1. Bell Ringer 3/1/06
“ We return. We return from fighting. We return fighting.” (W.E.B DuBois)
What is this quote referring to?
Why did this quote prove to be true?

2. What was life like during ?

3. 1920’s Culture The flapper Short hair for women Dancing & Music
Speakeasies
Silent movies
“The Jazz Age was wicked and monstrous and silly. Unfortunately, I had a good time.” Heywood Broun

4. How did technology impact society?
15 million cars were sold
80% were bought on credit
A Model T Ford cost $290 in 1920
20% of U.S. homes had electricity by the end of the decade
10 million families owned radios by 1929
Shifting of America from a rural country to an urban country

5. Leisure Time??? Movies Reading Sports Music
Shorter work week and vacation time – more free time to enjoy:
Movies
Reading
Sports
Music

6. Too much of a good thing????
Mass consumption, changing values, new technologies – are they always good???
Many said NO
Harlem Renaissance benefited and reacted against it

7. Harlem Renaissance /Jazz Age
African American writers in NYC
Well-educated
Middle class group
Alienated from society
Spoke against the bigotry on the time and pride in African American culture
W.E.B DuBois, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Alain Locke, Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith

8. THE FLAPPER by Dorothy Parker
The Playful flapper here we see, The fairest of the fair. She's not what Grandma used to be, -- You might say, au contraire. Her girlish ways may make a stir, Her manners cause a scene, But there is no more harm in her Than in a submarine.

9. Women in the 20s……. By 1929, made up 22% of the workforce
90% of married women did not work
Work available to women were low paying and of lower status
Voted in 1920 election – not very many participated
Majority were not flappers, but were helped by the technology
Family size smaller, divorce laws still favored men

10. Immigrants in the 20s ……
KKK
Quotas
Nativism

11. Struggle of OLD vs. NEW Prohibition Minorities Cultural Values Women
Scopes Trial
Modernization of society
Religion not as important

12. Who’s Who Hand in: #1 Project #2 Sources
#3 Rubric with your name on it!!!!

13. “Coolidge Prosperity”
Harding vs. Coolidge
Harding (1920 – 1923)
Former Newspaper Publisher and not experienced in politics
Scandals – theft of Veteran supplies, fraud, Teapot Dome Scandal (bribery and oil reserves)
Coolidge (1923 – 1928)
Laissez-faire economic policy and committed to business interests
Small recession – post war decline
1923 – 1929 business booming
“Coolidge Prosperity”

14. Coolidge Prosperity???????????
Large Business prosper – Upper Class prospers
Middle Class, Laborers, Farmers, Native Americans, and African Americans did not prosper

15. Election of 1928 Hoover (Rep.) vs. Alfred Smith (Dem.)
Hoover – secretary of commerce
- Self Made Millionaire
- Humanitarian
- Leader in war effort and post war reconstruction
Hoover won 84% of the electoral vote

16. What was the Great Depression?
Roaring 20s End Great Depression Begins
What was the Great Depression?
The worst economic crisis of the century
Over 13 million people unemployed
“Dust bowl” as a result of drought
Farmers lost crops
Many lost their homes

17. What caused the Great Depression?
Stock market crash of 1929
Unequal distribution of wealth
Excessive Buying on Credit
Weak Business Structure
Weak Banking Structure
Inadequate Government Policies
Weak International economy

18. Stock Market Crash Many stocks purchased on speculation
Panic sets in as they are forced to produce the money for the loans
Stock prices fell
Panic selling
Huge sums of money lost
Thursday, October 24, 1929
Stock values fell $14 billion

19. Unequal Distribution of Wealth
No middle class
Supply not equal to demand
Credit cards created false demand

20. Excessive Buying on Credit
Creates a false demand
Under consumption
People unable to make installment payments, therefore stop buying

21. Weak Business Structure
Business consolidation – makes a few large companies for each industry
Profits and control were in the hands of a few – fragile system

22. Weak Banking Structure
No FDIC – No government regulation
People pull money out – Panic
Banks close with people’s money

23. Inadequate Government Policies
No government regulation of stock market
Tax policies contributed to unequal distribution of wealth
Antitrust laws were not enforced
Federal Reserve Board made poor decisions

24. Weak International Economy
WWI and the Stock Market crash effected the world
No U.S. foreign investment – no money to pay America back
Foreign countries had no money to buy American goods

25. What was life like in the 1930’s?

26. Hooverisms Hoover Hog – armadillos that were baked in the desert
Hoover Flag – empty pocket turned out
Hoover Blanket – Newspaper slept under
Hoover Car – Abandoned Cars
Hoover Bag – suitcase with holes
Hoover Shoes – shoes with holes in soles
Hoovervilles – shack towns of boxes and crates.

27. “Hooverism” Hoover’s response to the Great Depression:
Restore confidence in economy
Promoted helping businesses to help economy
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Federal Work Projects to create jobs
Halted war repayment by Europe
Asked businesses to not lower wages or prices

28. Failure of “Hooverism”
No direct relief – damaged image
Economy was continuing to spiral and Hoover continued to say things were improving
“Bonus Army” - march on Washington, disbanded by army

29. Dustbowls
A traveler noticed a nice new hat by the side of the road, and he stopped to pick it up.
Under the hat was a man, buried up to his neck in the dust! As he dug the poor fellow out, the traveler asked if he wanted a ride into town. "No, I'll get there myself," the man replied, "I'm on a horse."
(Excerpt from THE DUST BOWL by Tricia Andryszewski, p. 33.)

30. FDR’s New Deal

31. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Elected in 1932 with 89% of the electoral vote
Government experience:
NYS Legislature
Asst. Secretary of the Navy
Governor of NYS

32. 3 R’s of the New Deal RELIEF of those who were suffering
RECOVERY for the economy
REFORM to avoid future depressions

33. New Deal Programs Outcomes
Banking Emergency Act (FDIC) – restored confidence, soon more deposits than withdrawls
Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA) – Helped to revitalize relief organizations and encourage work
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – Taught men and women to be independent, increased self confidence and self esteem

34. New Deal Programs Outcomes
Public Work Administration PWA – benefited America and American workers
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) – Declared unconstitutional, did not raise prices as hoped – just made people upset
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - cheap electric power, flood control, and recreational opportunities to the entire Tennessee River valley.

35. New Deal Programs Outcomes
Works Progress Admin. (WPA) – decreased unemployment
Social Security Act (SSA) - it did help millions of Americans feel more secure.
National Recovery Admin. (NRA) – organized the relief effort, centralized government efforts
Rural Electrification Admin. (REA) – gave several small farmers electricity

36. Wagner Act Also known as the National Labor Relations Act (1935)
Guaranteed labor unions the right to form unions and to practice collective bargaining
Progressive Legislation??????

37. So What?

38. Central Bank, Silver backing of money, increase circulation
Father Coughlin
Government Pension Plan for Elderly – no SSA
Francis Townsend
“Production for Use” – state ownership of land and factories
Upton Sinclair

39. Table of Contents #1 Outline/Concepts #16 Hoover vs. FDR
#2 Twenties Talk #17 Share our Wealth
#3 Sports Stars #18 FDR’s New Deal
#4 Who’s Who #19 You and the New Deal
#5 Roaring 20s Culture #20 Be a New Deal Worker
#6 The Automobile #21 No New Deal
#7 The New Woman #22 The S.C. and New Deal
#8 Roaring 20s Packet #23 FDR and the S.C.
#9 Great Migration
#10 Immigration
#11 Urban-Rural Change
#12 Roaring 20s Politics
#13 What caused the Great Depression?
#14 Hooverisms
#15 Images of the Great Depression

40. The New Deal and the Supreme Court
NRA – Schechter Poultry Corp v. United States (1935)
NRA codes were too much like laws
Executive was legislating
Declared unconstitutional
AAA – declared unconstitutional
Congress passed another similar law to circumvent the Supreme Court.

41. The New Deal and the Supreme Court
Court-Packing
Conservative Court did not follow FDR’s plan
Democratic President and a Republican Court
Proposed a plan to increase the number of justices

42. Third Term Controversy
Elected:
1932
1936
1940
1944
Republicans accused him of breaking the unwritten constitution
After death, 22nd Amendment was proposed to limit to two terms
1951 – 22nd Amendment ratified

43. The Results
Bank Failure

44. Unemployment

45. Loss of homes “Hoovervilles” Here were all these people living in old
rusted-out car bodies. ... One family ... [was]
living in a piano box. This wasn't just a little
section, this was maybe 10 miles wide and 10
miles long. People living in whatever they
could junk together. ..."

46. Depression

47. Did everyone suffer during the depression?

48. “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”
Franklin D. Roosevelt
“Our greatest primary task is to put people to work”

49. A Long Way From Chicago By Richard Peck