1. Imperialism
Susan M. Pojer and Lynne Pierce

2. Who was doing it?

3. to practice imperialism?
Why would a nation want
to practice imperialism?

4. Commercial/Business Interests
US Foreign Trade:

5. 2. Military/Strategic Interests
US maintains bases in other countries

6. Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Great nations have great navies
Navies need safe ports to receive supplies and rest

7. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The Hierarchy of Race
The White Man’s Burden

8. Mission Church in Hawaii American Missionaries in China, 1905
4. Religious/Missionary Interests
Mission Church in Hawaii
American Missionaries in China, 1905

9. 5. The frontier theory

10. 6. Jingoism – nationalism out of control

11. Japan

12. Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of Commodore Perry
US forces Japan to open to world trade

13. Alaska

14. “Seward’s Folly” or “Icebox: 1867
$7.2 million

15. America as a Pacific Power

16. Other Pacific claims Baker Island Howland Island Christmas Island
Palmyra Island
Jarvis Island
Wake Island

17. Hawaii:
"Crossroads
of the
Pacific"

18. U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
Kamehameha III – 1st Christian Hawaiian king
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

19. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

20. Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 through economic treaties.
U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in through economic treaties.

21. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.
Hawaii annexed in 1898

22. A shot gun wedding for Hawaii

23. Cuba
The US had wanted to take it for years

24. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

25. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
Hearst to Frederic Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
William Randolph Hearst

26. Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

27. De Lôme Letter Spanish Ambassador to the U.S.
Criticized President McKinley as weak, cowardly and incapable of leading the US

28. Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!

29. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy under McKinley
Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to fight in Cuba

30. Spanish-American War
1898
“That splendid little war”

31. How prepared was the US for war?
The Spanish-American War (1898):
US rifle
Spanish rifle
How prepared was the US for war?

32. The “Rough Riders”

33. Heroes of San Juan Hill??
By Fredric Remington
By Kurz and Allison

34. The
Philippines

35. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War”

36. Dewey Captures Manila!

37. Emilio Aguinaldo July 4, 1946: Philippine independence
Leader of the Filipino Uprising.
July 4, 1946: Philippine independence

38. William H. Taft, 1st Gov-General of the Philippines
Great administrator.

39. American Views of the Philippines

40. Philippine Insurrection

41. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam.
The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines.
The U. S. becomes an imperial power!

42. The American Anti-Imperialist League
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie,and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.
Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.

43. Our “Sphere of Influence”

44. Cuban Independence? Senator Orville Platt
Platt Amendment (1903)
Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence.
The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. (protectorate)
Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.
Senator Orville Platt

45. DILEMMA--Did
U. S. citizenship
follow the flag??

46. Puerto
Rico

47. Puerto Rico: 1898 1900 1901-1903  the Insular Cases.
PR became an “unincorporated territory.”
Citizens of PR, not of the US.
 the Insular Cases.
Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions.
Congress had the power to decide these rights.

48. Puerto Rico: 1898
1917 –
Gave full territorial status to PR. (commonwealth)
PRs elects their own legislators & governor to enforce local laws.
PRs can NOT vote in US presidential elections.
A resident commissioner is sent to Washington to vote for PR in the House.

49. The Imperialist Tailor

50. Spreading the flag

51. Uncle Sam Joins the Club

52. China

53. China divided by the outsiders Where are the Americans?
Spheres of influence – area where another country has political & economic control

54. The Open Door Policy
Gave all nations equal access to trade in China
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power

55. The Open Door Policy

56. The Boxer Rebellion:1900

57. America as a Pacific Power
Area of US involvement

58. America as a Carib-bean Power

59. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s

60. Big Stick Diplomacy
US prevents intervention in Venezuela

61. Panama

62. Panama: The King’s Crown
1903  Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty
Dr. Walter Reed – yellow fever cure

63. Revolt in Panama Could this be why Columbia is willing to sell us drugs?

64. Making the dirt fly

65. TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)
Panama Canal
TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

66. Extending the Monroe Doctrine

67. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may …ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, …to the exercise of an international police power .

68. US Virgin Islands purchased to guard the canal

69. Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

70. America's
New
Role

71. The Cares of a Growing Family

72. Constable of the World

73. An emerging power

74. Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy

75. The Great White Fleet: 1907

76. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financial opportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas.
Use troops to enforce our position if necessary

77. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should be the conscience of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.

78. Mexico

79. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Emiliano Zapata
Mexico was torn for years by fighting among factions who want to control the country
Venustiano Carranza
Argentina Brazil Chile Powers
Porfirio Diaz
Francisco I Madero

80. Searching for Banditos
General John J. Pershing with Pancho Villa in 1914.

82. Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”

83. The look of US imperialism today