1. AKS 47: World War II
Chapter 32 – Pages

2. Early Challenges to World Peace Sept
Early Challenges to World Peace Sept. 1931: Japan Invades Manchuria; Withdraws from League of Nations
World Reaction?:
W. nations did not want to get involved b/c they had their own problems to deal with
Result:
Continue aggression

4. Early Challenges to World Peace Oct. 1935: Italy invades Ethiopia
World Reaction?:
League of Nations ordered sanctions against Italy
Refused to sell them weapons, continued to sell them oil
Refused to get involved for fear of another conflict
Result:
Italy defeated Ethiopia

6. Early Challenges to World Peace
July 1936:
Spanish Civil War Begins
March 1936:
German troops occupy Rhineland
Oct. 1936
Hitler & Mussolini sign Rome-Berlin Axis
July 1937:
Japan invades China

7. Early Challenges to World Peace Sept. 1938: Munich Conference
Hitler promised British Prime Minister Chamberlain he would leave Europe alone if given Sudetenland (appeasement)

8. Early Challenges to World Peace Sept. 1938: Munich Conference
Oct – Germany occupies Sudetenland
6 Months Later – Takes all of Czechoslovakia – clear at this point appeasement won’t work

9. Early Challenges to World Peace Aug
Early Challenges to World Peace Aug. 1939: Hitler & Stalin sign Nazi-Soviet Pact
Advantages for Hitler:
Removal of threat of attack from the east
Division of Poland
Advantages for Stalin:
Takeover of Finland & Baltic countries
Safety from German attack

10. Early Challenges to World Peace Sept. 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland
Hitler’s Strategy:
Blitzkrieg – “lightning war”
Use fast-moving mechanized weapons
Planes, Tanks, Artillery, Infantry – all at ONCE!!!
Poland fell in ONE month!

11. Early Challenges to World Peace Sept
Early Challenges to World Peace Sept. 3, 1939: Britain & France Declare War on Germany
WORLD
WAR II
OFFICIALLY
BEGINS!!!

13. The European Campaign April 1940: Hitler invades Denmark & Norway; Heads for France
Hitler’s Plan:
Pave a way to France & distract Allies by invading Holland, Belgium, & Luxembourg, then send massive force through the Ardennes Forest

14. The European Campaign June 1940: France Surrenders
What Happened at Dunkirk?:
Britain rescued Allied soldiers stranded at Dunkirk & ferried them to safety across the English Channel

15. The European Campaign July 1940: Battle of Britain
What Happened?:
German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed British cities for 3 months
Goal: Hitler wanted to destroy British morale before invading
Outcome:
RAF fighters & British resistance forced Germany to call off the attack – Hitler could be stopped!

16. The European Campaign Sept. 1940 Feb. 1941
Italy moves to seize Egypt & Suez Canal
Feb. 1941
Hitler sends Gen. Rommel to help Italian troops seize Egypt & Suez Canal

17. The European Campaign June 1941: Hitler Invades Soviet Union
Why?:
Hitler wanted the territory
Felt his army was capable of fighting a war on two fronts (Eastern Front in USSR & and Western in France)

18. Warm-Up

19. The European Campaign July 1942: Battle of El Alamein
What Happened?:
Gen. Montgomery vs. Gen. Rommel
Forced Rommel and his forces to retreat westward from Egypt
Operation Torch: Gen. Eisenhower arrived with American troops in N. Africa

21. The European Campaign July 1942: Battle of El Alamein
Result:
Trapped Rommel’s forces b/w American & British & finally defeated Rommel’s Afrika Korps

22. The European Campaign July 1942-Feb.1943: Battle of Stalingrad
Outcome:
Hitler attacked, Soviets eventually put German forces on defensive with Soviets pushing them westward

23. The European Campaign July 1942-Feb.1943: Battle of Stalingrad
Comparison to Napoleon:
In both invasions, Russia’s terrible winter & its strategy of destroying everything in the enemy’s path created severe hardships for the invaders

24. The European Campaign Sept. 1943: Invasion of Italy
Outcome:
Resulted in Allied conquest of Sicily & forced eventual surrender of Italy

25. The European Campaign
Nov.-Dec. 1943
Tehran Conference

26. Tehran Conference When?
November 28-December 1, 1943

27. Tehran Conference Members Present?
Franklin Roosevelt (USA)
Winston Churchill (Britain)
Joseph Stalin (USSR)

28. Tehran Conference Purpose of Meeting?
Coordinate military strategy against Germany & Japan
Decide on important issues of post-WWII era

29. Tehran Conference What was decided?
Coordination of D-Day invasion
Poland’s post-war borders
First discussions about splitting up Germany into zones of occupation
First discussions of the future United Nations between Stalin & FDR
*Many issues left for final decisions at later conferences

30. The European Campaign June 6, 1944: D-Day Invasion
Outcome:
800,000 Allies landed at Normandy Beach
Opened a 2nd front in Europe
Led to liberation of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, & much of Netherlands from Nazi occupation

31. The European Campaign Dec. 1944: Battle of the Bulge
Outcome:
German’s final attack in Ardennes Forest
Patton marched his army 100 miles in 2 days & attacked w/ 3 division to save the line
Resulted in heavy losses for Hitler

32. The European Campaign
Feb. 1945:
Yalta Conference

33. Yalta Conference When?
February 4-11, 1945

34. Yalta Conference Members Present?
Franklin Roosevelt (USA)
Winston Churchill (Britain)
Joseph Stalin (USSR)

35. Yalta Conference Purpose of Meeting?
Make final decisions about the end of the war

36. Yalta Conference What was decided?
Divide Germany into 4 zones controlled by Allied military forces
Germany must pay the USSR
Stalin agreed to join war against Japan 90 days after end of war in Europe
Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe

37. The European Campaign April 1945: Leaders Fall
Italy:
Mussolini captured & killed by Italians
USA:
April 12: President Roosevelt dies & Vice-President Harry Truman becomes President
Germany:
April 30: Hitler & other top Nazis commit suicide

38. The European Campaign May 8, 1945: V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
Germany surrenders
July-Aug. 1945
Potsdam Conference

39. Warm-Up

40. Pacific Campaign Dec. 7, 1941: Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor
What Happened?
Japanese launched surprise attack sinking or damaging almost the entire U.S. Pacific fleet – used kamikazes (suicide pilots)

41. Pacific Campaign Dec. 7, 1941: Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor
Outcome of the Attack?
U.S. declares war on Japan

42. Pacific Campaign Dec. 1941-May 1942: Battle of the Philippines
What Happened?
Japan invaded Philippine Islands
Filipinos & U.S. under Gen. Douglas MacArthur defended the islands
General Douglas MacArthur

43. Pacific Campaign Dec. 1941-May 1942: Battle of the Philippines
Outcome/Significance of the Battle?
Japan wins
Perseverance of U.S. & Filipino defense delayed Japanese attacks on other areas

44. Pacific Campaign Fall of Southeast Asian Colonies
What Happened?
Through a planned series of attacks, Japan seized control of rich European colonies
Ex: French Indochina, British Hong Kong
Significance of the Attack?
Helped Japan replenish depleted resources

45. Pacific Campaign April 1942: Doolittle’s Raid on Japan
What Happened?
As revenge for Pearl Harbor, U.S. sent 16 B-25 bombers to bomb Japanese cities, mainly Tokyo

46. Pacific Campaign April 1942: Doolittle’s Raid on Japan
Significance of the Attack?
Showed that Japan could be attacked
Raised American morale

47. Pacific Campaign May 1942: Battle of the Coral Sea
What Happened?
Following interception of Japanese attack on Port Moresby, Japanese & American naval fleets fought to a draw (nobody won)

48. Pacific Campaign May 1942: Battle of the Coral Sea
Significance of the Battle?
Introduced a new kind of naval warfare using only airplanes
Stopped Japan’s expansion southward

49. Pacific Campaign June 1942: Battle of Midway
What Happened?
American carrier planes defeated Japanese fleet poised to attack Midway Island, a key American airfield

50. Pacific Campaign June 1942: Battle of Midway
Significance of the Battle?
Reversed the tide of the war in the Pacific

51. Pacific Campaign Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943: Battle of Guadalcanal
What Happened?
U.S. Marines, with Australian support, seized Japanese airfield & fought on land & sea for control of island

52. Pacific Campaign Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943: Battle of Guadalcanal
Significance of the Battle?
Forced Japan to abandon island
Began MacArthur’s island-hopping counterattack
Take one island at a time, use it for a base

53. Pacific Campaign Oct. 1944: Battle of Leyte Gulf
Wiped out Japanese Navy

54. Pacific Campaign Feb.-March 1945: Battle of Iwo Jima
 U.S. Marines raise the Stars and Stripes after their victory at Iwo Jima

55. Pacific Campaign March-June 1945: Battle of Okinawa
Resulted in heavy losses for Japanese
Moved Allies closer to an invasion of Japanese homeland

56. Pacific Campaign Aug. 1945: Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Aug. 6: Truman decides to drop bomb on Hiroshima (attempt to save lives)

57. Pacific Campaign Aug. 1945: Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Aug. 9: Second bomb dropped on Nagasaki
Aug. 10: VJ-Day (Victory in Japan) – Japan surrenders!!

58. Warm-Up

59. The Holocaust Who…? …were the victims of the Holocaust?
Non-Aryan peoples, primarily Jews, but also Gypsies, Slavs, etc.

60. The Holocaust Who…? …were members of the “master race”? Aryans
The signs read:
“Germans! Defend Yourselves! Do not buy from Jews!”

61. The Holocaust What…? …were the Nuremberg Laws?
German laws depriving Jews of rights to citizenship & jobs

62. The Holocaust What…? …happened on the night of November 9, 1938?
On Kristallnacht, the Nazis launched a violent attack on Jewish communities all over Germany

63. The Holocaust What…? …was Hitler’s “Final Solution”?
Systematic killing of entire groups of people, particularly Jews, whom the Nazis saw as inferior

64. The Holocaust Where…?
…did German Jews try to migrate to find safety from Nazi terror?
France, Britain, USA, & other countries

65. The Holocaust Where…?
…were Jews forced to live in German-controlled cities?
In ghettos – segregated Jewish areas

66. The Holocaust Where…? …were the concentration camps?
Mainly in Germany & Poland

67. The Holocaust Why…?
…did Hitler believe that Jews & other “subhumans” had to be exterminated?
To protect the purity of the Aryan race

68. The Holocaust Why…? …did the Germans build extermination camps?
To carry out mass murders in huge gas chambers

69. The Holocaust When…? …did the final stage of the Final Solution begin?
Early 1942

70. The Holocaust How…?
…did non-Jewish people try to save Jews from the horrors of Nazism?
By hiding Jews in their homes or helping them escape to neutral countries
 Anne Frank

71. The Holocaust How…? …many Jews died in the Holocaust?
Approximately 6,000,000

72. Nuremberg Trials
Nazis put on trial for crimes against humanity (events of Holocaust)
Goal was to punish Nazi officials using a democratic system

73. Japanese Internment Camps in the United States
Japanese-Americans placed in camps
Why? – feared they were enemies or spies after bombing at Pearl Harbor

74. Warm-Up

75. Potsdam Conference When?
July 17-August 2, 1945

76. Potsdam Conference Members Present?
THE BIG THREE
Harry Truman (USA)
Joseph Stalin (USSR)
Winston Churchill & later Clement Attlee (Britain)

77. Potsdam Conference Purpose of Meeting?
Clarify agreements from Yalta

78. Potsdam Conference What was decided?
Potsdam Declaration
Unconditional surrender of Japan
Japanese disarmament, establishment of democratic government
Postwar European borders (especially Poland)

80. Formation of the United Nations The Beginning
Stalin & FDR secretly discussed ideas for U.N. at Tehran Conference
1944: Britain, China, USSR, & met in D.C. & drafted the 1st charter

81. Formation of the United Nations First Meeting
April 1945 in San Francisco
Delegates from 50 nations worked for 2 months to develop the official charter

82. Formation of the United Nations Details & Purpose
Purpose: peacekeeping organization designed to protect its members against aggression
Permanent Members of Security Council:
USA, Britain, USSR, France, China

83. Marshall Plan for Europe Who…?
…proposed the plan?
U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall

84. Marshall Plan for Europe When…?
…did he propose the plan?
1947

85. Marshall Plan for Europe What…?
…did he propose the U.S. needed to do?
Give aid to needy European countries
Provide food, machinery, & other materials to rebuild Western Europe & stop Soviet expansion
Truman signs Marshall Plan 

86. MacArthur’s Plan for Japan Demilitarization
Disbanded Japanese armed forces
Left Japanese with small police force

87. MacArthur’s Plan for Japan Democratization
Created a gov’t elected by the people
Set up a constitutional monarchy b/c Japanese wanted to keep emperor

88. MacArthur’s Plan for Japan Other Reforms
Land ownership was expanded
Independent labor unions had the right to form
Increase participation of workers & farmers in new democracy