1. Bodily Responses To Stress
The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis
The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis
Bodily Responses To Stress
The Nervous System

2. What is stress, and what does it do to us?
( discovery channel police man)

3. Brain Spinal cord The nervous system CNS (central nervous system)
PNS (peripheral
SNS (somatic
ANS (autonomic
Sympathetic
arousal
(involuntary)
Parasympathetic
Sensory and motor
nerves (voluntary)
Brain
Spinal cord

4. The Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Brain
Spinal Chord
Autonomic Nervous System
[Muscles]
Somatic
Nervous System
[Bones]
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

5. Sympathetic Nervous System
The Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
The Sympathetic Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for the SAM Response to Stress.
It is responsible for Physical Arousal of the body when dominant (due to a Stressor).

6. Parasympathetic Nervous System
The Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
The Parasympathetic Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for Counteracting the SAM Response to a Stressor.
It is responsible for Relaxation and Energy Conservation.

7. The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis
SAM – The Immediate Response to a Stressor.
The Hypothalamus:
Activates the Sympathetic Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System - ANS.
This sends Neuron-Messages to the Inner Core of the Adrenal Gland, the Adrenal Medulla.
This results in the secretion of Adrenaline and Nor-adrenaline.

8. Hypothalamus
Part of the brain!

9. The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis
SAM – The Immediate Response to a Stressor.
The Results of Adrenaline and Nor-Adrenaline
Adrenaline and Nor-Adrenaline are released into the Bloodstream.
This causes the Fight or Flight Response.
Physiological changes occur such as:
Increased Oxygen & Glucose to Brain & Muscles
Increased Heart Rate
Deeper Respiration
Dilating Pupils
Digestion Suppression

10. The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis
The Hypothalamus
The ANS
Activates
Causes
The Adrenal Medulla
To Release…
Adrenaline and Nor-Adrenaline

11. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis
HPA – The Long Term Response to a Stressor.
The Hypothalamus:
Activates the Pituitary Gland.
This causes ACTH [Stress Hormone] to be released.
This stimulates the Outer Edge of the Adrenal Gland, the Adrenal Cortex.
This allows the production of Glucocorticoids – Glucose and Cortisol.

12. Hypothalamus
Part of the brain!

13. Pituitary Gland
An endocrine gland!

14. Adrenal Cortex Adrenal cortex
(remember it by thinking of it as the ‘covering’ layer of the adrenal gland!
Adrenal Cortex
An endocrine gland!

15. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis
HPA – The Long Term Response to a Stressor.
The Results of Glucose and Cortisol
Glucocorticoids are released into the Liver to release stored Glucose.
This causes the Immune System to be suppressed.
Other Effects Include:
✓ Heightened and Maintainable Energy Supply
✓ Lower Pain Sensitivity
✗ Lower Immune Response
✗ High Blood Pressure

16. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis
The Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Activates
Causes the Release of…
Adrenal Cortex
ACTH
Which Acts on…
To Release…
Cortisol and Glucose