1. Chapter 30
Sections 1 & 2
Revolution in Russia
Starts on Page 867

2. Section 1 Revolutions in Russia
Czars Resist Change
Alexander III ( ), Nicholas II ( )
Censorship
Secret Police
Suppression of non-Russian nationalities
Russia Industrializes
Number of factories double between
In the 1890s, government ministers seek foreign investment for growth. By 1900, Russia is the 4th largest steel producer
Trans-Siberian Railway: world’s largest continuous rail line

3. Section 1 Revolutions in Russia
The Growth of the Revolutionary Movement
Rapid industrialization stirred up discontent just as it had in other European nations
Views of Karl Marx catch on
Believed that industrial working class would overthrow the Czar, and establish a “dictatorship of the proletariat.”
Proletariat: the working class
Russian Marxists split
Mensheviks: Moderates
Bolsheviks: Radicals, led by Vladimir Lenin
Lenin forced to leave Russia to avoid arrest.

4. Section 1 Revolutions in Russia
Crises at Home and Abroad
The Russo-Japanese War, 1904
Japanese and Russians competing for Korea and Manchuria. Russia looses
Bloody Sunday: the Revolution of 1905
200,000 workers protest at Czars palace, troops open fire
nation wide strikes. Czar sets up a weak legislature called the Duma
World War I: The Final Blow
Czar Nicholas II went to the front
Wife, Czarina Alexandra, runs government, with help of the mysterious holy man, Rasputin

5. Section 1 Revolutions in Russia
The March Revolution, 1917
Workers riot against government, Czar abdicates.
Duma sets up the “provisional government” (means temporary government)
Lenin Returns to Russia, with help from the Germans
The Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin’s slogan: “Peace, Land and Bread!”
Provisional government overthrown by Bolshevik supporters in November.
Bolsheviks take power: land to be redistributed, truce signed with Germany.
Civil War in Russia,
The Red Army (Bolsheviks)
The White Army (Czarists, Democrats, and Mensheviks)

6. Section 1 Revolutions in Russia
Lenin Restores Order
New Economic Policy, 1921
Small-scale capitalism
Banks, communication, and major industries remain government controlled
Political Reforms
Organizes the country as a series of self-governing republics under the Central Government
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Bolshevik Party becomes the Communist Party
Stalin becomes Dictator
Joseph Stalin, general secretary of the Communist Party
Lenin Dies in 1924
Leon Trotsky, Stalin’s rival, is exiled to Mexico
Stalin in total control by 1928.

7. Section 2 Totalitarianism: Stalinist Russia
A Government of Total Control
Totalitarianism: a government that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life.
Police State: use of terror and violence, police used to enforce government’s policies
Indoctrination: instruction in the government’s beliefs to mold people’s minds. (Education)
Propaganda and Censorship: total control of all mass-media to spread the government’s message
Religious or Ethnic Persecution: “enemies of the state”, someone to blame.

8. Section 2 Totalitarianism: Stalinist Russia
Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State
Police State: monitoring telephone lines, reading mail, spying on citicents
Great Purge, , 8-13 million killed
Russian Propaganda and Censorship
Education and Indoctrination
Schools taught the virtues of the Communist Party
Government youth groups trained children to be good communists
Religious Persecution: Atheism, attacked the Russian Orthodox Church
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy
Command Economy: government made all economic decisions
Industry: the Five-Year Plans
Focus on steel, coal, oil
Led to shortages of consumer goods (clothes, shoes, food)
Agriculture: collective farms
Private farms seized by government, worked by hundreds of families

9. Section 2 Totalitarianism: Stalinist Russia
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy
Command Economy: government made all economic decisions
Industry: the Five-Year Plans
Focus on steel, coal, oil
Led to shortages of consumer goods (clothes, shoes, food)
Agriculture: collective farms
Private farms seized by government, worked by hundreds of families

10. Sections 1 & 2 Review Who were the last Czars?
Who were the Mensheviks? Bolsheviks?
What revolutions occurred in 1917?
Who took over Russia in 1917? Who was their leader?
Who turned Russia into a totalitarian state?
What is Totalitarianism?
What is a command economy?
What are collective farms?