1. Psychology This Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Human intelligence
The basics
Memento Memory Quiz
Tuesday
IQ testing
Finish of semester materials
Wednesday
Review guide
Thursday
Review

2. Psychology Today Intelligence Memento What is it?
What’s is the History of IQ testing
Who’s who?
Memento
Memory/IQ challenge
(Memento Test)

3. Human Intelligence
The IQ and You

4. A Challenge
Find the answer that best matches the stem pair in the analogy. SEDATIVE :: DROWSINESS
A. epidemic : contagiousness
B. vaccine : virus
C. laxative : drug
D. anesthetic : numbness
E. therapy : psychosis
Answer: D

5. A Challenge
Rearrange the following letters to make a word and choose the category in which it fits.
"FADLOFDI"
A. city
B. fruit
C. flower
D. vegetable
Answer: C “Daffodil” is a flower

6. A Challenge
Which one of the sets of letters below can be arranged into a five letter English word.
A. a t r u n
B. p o d e b
C. t e c a r
D. m o h a t
E. e t l r n
Answer: C “cater”

7. What factors may determine how well you answered the previous questions?

8. Psychology What is Intelligence?
What are some modern views on intelligence?
What is the history of intelligence testing?
What is an IQ?
What are some modern day facts about intelligence?

9. Defining Intelligence
Global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment
Intelligence- at the Core
General Mental Abilities (g-factor)
-Reasoning
Problem solving
Knowledge
Memory
Successful adaptation to one’s surroundings

10. Howard Gardner American Psychologist and Educator
Modern view on intelligence
Gardner argues that there is both a biological and cultural basis for the multiple intelligences.
7 total intelligences
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
“Intelligent behavior does not arise from a single unitary quality of the mind, but rather that different kinds of intelligence are generated from separate metaphorical pools of mental energy.”

11. More recent view on intelligence

12. How is Intelligence Measured?
IQ testing:
The good, the bad, the…… outdated?

13. Alfred Binet 1899 Child Psychologist/Educator France
1900’s French law states mandatory for all students between 6 and 14 to attend school daily
Even the mentally disabled
"What should be the test given to children thought to possibly have learning disabilities, that might place them in a special classroom?"

14. Testing Intelligence
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB5):
Widely used individual intelligence test, derived directly from Alfred Binet’s first intelligence test; for ages 2-90!
SB5 Measure
Fluid Reasoning
Knowledge
Quantitative Reasoning
Visual-Spatial Processing
Working Memory

15. SB5- Fluid Reasoning
What comes next in the series above?

16. SB5- Knowledge
Why is yeast added to bread dough? What does cryptic mean? What is silly or impossible about this picture?

17. SB5- Quantitative Reasoning
If a shirt is being sold for 30% of it’s original price and the price tag is $60, what is the cost of the shirt?

18. SB5- Visual-Spatial Processing
Standard
Responses
Which two circles contains configuration of blocks
identical to the one in the circle at left?

19. SB5- Working Memory
Memorize the following list of numbers:

20. Write down the numbers in order.

21. Now, try again…

22. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Intelligence index; mental age divided by chronological age, then multiplied by 100
Average IQ in the USA is 100
Chronological Age: Person’s age in years
Mental Age: Average intellectual performance
MA/CA X 100 = IQ

23. More IQ Terms Deviation IQ:
Scores based on a person’s relative standing in his or her age group; how far above or below average a person’s score is, relative to other scores
IQ scores are not very dependable until a child reaches age 6
Terminal Decline: Abrupt decline in measured IQ about 5 years before death

24. David Wechsler American Psychologist 1939 New York
Wechsler Adult/Children Intelligence Scales (WAIS) (WICS)

25. Wechsler Scales Performance Intelligence: Verbal Intelligence:
Nonverbal intelligence;
measured by solving puzzles, completing pictures, and assembling objects
Verbal Intelligence:
Language intelligence;
measured by answering questions involving vocabulary, information, arithmetic, and other language-oriented tasks
“Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environment (Wechsler, 1944, p. 3).”

27. Wechsler Tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-Third Edition (WAIS-III): Adult intelligence test that rates verbal and performance intelligence and abilities
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III): Downscaled version of the WAIS-III; for children aged 6 years to 16 years 11 months, 30 days
SB5 is better suited for children and adolescents
WISC-IV to be published in 2003

28. Good Intelligence Tests
Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
Good Intelligence Tests
Characteristics -
Standardization
Objectivity – no bias
Culture-Fair Test: Test designed to minimize importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others
Norms based on large sample of general population
Reliability – same results time after time
Test-Retest: Give test to a large group, then give exactly the same test to same group later
Split-Half: Making sure scores on one-half of a test match the scores on the other half
Validity – measures what it is supposed to measure
Predictive validity

29. Fig. 11. 10 The following sample items are from a culture-fair test. 1
Fig The following sample items are from a culture-fair test Which pattern is different from the remaining four? Which of the five figures on the right would properly continue the three on the left_that is, fill in the blank? Which of the figures on the right should go in the square on the left to make it look right? At left, the dot is outside the square and inside the circle. In which of the figures on the right could you put a dot outside the square and inside the circle? ( (Courtesy of R.B. Cattell).
Answers: 1-3, 2-5, 3-2, 4-3

30. Intelligence Battle of the Sexes Psychology Today
From Test Taker to Test Maker

31. Intelligence Facts & Stats

32. Fig.11.4 The stability or reliability of IQ scores increases rapidly in early childhood. Scores are very consistent from early adulthood to later middle age. (Source: Schuerger & Witt, 1989.)
Fig.11.4 The stability or reliability of IQ scores increases rapidly in early childhood. Scores are very consistent from early adulthood to later middle age. (Source: Schuerger & Witt, 1989.)

33. Normal Distribution - The distribution of scores (commonly called IQ scores) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale follows an approximately normal curve, an average distribution of values. The test is regularly adjusted so that the median score is 100—that is, so that half of the scores fall above 100, and half fall below.

34. Relative mean intelligence scores
Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
Intelligence scores of individuals born in different years but tested at the same age
1940
1950
Relative mean intelligence scores
1970
1980
1990
105
1960
1930
110
115
120
100
Year data collected

35. Genetic Influences
Similarity of
intelligence
scores
(correlation)
Identical
twins
reared
together
apart
Fraternal
Siblings
Unrelated
individuals
The most genetically similar people have the most similar scores

36. Importance of IQ Scores
Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
Importance of IQ Scores
Modern society
Persons with higher IQ scores do better in educational achievement, and obtain higher paying employment
Average truck driver – IQ under 100
Average doctor or lawyer – IQ is 125 or more
High correlation between educational and occupational success

37. Race-Ethnic Differences
Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
Race-Ethnic Differences
Intelligence and achievement since 1930s
African American scores average 15 points below whites
Hispanic/Latino Americans average scores fall between those of whites and African Americans
Asian Americans average 5 points higher than scores of whites

38. Race-Ethnic Differences
Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
Race-Ethnic Differences
Large increases in IQ since 1930s due to
Lives of African Americans have improved (more opportunities in education and life)
Less children born benefit from family size
Changes in health and nutrition
Bell curve
– U.S. becoming meritocracy
Society headed toward genetic decline

39. Extremes in Intelligence
Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
Extremes in Intelligence
Mental retardation – IQ of 70 or below
Wide range of conditions resulting from genetics, trauma, and maternal infections
Mildly retarded – IQ of 50 to 70
Moderately retarded – IQ of 35 to 49
Severely retarded – IQ of 20 to 34
Profoundly retarded – IQ under 20
Gifted – high IQ and high creativity
High achievers and highly successful in life

40. Organic Causes of Mental Retardation
Related to physical disorders
Birth Injuries: Lack of oxygen during delivery
Fetal Damage: Congenital problem; prenatal damage from disease, infection, or drug use by the mother
Metabolic Disorders: Disorder in metabolism; affects energy use and production in the body
Genetic Abnormalities: Abnormality in the genes, such as missing genes, extra genes, or defective genes

41. Types of Organic Causes
Phenylketonuria (PKU):
Genetic disease in which the child lacks an important enzyme. Allows phenylpyruvic acid to accumulate in the body
If untreated, severe retardation may occur by age 3
Routine medical tests at birth can detect PKU
Treat with phenylalanine-free diet (found, for example, in Aspartame, known as Nutrasweet)

42. More Organic Causes of Mental Retardation
Microcephaly:
Head and brain are abnormally small; brain is forced to develop in a limited space
Hydrocephaly:
Buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles (brain cavities); pressure can enlarge the head and damage the brain
Cretinism:
Stunted growth and retardation caused by insufficient supply of thyroid hormone
May also be caused by lack of iodine
Easily detected in infancy

43. Down Syndrome Down Syndrome:
Genetic disorder caused by presence of extra chromosome (usually on the 21st pair; trisomy 21); results in mental retardation and shorter life span
Does not run in the family
Older a woman is, greater the risk to produce a Down’s child
Older fathers also contribute (about 25% of the time)
No cure, but is detectable before birth

44. Fragile X Syndrome Fragile X Syndrome:
Genetic form of retardation caused by defect in X chromosome
Runs in families
Sex-linked; mainly affects boys
Most suffer from hyperactivity and attention disorders
Become more severely retarded as adults

45. Semester 1 Review Guides
Those taking the Final– Mandatory
Those not taking the Final– Optional
Wednesday- Review Guides
Thursday- Review Guides
Friday- Final Review
Festivus!!