medicine benefits patients 5
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60 minutes, to safeguard study participants
What you will get from this presentation: How we will work together How to save time and avoid rework How to report How to use the reporting tools Opportunity to ask questions 6
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How many safety/ pharmacovigilance presentations have you been to?
Interactive question How many safety/ pharmacovigilance presentations have you been to? This is my first A few A lot Far more than you can imagine I could probably give this presentation myself 10
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How many safety/ pharmacovigilance presentations have you been to?
This is my first A few A lot Far more than you can imagine I could probably give this presentation myself 8
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Please give us your undivided attention
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Pharmacovigilance: The science of safety
Understanding and preventing adverse events by: Monitoring and reporting the use of the drug Detecting and assessing any adverse effects Assessing frequency, risk factors, levels of risk Assessing risk versus benefit 10
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Working together First point: the patient comes first
Partners in an investigative process Simplicity, accuracy and ‘right first time’ Unclear or incomplete data will be followed up Every report is followed up appropriately 11
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Getting it ‘right first time’
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Adverse events What is an Adverse Event?
Untoward, or out of place, medical event during the clinical trial Patients included when they sign the consent form Events before first administration ARE included Does not need to be caused by the drug Unchanged pre-existing conditions are not AEs 13
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Interactive question Which of the events shown should you report as an Adverse Event or Serious Adverse Event? Headache Fall, cut head, stitches required Cancer diagnosed 10
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Interactive question Which of the events shown should you report as an Adverse Event or Serious Adverse Event? 15
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Other things to note Laboratory abnormalities can also indicate an Adverse Event If the investigator believes they are clinically significant If they lead to a change or discontinuation of treatment If they fulfil a seriousness criteria If they indicate a potential safety risk to the patient 16
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Other things to note Overdose
At minimum, should be reported as an AE, stating whether intentional or accidental If intentional, please add the reason Any symptoms resulting from the overdose should also be declared as AEs Medication errors, drug abuse, drug interactions, quality issues with the drug Medical or surgical procedures The reason for the procedure should be reported as an AE 17
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Other things to note Pregnancy
Should be reported as an AE within 24 hours using the ‘Pregnancy’ form and entered as an ‘AE’ in the eCRF Any untoward event, such as spontaneous abortion, congenital anomaly or foetal death should be reported as a Serious Adverse Event Report the outcome to Lundbeck, even if study has ended 18
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What is a serious adverse event?
Death Life-threatening Results in persistent or permanent disability or incapacity Results in birth defect/ congenital anomaly Requires hospitalisation Medically important 19
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Serious adverse events
All SAEs should be reported immediately, then tracked and updated until there is an outcome: “Recovering” “Recovered” “Recovered with sequelae” “Died” “Did not recover” (for chronic conditions) 20
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Which of the following are serious adverse events?
Interactive question Which of the following are serious adverse events? Patient died after being stabbed with a knife Patient broke leg and was admitted to hospital Patient suffered anaphylactic shock Patient gave birth to a healthy baby Patient admitted for scheduled surgery to remove gall bladder 10
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Interactive question Which of the following are serious adverse events? Patient died after being stabbed with a knife Patient broke leg and was admitted to hospital Patient suffered anaphylactic shock Patient gave birth to a healthy baby Patient admitted for scheduled surgery to remove gall bladder 22
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Reporting AEs and SAEs Reports should include:
Symptoms and/or diagnosis Their intensity Cause (if known) Causality assessment Action taken Outcome Be specific about cause and sequence: “Patient took an extra tablet because he forgot the previous dose” Patient presented with an arm fracture after falling over due to dizziness” 23
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Symptoms and diagnosis
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Symptoms and diagnosis
Ensure that cumulative symptoms are reported correctly: Together, chest pain, dyspnoea, diaphoresis and ECG changes can indicate a myocardial infarction The symptoms should be reported as AEs or SAEs as they occur but should be connected when the link becomes clear 25
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Coding and why we do it 26
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Causality Is the AE or SAE linked to the study drug?
Probably: There is a reasonable time relationship between the AE/SAE and drug administration, or the AE/SAE recurs when the drug is taken again. Is unlikely to be caused by disease or other drugs. Possibly: There is a suggested time relationship between the AE/SAE and drug administration, however, it could also be caused by disease or other drugs. Not related: There is no time relationship between the AE/SAE and drug administration, or AE/SAE is caused by disease or other drugs. 27
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Interactive question None 1-3 4 or 5 6-10 More than 10
How many different CRF systems have you been trained in over the years? None 1-3 4 or 5 6-10 More than 10 10
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Interactive question How many different CRF systems have you been trained in over the years? None 1-3 4 or 5 6-10 More than 10 29
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Recording using the eCRF
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Recording using the eCRF
Our goals: Simple to use Necessary, but not excessive, data Clear purpose and subsequent outcomes Your goals: Devote adequate time CRF completion as a priority task Consistent and, where appropriate, report diagnosis instead of signs and symptoms 31
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Sample entry: reporting an AE
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Sample entry: reporting an AE
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Sample entry: reporting an AE
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Sample entry: reporting an AE
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Sample entry: reporting a sequence of linked AEs
If possible combine signs and symptoms into a single diagnosis Ensure the initially reported AEs (symptoms) are inactivated Note whether the adverse event is serious 36
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Sample entry: reporting a sequence of linked AEs
If possible combine signs and symptoms into a single diagnosis Ensure the initially reported AEs (symptoms) are inactivated Note whether the adverse event is serious 37
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Sample entry: reporting a sequence of linked AEs
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Sample entry: reporting a sequence of linked AEs
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Interactive question What should you report when a patient presents with a series of symptoms which are later linked? Report each symptom as an adverse event Report each symptom as an adverse event and the diagnosis as a serious adverse event Report each symptom as an adverse event but inactivate the initial reports when you realise that the previously reported symptoms are covered by one diagnosis 10
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Interactive question What should you report when a patient presents with a series of symptoms which are later linked? Report each symptom as an adverse event Report each symptom as an adverse event and the diagnosis as a serious adverse event Report each symptom as an adverse event but inactivate the initial reports when you realise that the previously reported symptoms are covered by one diagnosis 41
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Sample entry: narrative reports
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Sample entry: narrative reports
Narrative reports can be pasted into a free text field Give detail about the events leading to the AE Describe investigations and treatments Ensure the outcome is included A good example: On 12 October the patient was shovelling snow. The path was slippery and he fell and hit his head. He had not ingested alcohol and was not dizzy. He was hospitalised to be investigated (CT scan) and monitored for neurological injury. None was found and, on 14 October he was discharged with only a mild headache. 43
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Sample entry: reporting a sequence of linked AEs
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Sample entry: reporting a sequence of linked AEs
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Back-up procedure If it is not possible to use the eCRF, record SAEs on emergency worksheets If necessary, continue to use these for follow-up assessments and reports Send them to the contact details shown at the end Update the eCRF at the earliest opportunity 46
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Summary 47
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Summary You are our eyes and ears -- we, and the study participants, are in your hands Familiarise yourselves with the definitions of AEs and SAEs Familiarise yourselves with the reporting tools Getting it right, first time, will prevent follow-up contact and save you time There is a support network to help answer any queries 48
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Interactive question Has this session been: Unnecessary
Unnecessary Necessary but nothing new Useful Useful and engaging So good, I’d like to sit through it again right now 49
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For further information
All information in this presentation is summarised in the study protocol: Section 9, pages 47-73 Ask your CRA or international/regional study manager Ask your Safety Advisor: Contact Details: For reporting, always use the eCRF Backup options: Fax or 50
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Data Monitoring Committee (DMC)
28-JAN Frida Bushnell Scientific Safety Advisor Global Pharmacovigilance HQ 52
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DMC The Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) is an independent expert advisory group Combined DMC for 12402A (DIAS-3) study and 12649A (DIAS 4) Purpose and functions: Monitoring the safety of patients Conduct a predefined interim futility analysis when half of the patients have been evaluated in either one of the studies.
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DMC Members: 3 external experts Chairman Deputy Chairman Third member
Meetings Throughout the studies when a predefined number of patients have been enrolled and followed up for 90 days. First meeting: Feb 2010, 50 patients Second Meeting: 09 Feb 2011, 150 patients Thereafter for 250, 400, 550 and 700 patients
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DMC members Prof. Kennedy R. Lees, MD DMC Chair and Stroke Specialist
Department of Medicine Western Infirmary Glasgow, UK Dr Lawrence R. Wechsler, MD Deputy DMC Chair and Stroke Specialist University of Pittsburgh, Stroke Institute Pittsburgh, USA Dr Michael Eliasziw, PhD DMC member and Biostatistics Specialist DavLar Biostats Calgary, Canada Lundbeck personnel involved: Meredin Stoltenberg MD, PhD, DMSc DMC secretary H. Lundbeck A/S, Denmark
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