1. Chapter 13 B and
Post Jacksonian Democracy / Texas Revolution / Mexican-American War Territorial Expansion

2. ___________________ ________________ (_____________)
“The Wizard of Albany” - “yes man”, smooth talker, 1st to be born under the American Flag
Jackson doesn’t run – 70 and sick …. But still had a presence
(Spoils action in 1836 election: rigged nominating convention – put his boys in here)
Problems:
______________________________
__________________________________
(2) _______________(_____) that almost incited a war with the ___________
(3) Issues of _______________________

3. Whigs in 1836
“__________________” - various Whigs all over the country that appealed to various regions, with separate agendas (_________________) Purpose: ___________________________________ - Remember the Corrupt Bargain / this Whig action could deadlock the Electoral College and then it will go to the House…where Whigs may have a chance in 1836 Main Whig Candidate: _________________________ Hero of: ______________________________________ Henry Clay is elbowed out! Outcome: Nothing and Van Buren won in 36 “Little Magician” by no more than 25,000 votes Whigs are not happy with “machine-made” Van Buren

4. Depression and Panic of 1837
Main Causes:
_______________________________________
____________________________
_________________________
_________________________ in 1836 – _________________________-(pinched the American economy)
Products:
Whigs called for change (higher tariffs, more bank credit), but Van Buren didn’t budge – but did create the
“Divorce Bill” The Whig Party wanted to increase tariffs, but Van Buren responded with the “__________________” – federal government should separate from the banking system all together! (anti-Hamiltonian / BOUS view)
PLAN:
Setting up an “_________________________” – extra money will go into “Vaults” not banks! –
Result: create stability away from the problematic banking system
_____________________________– repealed the very next year by the ________

5. Going to Texas
WHY TEXAS?!?! (Manifest Destiny / land to grow cotton / slavery issue is raised!
Texas territory is owned by Spain
American settlers ask Spain if they could enter Texas and Spain says no
Mexico has a revolution against Spain and wins their independence in 1820 and ALLOWS American settlers to enter Texas territory.
In 1823, ____________(impresario) led families into Texas with the conditions that
__________________________ (Mexicanized)
_________________ for protection against Native Americans
they must become ______________
_____________________________________

6. Timeline 1820 - ______________________
American settlers go down to Texas (_______ ) / ______
_________________
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes _____________________
______________________ (claim and victory)
______________________(Southern state)
Conflict emerged and Texans were jailed while protesting (including Stephen Austin in Mexico City). Mexican president Santa Anna had had enough by 1835
First Battle: ____________________
(Ends in a Mexican withdrawal)
Story: Mexico loaned a cannon to Texans to fight off Native America
Attacks. Mexico wanted it back – and Texans claimed “come and take

7. ______________________________________________
Texans rebelled against Santa Anna’s orders and war begins
Santa Anna led 6,000 soldiers to the
*Texans simply said “this land is ours” and named Sam Houston (Commander in Chief)
Battle of the Alamo (_________________)
There he destroyed about 200 stubborn Texans, including William Travis (“Victory or Death”), _________________________________.
The battle cry "Remember the Alamo!“ “Death to Santa Anna” were heard across Texas.
Length: ___________/ Texans not prepared

8. San Jacinto & Velasco Turning Point of Texas Revolution:
___________________________
Led by ______________________
________________________________
(granting Texas independence)
3 products:
__________________________
____________________________________________
(3) Santa Anna signed I under distress – didn’t respect it (__________________)
Result: Republic of Texas / Lone Star Republic
*________________________

9. Santa Anna after Texas Annexation
Post Treaty of Velasco
- ______________________
- Trick: He swindled his way past the
Americans into Mexico (Under Polk’s supervision - ____________________________) and
promised to sell out his country.
- Once Santa Anna returned, he rallied his troops to fight America in the Mexican-American War

10. Texas vs. U.S. Congress Topic / issue: Texas wants to become a state!
Problem: SLAVERY!!!!!!!!! (KNOW THIS!!!!)
________ = opposed statehood & slavery
_______ = supported statehood & slavery
Others = feared war with Mexico
Congressional response: TEXAS WILL NOT BE STATE, but will become the
****LONE STAR REPUBLIC (leader: ________)
Independence of Texas in 1836 (new president – Van Buren)
Texas becomes an actual state in 1845 (slavery is extended)
Texas is an independent country / UNITED STATES wants it (gets it with POLK)
Mexico reacts = ANGRY!!!!!!

11. 1840 Presidential Election
Van Buren – _________________
William Henry Harrison (Whigs) from Ohio (winner)
Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle of the Thames
Supported because he is
__________________
“Tippecanoe, and Tyler too”
2 mains products of the 1840 elections
__________________________________
_______________________________ (Dem. And Whigs)
Democrats – states rights (true Republic)
Whigs – renewed BOUS, internal improvements, public schools and prisons, moral reforms like
(a) Temperance and (b) Prohibition
and the (c) abolition of slavery
_______________________________________________– peaceful border in Maine area between America and the British

12. Manifest Destiny God-given right to move West!
Purpose: Expand Westward toward the
(1) __________________
(2) __________________
Goals to spread:
____________________
MORE LAND!

14. Native American Opinion / European ideology / Justification of Manifest Destiny
I think that one of the things that happens in the process of conquest, the people of military power who conquer another people, is that, it stimulates a certain pattern of thought. It’s a very ethnocentric, European ideology, the ideology of the ideal. The Americans are now thinking that they are at the top of, at the forefront of the project of civilization. And the only thing that counts as legitimate are those things that contribute to its idea of progress. And of course Indians are not perceived to be civilized, or part of the story of progress. They were an obstacle, you had to clear them away, then you had progress. So what they called the movement west was, Manifest Destiny. Now there was a utopian ideology if ever there was one. What’s underlying that is the idea that God, or some power had designated this group of people to sweep across the continent. It’s their destiny to do this, and anything that stands in their way, like the idea that other people already own this land, have their own societies, in order to do it, you have to commit crimes against humanity. In other words, you feel you are justified in killing in order to carry out what must be what God, or whatever you want to call it, has ordained. John Mohawk, Ph. D. Professor of American Studies SUNY Buffalo

16. GOING WEST Why go West??? *Oregon Trail*
- _________________: (a religious family) Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, Narcissa, set up mission schools to spread religion (____________________ and to teach them medical services.)
Whitman Massacre: Measles epidemic break out and the local tribe’s people died and the white people did not. The Whitman's’ are blamed and murdered (with 12 other white missionaries) by the local tribe and the mission was burned down

17. _____________ _____________________(________________________)
(2) ________________________________ (1845)
(3) _________________________________ (1848)
OREGON COUNTRY: “JOINT OCCUPATION” (post Treaty of Ghent)
(U.S. and Britain) Why:
***1844 Presidential Election***
James K. Polk’s wanted
the “entire” area of __________ to be annexed
into the Union
***** ___________________________*****
Polk’s SLOGAN for Oregon
54 40 – latitude (Southern tip of Alaska)
*Land above 49 degree line in infertile / given
To the British

18. Polk’s Goals
(1) _______ ( _________ Tariff = lowered it from 32% to 25%) (2) _________________the independent treasury (vaults) that the Whigs denied under Harrison (3) Get ________________ (4) Get ________________ (whole)

19. POLK WANTS CALIFORNIA
Sends ______________ (1845) to Mexico with $25 million to offer to Santa Anna for Mexico.
Santa Anna turns him away
Polk takes action
- sends U.S. troops to the Rio Grande River (_________) to fight Mexico….Santa Anna argues that the Rio Grande River was NOT the border
Reasons:
____________________= Future Gateway to the Pacific
Britain wanted to seize California – direct violation of the Monroe Doctrine (1823)

20. MEXICAN – AMERICAN WAR (____________________)
U.S. = border was ______________
Mexico = border was ______________
***********Cause of War with Mexico =
Boundary Issues lead to the
MEXICAN WAR ( )
(U.S. vs. Mexico)
*Mexican War and Texas Revolution –
two separate events
BOUNDARIES
*Jackson tells cabinet: May 9, 1846
Fighting Mexico based on:
_________________________
Santa Anna crosses the Rio Grande
(makes him the aggressor)
April 25, 1846
“American blood is shed on American soil” – Polk
Response from Lincoln (Illinois Whig) – _________________________
*** Disputed Area: ____________________________________________

21. 3 goals of the Mexican-American War
1st goal: _________________
___________________(Long Marcher) – marched from New Mexico to San Diego to claim California for the U.S. – tried to rid California of Mexican soldiers
__________________________
1, 700 soldiers from Ft. Leavenworth on the Santa Fe Trail
Helper – John C. Fremont
2nd goal: _______________(Hero: Zachary Taylor – ________________(1847) / blocks Rio Grande)
3rd goal: __________________________(Hero: Winfield Scott and Nicholas Trist)
* Trist and Polk work out a deal with Santa Anna (Armistice for $10,000)

22. What OFFICIALLY ends the Mexican War?????
******_________________________********
(1) _________________________
(2)Rio Grande River will be the __________ between United States and Mexico
(3) _______________(established the southeastern part of U.S.)
*$_____________
Legacy of Mexican-American War:
________________________________________________
*remember: Monroe Doctrine

23. _________________(1853) *******MAIN PURPOSE**********
To build a _____________________from New Orleans the Pacific Ocean
Guidelines:
Congress spent an
additional $10 million
for a small strip of land to in order to
“build a railroad and
complete the continental U.S.”

24. Gadsden Purchase Secretary of War: ___________hired
James Gadsden to build the Railroad
*Location of Railroad: ____________
*Location of Gadsden Purchase:
____________________________
- __________Northern border (size of SC)
***Causes a lot of tension between the
North and South (come up later in ‘54)

25. Slavery Issue in New Land
Congressman __________proclaims his
“_______________” – any land purchased or won as a result of the Mexican-American War shall be CLOSED to slavery
SLAVERY IS THE MAIN ISSUE!!!!!

26. 1803-1853 Territorial Expansion
Directions:
Rank AND defend 2 pieces of land based on how beneficial it was to America. Pick 2 more pieces of land and explain how ineffective it was to the success of American growth. Your choices should honor given events, themes, characters and issues at the time they were acquired. Total = 4 areas
2 = Most beneficial and 2 = Least beneficial
1803 Louisiana Purchase
1818 Upper Peace Treaty with Britain
1819 Spanish Cession / Adams – Onis Treaty
1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty
1845 Texas Annexation
1846 Oregon Territory
1848 Mexican Cession
1853 Gadsden Purchase