Football Canada Official Certification Program

Football Canada Official Certification Program
Level 1

Lesson 1 Introduction Why We Need You (Officials)

Introduction Why We Need You (Officials) topics
History of Officiating Structure of Football Officiating In Canada 1) Football Canada 2) Canadian Football Officials Association - CFOA 3) Officials Technical Committee - OTC 4) Provincial Associations 5) Local FOA s Football Canada Officials’ Certification Program-FCOCP 1) Aims 2) FCOCP Certification ii) Requirements 3) FCOCP progression i) Levels Roles played by an Official Video – You Have to Love it When they Boo Qualities of a Competent official

A brief History of Officiating
“Officials” and other “intermediaries” are part of the history of sports Officials have been an accepted component of every sport competition on record The following excerpt dates from the 14th century, “All things are reduced to nothingness and uncertainty without a ruler (official)” The word “referee” is an extension of “REFER” and is defined as follows “to submit to an authority for consideration, help, decision and action.” The one referred to could be anyone appointed of selected by the sport body involved. The terms of reference applied to “officials” in circles of law have been passed down to “officials” in sport competitions. The latter interpret and apply the “laws” of the game

A brief History of Officiating continued
England was the first nation to recognize the need for sport “officials”. Their introduction into sport occurred during the early 1800’s when it accepted that competitions, which were hotly contested, should be under the jurisdiction of a third party. Some 20 years later, “officials” were introduced into North American sports

Structure of Football Officiating in Canada
Football Canada CFOA OTC Provincial Associations Local FOA

Football Canada Official’s Certification Program (FCOCP) Aims
Standardization of Positioning Mechanics Rules Knowledge Rules Interpretation Rules Application 2 National Recognition 3 Improve Image of Officials 4 Improve Confidence

FCOCP Certification Levels
Level I New Official – Sides – Minor & H.S. Level II Sides – Minor & H.S. Umpire – Minor & H.S. Level III Referee – Minor & H.S. Introduction to 5 – Official System – Back Umpire – H.S. Level IV Work any Positions – Minor & H.S. Introduction to 6 – Official System – CIS & CJFL ( Use a 7 official crew as the CFL)

Certification Requirements
Theory Clinic (s) Written Examinations On Field Evaluation Data to Football Canada Certification Maintenance Official’s Transfer

FCOCP Progression Progress from Level to Level by each of the various positions Or Progress from Level to Level by a given position (I.e. specialize in one or two positions)

FCOCP Progression Chart
Referee Umpire Deep Sides Level IV 6 Officials Referee Umpire Deep Level III Sides 5 Officials Level II Umpire 3 or 4 Officials Sides Level I 3 or 4 Officials Sides

A Philosophy of Officiating
STOP Before proceeding print a copy of worksheet 1 Do Lesson 1 Worksheet as directed Watch the Video “You have to love it when they Boo” Complete the worksheet as directed.

Roles of an Official Educator Salesman Psychologist Statesman
As the action and tempo of a game in progress can change,the official must assume several different roles, depending upon the particular circumstances. According to the particular situation, it may be necessary for the official to assume partially the following roles: Educator Salesman Psychologist Statesman

Qualities of a Competent Official
For a detailed explanation of each term , click the i button Reaction Time Confidence (Poise) Consistency Judgment Hustle Decisiveness Courage Be Objective Positive Rapport Know the Rules Look the Part Know Position, Duties & Mechanics

Policies to Follow Why do we need capable officials to guide the game?
Officials should be guided by the overall aim of causing the game to progress smoothly with as little interference as possible. The essential ingredients of effective officiating are Rule Knowledge Integrity Sound Relationships Primary Concern – The Athlete What are the benefits of of being a competent official?

The Job of Officials Smooth Flow to Game Game played within the Rules
Little Interference Prevent Fouls Make the “Calls”

Getting Ahead as an Official “Reach for the Top”
Set Goals Set Deadlines Learn from Others Overcome Restrictions Accept Challenges Support is Needed Look the Part Learn from Mistakes Positive Attitude Hard Work

Keys to Getting Ahead Watch Others Ask Questions Participate
Study and Learn Be Prepared

Lesson 1 Worksheet Compete the worksheet for Lesson 1 , revise your answers and submit answers. Contact facilitator if you have any questions or

Lesson 2 Getting Started
Why is Appearance Important The Uniform - Parts of the official uniform - Additional equipment - Care of equipment and uniform The Arrival - When to arrive - Meeting the Crew - Pre Game Officials’ Meeting

Why is Appearance Important
A a sales slogan for a razor company stated: “Look Sharp-Feel Sharp-Be Sharp” The slogan represents excellent advice to sports officials “Be Sharp” suggests that an official react quickly, hustle and display good judgment and mechanics. “Look sharp” – an official who reports for duty in an unkempt, dirty or soiled uniform does not inspire the confidence of the players and coaches, or his fellow officials. Such officials start the game at a disadvantage. BE NEAT,CLEAN AND IN FULL UNIFORM WHEN REPORTING FOR A GAME ASSIGNMENT The entire officiating crew is judged by its appearance on first sight. Don’t you be the one to let the crew down

Getting Ready Do You Have All Your Equipment?
Lanyard whistle also Do you have the right coloured hat (referee needs white hat all other officials need a black hat, ? Rain wear, cold weather gear? Make sure all your equipment is clean , have clean white shoe laces and polished shoes. Have everything ready before you go to the game

Official Uniform Whistle with lanyard White hat for Referee
Black hat for all positions except Referee Association crest

Official Uniform Hat-white for Referee
All other official have a black hat Flag in back pocket or side FOA crest Black Belt Stirrup socks Bean Bag White shoe laces White socks

Official Uniform Inclement Weather Wear
Warm Up Jacket -Black Jacket with CFOA crest on left side of chest Extreme Cold -Black turtle neck under regulation jersey -neutral coloured hand wear -plain black toques (white for Referee) being replaced by black balaclava also called weather hoods Warm weather -determined by FOA( if used all officials in game must dress the same). -white shorts -mesh type open weave short sleeve sweater -knee high socks

Inclement Weather Wear
CFOA crest on left side chest high Local FOA crest Black Jacket Gloves

Official Uniform Inclement Weather Wear continued
Rain wear -clear plastic or regulation stripped apparel Helpful Hints For Wet and /or cold weather 1) A cleaner’s plastic bag , or green garbage bag, with holes cut for head and arms, and worn under jersey helps an official keep dry and warm. 2) A plastic bread bag or shirt bag worn on the feet will keep the feet dry and warm

Additional Equipment Bean Bag –used to mark spots such as point kick is received Downs counter - paced on wrist and finger to help remember what down it is. Watch - Umpire needs one for timing time outs and knowing when first half ended and when second half will start (duty to inform the Referee)

Additional Equipment Clip - used in measurements and when moving the yard sticks at the end of the first and third quarter . - types –orange ribbon with clasp - circular shows yardage where clip is attached. -rectangular cloth strip with or without yard markings

Additional Equipment continued
Hat holders - plastic hat carrier helps keep hat ‘s shape - plastic ball cap washer Pressure Gauge - used to measure air pressure in ball Tape measure used to measure dimensions of the ball Rule Book and Case Book -issued every two years with rule updates in between -probably the most important piece of equipment you need. You’ll wear it more than your uniform. (read it so much that it seem part of your apparel

Care and Maintenance General Principles
(For complete details read article in Support Materials- Care and Maintenance of Equipment) Clean equipment as soon as possible Never let soiled equipment dry Use cold water Air dry where possible Never use chlorine bleach

Care and Maintenance Specific Care
Cap Sweat band Soil spots Block Plastic ball cap washer Shirt, Pants, Socks, Flag Cold water wash Plastic bags for wet uniform Pre-soak Detergent boosters (as recommended) _ Heavily soiled treatment Check and rewash before drying Air dry

Shoes Between season care Clean off dust, lime, mud – clear water Air dry Use good polish Occasionally oil or silicon spray Laces Must be white Wash well Cotton laces – chlorine bleach

Flag Clean, good condition Orange Whistle Clean, inspect Always carry spare Good Care and Maintenance = $

The Arrival

The Arrival When should an official arrive at the game location prior to the start of a game? One hour prior to start if not in uniform One half hour prior to start if dressed

Meeting the Crew Upon arrival proceed to dressing room or timer’s bench Introduce yourself and identify position you will be working This allows you to know the crew and to identify your working partner

Pre Game Meeting 5 minutes prior to start of the Game
Following the Head Linesman instructing the stick crew and the Line Judge and Back Umpire conducting field and player inspections, these officials will meet with the Referee and Umpire The Head Linesman will confirm Yard Stick Crew is in place. Line Judge and Back Umpire will report field conditions and player equipment concerns The Umpire will review special plays or numbering problems. The Umpire will provide numbers of captains, kicker punter and holders The Referee will provide direction to deal with any concerns that may arise

Lesson 2 Getting Started Worksheet
Complete worksheet for Lesson two and submit as directed

Lesson 3 The Head Linesman

The Head Linesman Yardstick Responsibility -Duties
- Locating the Stick Crew -Checking the Yardsticks , chain and pickets, downs box 2. Instructing the Yardstick Crew -Positioning of Downs box -Positioning of the Sticks -Placement of the Clip -Moving the Downs Box/changing the Down -Play moving toward the Yard Stick Crew -First down or score -Talking to Yardstick Crew 3. Measurements 4. Moving the yardsticks at the end of the First and Third Quarters 5. Half time and end of game

Head Linesman The Head Linesman is responsible for the supervision of the Yard Stick Crew –Downs Man and Linesmen (stick holders) The Head Linesman insures that: The Yard Sticks are placed properly under the direction of the Referee An accurate count of downs is kept to assist the Referee

Locating the Stick Crew
If not supplied by your association, contact the home team 30 minutes before game to insure they help you to obtain a stick crew. Once a crew is obtained proceed with the crew and the yardsticks and downs marker to the side of the field they will be located at the start of the game. If benches are on same side of field- sticks are located on the opposite side of the field. If the benches are located on opposite sides of the field, alternate the location of the sticks. -First Half – locate on the Home Team’s side of the field. -Second Half - locate on the Visiting Team’s side of the field. Advise the crew to be impartial and refrain from comments to teams and officials. They are part of the officiating team.

Checking the Yard Sticks ,Chain, and Sticks
Stretch out the chain and check to make sure the distance between the sticks is exactly ten yards Make sure the downs box has downs 1,2 and 3. If a 4th down is attached make sure the Downs Man is aware of this to avoid showing the wrong down

Checking Length of Yardsticks

Stretching the Chain

Instructing the Yard Stick Crew Positioning of Downs box
Position the downs box First Place the downs box in line with the forward tip of the ball Help this placement using placement of your foot so that your toe is inline with the forward tip of the ball

Instructing the Yard Stick Crew Initial Positioning of Pickets
First insure the Downs Box is in the proper place. Place the back picket (starting picket) directly BEHIND the Downs Box. Place so that the stick and Downs Box are perpendicular to the ground (should not be able to see the back stick. Stretch out the chain tightly (no knots or kinks) so that the forward stick marks the ten yards required to make a first down

Positioning of Downs Box and Yardsticks

Placement of the Clip Location of the clip is on the back of the five yard stripe closest to the back stick (start of the 10 yards). At the minor levels clip would be placed on chain only when a measurement is required At the Junior, University and Professional (CFL) levels the clip is placed at the start of each set of downs by the back stick holder

Movement of the Downs box and changing of the of the down
The Downs Man must pay close attention to every play to be aware if a penalty flag has been thrown If a penalty flag has been thrown DO NOT MOVE THE DOWNS BOX OR CHANGE THE DOWN . Make sure the sticks do not move

Movement of the Downs box and changing of the of the down
If no penalty the Downs Man waits until the play is whistled dead and the head linesman indicates the location of the next down. Move the downs box so that it is placed in line with the forward point of the ball Change the down on the downs box after the Referee has signaled the next down (relayed by the Head linesman)

Play Moving Toward the Stick Crew
Advise the Stick Crew to lay the sticks and downs box down off the playing field (at the correct location) and move quickly out of the way of oncoming players and officials

First Down or Score Encourage the Stick Crew to HUSTLE to the next location (let them know after a score) Set an example by your hustle. The pace of the game is highly effected by the movement of the Yardstick Crew Following a convert One stick holder will set up the kickoff The other stick holder will retrieve the ball after the convert

Talk to the Yardstick Crew
During the game talk to the crew to keep them involved Provide praise and encouragement to keep them on task

Measurements When a measurement is requested the Head Linesman will:
Tell the Downs Man not to move (stay at the PLS) or change the down Place the clip on the first 5 yard stripe closest to the rear picket. Instruct the rear stickman to pick up the clip and hold it in his hand when the yardsticks are taken on to the field Tell stick holders to wait until you have marked the location of the forward stick with your foot and tell them to proceed

Measurements Ball boy will give ball to back judge
Umpire will get forward picket Back picket holder will pick up clip and carry it in Head linesman marks forward picket Referee holding the ball at spot Back official holds back picket

Moving the Sticks at the End of the First and Third Quarters
Note the location (yardage) and next down Make sure the Downs Man changes the down and knows the yardage of the next down Place the clip on the rear of the closest 5 yard line to the rear stick Instruct the rear stick holder to pick up the clip and move ahead of the forward stick holder and proceed down field Proceed down field to the location where the clip was placed at the other end of field Place the clip down and have the yard sticks stretched out. The Back Umpire will assist and make sure downs box is placed at the location of the next down VERIFY WITH REFEREE

Half Time and End Of Game
Thank the Yardstick Crew for their good work and remind them to be back on the field five minutes before the end of half time. Join crew for half time meeting End of Game Have the crew wind up the chain and leave the sticks and downs box by the Timer’s bench Thank the crew for their efforts Join the other officials and proceed to dressing room or timer’s bench for post game meeting

Lesson 3 Worksheets Complete the worksheets for lesson 3
The Head Linesman Measurements Quarter changes and the Yard Sticks Submit answers as directed

Lesson 4 THE LINE JUDGE Where are the yard lines?
Place goal posts here

Lesson 4 Line Judge 1. Pre Game Duties -Field inspection
-Player inspection 2. Getting the Captains and Counting Players

FIELD INSPECTION The Line Judge will carry out an inspection of the playing field and end zones Check for the following field markings Five yard markings starting with 55 at centre field and decreasing by 5 moving toward each end zone. Yard markers are set back from the sideline Double line thickness for the 35 and 45 yard lines

FIELD INSPECTION YARDAGE PAINTED ON FIELD REFERED TO AS THE NUMBERS
HASH MARKS 24 YARDS IN FROM EACH SIDE LINE FLEXIBLE MARKER PLACED AT THE GOAL LINE AND SIDE LINE INTERSECTION CONSIDERED OUT OF BOUNDS 5 YARD FIELD MARKINGSTRIPES FIELD YARD MARKERS SHOULD BE PLACED OUT OF BOUNDS- PERFERABLY 5 YARDS AWAY

FIELD INSPECTION Hash marks 24 yards in from each sideline
Goal post padding (Game CAN NOT START until) in place Dead ball line is 20 yards back from the goal line. Flexible markers are located at the intersections of the goal line and sidelines and the end zone sideline and dead ball line Fields with track around them , the deadline should be marked at least one foot inside the curb Side lines are marked and clearly visible

Checking the Goal Posts
Wish bone style or the two upright goal posts must be padded or the game can not start.

Player Inspection The following equipment is mandatory and shall be worn by all players. It shall be designed and manufactured by a professional manufacturer, and shall not be altered in any way which will decrease the protection of the player * Soft knee pads, ½ inch thick, worn over the knees and cover by the pants. * Thigh guards. * Hip pads with tailbone protector. * Shoulder pads. *Mouth guard, protecting the teeth and * lips, as specified in Article 3 *Shoes which meet specifications in Article (1—11) Check for casts, taping and tinted visors Uniform is worn as required by the league

Getting the Team Captains
The Head Linesman is responsible for getting the HOME team The Line Judge is responsible for getting the VISITING team -Prior to the meeting with the captains at the Referee’s quest -At end of the half proceed 5 minutes before end of the half to respective teams to insure captains receive a 3 minute warning. During the game -Head Linesman counts the Home team players -Line Judge counts the Visiting team players

Lesson 5 SCRIMMAGE PLAY ZONES AND MOVEMENTS

Lesson 5 SCRIMMAGE PLAY ZONES and Movements
Line of Scrimmage Neutral Zone Line of Scrimmage- Team A requirements Team A movement at the Line of Scrimmage Lineman stances The Centre The Centre on Kicking plays Close line Area play Crack back block zone Crack back Block Illegal procedure Offside Holding /illegal use of hands Use when coming back from Lesson 9 to review To return to Lesson 9

Line of Scrimmage and Neutral Zone
The Line of Scrimmage is an imaginary line , extending from sideline to sideline, parallel to the goal line and passing through the point of the ball furthest from Team A’s goal line

The Neutral Zone Neutral zone is one yard ahead of the line of scrimmage from side line to sideline. All defensive players must give a yard prior to the snap of the ball 1 yard

Line of Scrimmage Team A Requirements
Must have an eligible number at each end of the line 5 ineligible numbered players in a continuous unbroken line within 1 yard of the line of scrimmage Linemen must pause 1 second before ball is snapped Line of Scrimmage Eligible receiver at end

Team A Movement At the Line of Scrimmage
ENDS A player who, at the snap of the ball is occupying a position at either end of the line of scrimmage may be in motion within 1 yard of the line of scrimmage but must not be moving towards his opponent’s goal line when the ball is put into play End End Ends may move along L of S away from the ball Ends may move along L of S toward ball BACKFIELD PLAYERS A Team A player wearing eligible numbers 1-39 or 70 – 99 who is in motion from a backfield position may be within one yard of the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped Back can not stop at the L of S must be moving forward

LINEMAN STANCE TWO POINT STANCE CAN CHANGE STANCE EG POINT STANCE BUT MUST BE MOTIONLESS FOR 1 SECOND PRIOR TO THE SNAP OF THE BALL 3 POINT STANCE CAN NOT CHANGE STANCE ONCE ASSUMED

The Centre 1. The centre must face the direction of the opponents goal line 2. To snap the ball, the center must: -snap the ball between his legs -snap must be in one continuous motion from toe to heel 3 The ball MUST leave the centre’s hand 4. Once the centre places one or both hands on the ball he must snap the ball (illegal procedure if he changes places with another player. 5.Rotating the ball or placing the hand underneath allowed (no movement to draw opponent offside –penalty 6. Centre may take his hands off the ball and rise to talk to the Quarter back provide no misleading tactics to draw Team B offside. 7 Once punting snap motion is established Team B can not challenge the motion.

CENTRE ON KICKING PLAYS
On all kick plays from scrimmage (punts, field goal attempts, and converts) it is illegal to contact the centre on, or within one yard on either side of the line of scrimmage Penalty:L15, PLS, PBD-AFD

CLOSE LINE PLAY AREA TACKLE TO TACKLE CLOSE PLAY AREA IS 2 YARDS ON EITHER SIDE OF THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE ON ANY PLAY,BLOCKING BELOW THE WAIST IS ILLEGAL EXCEPT IN THE CLOSE LINE PLAY AREA BY A WHO IS OCCUPING A POSITION IN THIS AREA AT THE SNAP OF THE BALL

CRACK BACK ZONE BACKTO TEAM A DEAD BALL LINE SIDELINE SIDELINE
5 YARDS IN ADVANCE OF THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE

CRACK BACK BLOCK Any A player who, before or after the snap, is more than 3 yds outside the Close Line Play Area, and moves toward the ball, may not block below the waist from 5 yds ahead of the LS back to the A dead line. (7-3)

1.What is the call if the back stops at the L of S?
Applying What You Learned 3.What should the official be looking for as the two slot backs on the left run their patterns 2 Watch the action of the slot (red) back is it okay? The block is completed below the waist five yards beyond the L of S .Is it Legal? Click to start motion E T G C G T E QB 4.a)What must happen for the end’s motion to be legal? b) What should the side official be watching for in the block made on the Team B player? 2 1.What is the call if the back stops at the L of S?

ILLEGAL PROCEDURE Flag and Whistle play A Team A Foul Flag play
–inappropriate numbering of line players - player on line did not report as ineligible - no end Flag and Whistle play Team A linemen move prior to the ball being snapped must pause 1 second Team A line player (except the center) after assuming a 3or 4 point stance ,may not legally move his head, arms, hands or feet until the ball is snapped Center breaks his 3 or 4 point stance to allow another player to become center

OFFSIDE No player of either team shall encroach on the neutral zone on a play from scrimmage when the ball is into play. A player from either team who crosses the line of scrimmage and makes contact with any opponent, before the snap of the ball, is offside. A B player who goes offside and breaks the plane of the line of scrimmage, even without contact, shall be called offside and the play stopped immediately. Penalty—loss 5 yds, down repeated. Yardage penalty may be declined. (4-2)

OFFSIDE GETS BACK NO CONTACT
On the neutral zone—Defensive No. 55 encroaches without breaking the plane of the LS, or making contact—and gets back before the snap of the ball. No foul. (4-2)

Use of Hands and Arms Legal Use 1) May used to tackle the ball carrier
2) In blocking for run and pass plays provided: a) hands are slightly behind the elbows, even with the elbows, or in advance of he elbows. b)The arms may be fully extended c)The hands shall be open, with the palms facing an opponent, or cupped or closed with the palms not facing an opponent.

Use of Hands and Arms Illegal Use :
1) The hands and arms are not to be used : - in a striking or punching manner - to grasp , pull, encircle, lift and opponent -to lock ,hook or clamp an opponent 2) the hand may not be clasped or locked .

Illegal use of Hands and Arms
Sometimes the hold is hard to detect Arm bar or hook Grasping an opponent Can you identify five more ways the use of hand or arms is illegal ?

Lesson 5 Worksheets Complete the booklet You Make the Call Action at the Line of Scrimmage Submit answers as directed

Lesson 6 DUTIES PRIOR TO START OF PLAY, DURING THE PLAY AND BETWEEN PLAY

DUTIES PRIOR TO START OF PLAY AND BETWEEN PLAY
1. Signals-Prior to start of play Ball Retrieval - Ready for kick off Using Your Whistle - Free or held - Putting up the Gates 2. Position at start of the play 3. Checking Wide outs 4. Signals –during the play -Time in -Time out -Screen Pass -Lateral 5. Marking the spot -Primary spot -Secondary spot

SIGNAL READY FOR PLAY KICKOFF
After counting your Team and checking your zone,the Official raises his arm vertically in the air and holds it up until acknowledged by the Referee The kick off should not take place until both teams have twelve players on the field

Duties between Plays FREE OR HELD
When the Referee whistles time in look to the Back Umpire for direction as to who is Held Held official (wide side of field) acknowledge by signal –point to the ground Free official acknowledge by signal- salute pointing down field

Back Umpire Indicating Held Official
Back Umpire indicating the held official Referee whistling time in Back umpire points to near sideline official to indicate he is held. This is done as the Referee is whistling time in

Free Official Signal Free official salutes and points down field to acknowledge he is free. Free implies that the official if circumstances warrant it may move off the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped

Held Signal Held official-remains at the line of scrimmage until the ball has crossed the line of scrimmage

Duties between Plays PUTTING UP THE GATES
When the second player leaves the offensive huddle (centre and one more player) raise arms horizontally at shoulder height. Check bench(es)on your side for substitutions ,once gates are up substitutions are not allowed

Position on the Line of Scrimmage Start of the Play
What do we Look for? Is there an eligible number at the end of the Line? Are there Five ineligibles in a row?

Head Linesman View L of S

Wide Out Checking if on the Line of Scrimmage
Looking could give a nod of the head often enough Could give verbal confirmation –you’re on –you’re off

Wide Out Checking if on the Line of Scrimmage (not looking)
Not Looking could give a verbal confirmation –you’re on –you’re off

Signals most used often by Sideline officials
Time in –Full arm circles to simulate clock Time out- Hands crisscrossed above the head

Signals most used often by Sideline Officials
Screen Pass- Arm extended vertically Prior to a pass being caught behind the line of scrimmage. Keep arm up until end of play-informs other officials that blocking is allowed downfield prior to the ball being caught by Team A players.

Signals most used often by Sideline officials
Lateral Pass – arm extended horizontally into the backfield. Lateral pass (onside pass) is one thrown, handed, knocked, batted, kicked or fumbled by a player parallel to or in the direction of his own dead line. Pointing into backfield, keep arm out for the play so other officials are aware of the lateral pass

Signals in the Last Three Minutes of a Half
Time Out Signal- ball goes out of bounds in your zone -clock stops after every play in last minutes of the half Ball in bounds or out of bounds ? These signals are given to help the Referee and coaches know if the ball is in bounds or out of bounds as timing rules in the last three minutes are affected by where the ball went dead. These signals should be held for an extend period of time (10 seconds) to insure that they are seen - ball out of bounds- both arms and hands extended over shoulders points back to out of bounds -in bounds both arms extended and pointing into the field of play

Marking the Spot Primary Spot -place one foot forward with toe at the forward point of the ball. Secondary spot- stand facing toward middle of field feet together. - If spot required from a secondary spot turn and provide the primary spot Ball between the hash mark and sideline- come in close to mark the ball Come in to mark spot run parallel to side line then turn at a right angle and move to the dead ball spot

BALL Retrieval Use triangle method
Ball out near you ,get ball , pass to Back Umpire who passes it to Umpire Ball dead down field move toward Back Umpire, who will retrieve the ball and pass it to side official on the side ball went out. This official will relay it to other side official (if needed) and on to the Umpire

Using Your Whistle The whistle is used to “Kill the Play”
See the Ball “Dead” before sounding you whistle Sound your whistle “ With Authority” An inadvertent Whistle does and will happen

Lesson 7 REPORTING AN INFRACTION

Lesson 7 REPORTING AN INFRACTION TOPICS
Throwing a Flag -Technical fouls -Point of foul Reporting an infraction –Stopping the play Reporting an infraction – Using TINS. Reporting an infraction- reporting to the referee Flag retrieval

Throwing A Flag Once a foul is detected a flag must be thrown
Technical Foul- flag thrown high in the air - eg illegal procedure, offside, time count Point of foul - if foul occurs during a play - the flag is thrown toward the location of the foul - eg point of holding, illegal block , unnecessary roughness Get the player’s number Continue to officiate until the end of the play

Reporting an Infraction Stopping the Play
Wait until the play is over. Make sure time out is waved If you kill the play - blow your whistle -signal time out -mark the spot -wait until an official relieves you of the spot

REPORTING INFRACTIONS
USE TINS T NAME THE TEAM I STATE THE INFRACTION N NUMBER OF PLAYER S STAY AROUND IF REFEREE NEEDS MORE INFORMATION

Reporting an Infraction Reporting to the Referee
If more than one official has a flag check to see if you have the same call (eg. HL and LJ) make sure both agree if it is offside or illegal procedure. Reporting to the Referee using TINS TEAM Winnipeg INFRACTION Offside NUMBER STAY Remain nearby if Referee needs more information such as: - Point ball held at time of foul - Required distance gained - Location of foul - Live or dead ball foul

Flag Retrieval Help out other officials, especially the Referee by returning the flag to the official. The closest free official near the flag should retrieve the flag

Lesson 7 Reporting Infractions
Complete worksheet and submit answers as directed.

Lesson8 Positioning and Mechanics
Mechanics refers to the routine procedure surrounding what the official does. The two primary areas of mechanics are signaling and positioning. When more than one official is involved “Teamwork” becomes a third area of mechanics, wherein additional signaling and positioning responsibilities are necessary. The mechanics of positioning, signaling and teamwork are all of the essential importance to a professional performance. Good positioning, is necessary if you are to see what you are supposed to see. Sharp, unhesitating and unhurried signals are necessary to communicate your decisions and to build the confidence of everyone regarding your officiating ability Commonly recognized teamwork procedures are necessary to ensure to the greatest extent that (a) every conceivable action is covered and ruled upon and (b) disagreement is eliminated or minimized When proper mechanics are performed precisely, the game progresses without confusion of unnecessary delay. Good mechanics are not too difficult to develop if correct habits are established early in the officiating career.

Positioning and Mechanics continued
Difficulty does occur when the new official unsuspectingly forms bad habits. Mechanics, good or bad, are habitual actions. It is much easier to learn the correct habit first than to unlearn an incorrect habit later. Like the playing rules, mechanics have evolved from the efforts of many people over many years and therefore, they should command the respect and acceptance of new officials. The first two obligations of a new official are to: a) learn the playing rules b) develop correct habit of mechanics AN OFFICIAL WHO IS IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME, AT LEAST LOOKS EFFICIENT

Duties and Positioning Kick Off Duties Head Linesman
Before the Ball is Kicked Take up position Count home team Check field and sidelines After the ball is kicked Onside vs offside Short kick vs. long kick In bounds / out of bounds Cover the return Stay in your zone Signal “time in” after ball is touched

Duties and Positioning Kick Off Duties Head Linesman
Watch for: blocking (legal vs. illegal) ball in/out of bounds After the ball is dead: signal to stop clock mark spot set up sticks and downs box

Duties and Positioning Kick Off Duties Line Judge
Before the ball is kicked: take up position count visiting team check End Zone After the ball is kicked: time in signal after the ball is touched watch for fumbles, lateral, offside passes cover return out of bounds coverage After the ball is dead: signal to stop clock mark spot

4 Official System Kick Off
U LJ HL 55 R 45 K

Duties and Positioning Scrimmage Duties
Free Official and Held Official Position and Signals Prior to Snap check substitutes gates – up and down count players check eligible Receivers check Players re: lining up watch for early motion (offside and illegal procedure)

Duties and Positioning Scrimmage Duties Running Plays
Sideline Responsibilities - Held Official - Free Official Cover ball carrier in your zone Ball out of bounds – What to do? Spotting ball at the Side Line - for normal play situations - if measurement required

Duties and Positioning
Scrimmage Duties and Positioning Need to cover play from behind: - action away from the ball - fouls behind the play Avoid turning back on Play Watch for: - fumbles - lateral passes Know possession when ball dead

F H 4 Official System Scrimmage Play Running U R G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
40 45 50 C U F H R

Duties and Positioning – Scrimmage Duties
Pass Plays “FREE” Official Also has deep responsibilities Move off line on snap Read play and react - “Tackles don’t lie” - Read Receivers on your side Cover your zone and Side Line Out of bounds coverage

Duties and Positioning – Scrimmage Duties
“HELD” Official Short zone coverage – your side Move downfield after pass is thrown Both Officials Watch for: - Illegal contact on Receivers - Illegal interference - Holding - Pass interference - Offside passes - Turnovers

F H Scrimmage Play Passing - 4 Officials U R G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
45 50 C U F H R

Duties and Positioning Goal Line Plays
“FREE” Official Initial position – on line until snap Normal initial duties On snap – move to goal line Know ball location “HELD” Official Normal scrimmage duties Move off line once ball is gone Both Officials Be prepared for pass or run Signal “Touchdown” if made Watch for fumble into End Zone

Goal Line Stand - 4 Officials
U G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 F H R

Duties and Positioning Kick from Scrimmage
“FREE” Official Initial position downfield ( 5 & 10 – 12) Be aware of: - Restraining zone - Point of possession - Point ball held on return Ball Dead – goal post “in Flight” “HELD” Official Initial position on Line of Scrimmage Watch for blocked/deflected kick Move after kick crosses Line of Scrimmage Both Officials On fouls – know ball location - if in possession - if “in flight”

Punt - 4 Officials G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C F U H R

Duties and Positioning Field Goals and Converts
Outside 10 yard line “FREE” Official – Under goal posts “HELD” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage on Line of Scrimmage – “go with ball” Inside 10 yard line “FREE” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage Cover dead line and sideline in End Zone. - Cover Play in End Zone “HELD”Official – Initial position – on line of scrimmage - Watch for contact on kicker/holder - “Go with ball” – cover Side Line

4 Official System Field Goal Outside 10 Yd
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C U H R

4 Official System Field Goal Inside 10 yd
U G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C H R

4 Official System Convert
U G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C F H R

Three Official System Mechanics
The 3 official crew system includes: Referee Umpire Head Linesman In order to insure coverage on all sides of the field the following mechanics are used: Referee will always favour the side opposite the Head Linesman. The Head Linesman will have the yard sticks located on the SAME side of the field as the team benches (benches are located on one side of field) The Umpire is the lone official back for kick offs, punts and field goals

3 Official System Kick Off
G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C U HL R K

3 Official System Scrimmage Play
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C U HL R

3 Official System Goal Line
U G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 HL R

3 Official System Punt G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C U HL R

3 Official System Field Goal Outside 10 Yd Line
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C HL R

Convert 3 Official System Convert and Field Goal inside 10 yard line
U G 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C H L R

Lesson 9 Rules of the Game
BALL CARRIER HIT BY TACKLER HITS GROUND HERE SLIDES OUT OF BOUNDS Where would the ball be spotted? What signal would the sideline official give to the Referee in the last 3 minutes of a half to indicate the ball was in bounds or out of bounds?

Rules of the Game Rules Mastery is an Apprentice Program THEN:
Intelligent enforcement Learn basics first; then learn specifics Learn to recognize legal vs. illegal THEN: Rules in detail And Penalty application Rules Mastery is an Apprentice Program

What are the basics? Points of emphasis for the starting official in learning the rules 1 Rule 1 – Conduct of the game basic rules required for sideline official a) When is the ball live b) When is the ball dead c) When does timing stop d) Is the ball in bounds or out of bounds 2. Rule Scrimmage (covered in Lesson 5) a) Section1 Definitions- Line of scrimmage Neutral zone Close line play area Line and Backfield b) Section Method of Scrimmage c) Section Requirements for legal scrimmage

Section 5 Interference on a Kick from Scrimmage or Return kicks
3. Rule 5 Kicking Section 1 Definitions Section 2 Kick off Section 5 Interference on a Kick from Scrimmage or Return kicks 4. Rule 6 Passing Section 1 Lateral or Onside pass Section 2 Hand Off Pass Section 3 Offside Pass Section 4 Forward Pass 5. Rule 7 Fouls and Penalties Section 1 Illegal tactics Section 2 Rough play Section 3 Unnecessary Roughness Section 4 Objectionable Conduct 6. Rule 9 Miscellaneous

The ball is in play when:
Live Ball Rule 1 Section 7 Article 1 and Section 8 Article 1 The ball is in play when: a) It has been put into play by a kick off or scrimmage, until a field official stops the play by sounding his whistle. b) It strikes an official who is not out of bounds, except on a forward pass. c) It is on the ground not in possession of a player. d) A forward pass is intercepted by a player in his own end zone. f) An offside pass is made and/or the ball goes loose. e) A ball is dribbled in bounds. f) A dribbled ball hits the goal post assembly. g) A kicked ball hits the goal post assembly after striking the ground, a player, or official, or after being kicked from the end zone.

LIVE BALL h) The ball is not dead when a player goes to one or both knees in making a catch from any punt, place kick, drop kick, or kick off an opponent or in attempting to field the ball on a snap from the center, provided that such action is part of the attempt to catch the ball. (1-8)

Live Ball It is held in position by a player for the purposes of making a place kick, except on a kick off. It is legal for the placekick holder, who was on his knee in possession of the ball, to rise, pass, or advance the ball. The ball is not dead when it is being held for a field goal attempt, regardless of what happens afterwards. (1-8)

Live Ball (2) RETRIVES BALL… 3)Passess or runs (3) PASSE OR RUNS
ON FIELD GOAL TRY MUFFS SNAP 2) PICKS UP THE BALL If the snap is fumbled, A12 may recover the ball legally and advance the ball provided that when he regains possession in (2), no part of his body, other than hands or feet, touch the ground. (1-8)

DEAD BALL The ball becomes dead when:
A field official blows his whistle to end play. The ball, or player with the ball in his possession goes out of bounds

DEAD BALL GOAL LINE c) Any score is made
d) The ball carrier is tackled, held and his forward progress is stopped. e) A forward pass is declared incomplete, or it strikes a game official, the goal post assembly, downs box marker or distance chain rod, f) It is in possession of a player lying on the ground or is being held by a player for a kick off, prior to the kickoff. END ZONE

DEAD BALL g) The ball is automatically dead when it strikes the goal post assembly in flight:

DEAD BALL h) The ball is dead when any part of a ball carrier, other than his hands or feet, touches the ground, even without contact by an opponent. The ball shall be dead at the point where it was held when the ball carrier touched the ground. (1-8)

Not Just “Black and White”
Study Methods Develop an organized method of study Rule by rule method Theme method Cover to Cover method For detailed explanation of these study methods read article entitled Using You Rule book/Case Book by Bill Glendinning NBFOA- readings section Learn Intent of Rules Not Just “Black and White”

Improving Rules Knowledge
Regular reading and study Attend study sessions Study rules related to the position being worked Exams as a learning tool For detailed explanation of these study methods read article entitled “GETTING INTO THE GAME”by Bill Glendinning NBFOA- support materials section

Learning the Rules In conclusion as a starting official concentrate on: Basics to Play Legal vs. Illegal Then the Applications & Complications

Rule Study for Sideline Officials
In Lesson 5 rules were introduced for requirements at the line of scrimmage and related fouls. In this section rules that apply to action of players along the sidelines and on the field of play that would involve the sideline official in passing situations are examined. 1. FORWARD PASS LEGAL OR NOT? 2. SIDELINE FORWARD PASS COMPLETE OR NOT ? 3. LINEMEN - INELIGIBLE NUMBERS Do worksheet entitled Worksheets 8 You Make the Call-illegal actions. Submit answers as directed

Illustrated Rule Book The Quebec Football Officials Association has prepared the illustrated rule book in an electronic format. Visual illustrations of rules often help in understanding what rules mean. The illustrated rule may assist in providing uniformity to the administration of the rules Illustrated rule book is located in the support materials section

Lesson 10 Post Game and What’s Next
Post game meetings Keeping a journal Getting off to a good start Pre game preparation What’s next

Post Game Meeting At the end of every game , the post game meeting and follow up are a valuable learning tool for all officials and especially a new official. Post game meetings allow the official to: - Discuss your game while it is still clear in your mind - Ask questions on play situations and rule (s) and their applications - receive a critique from the referee and game supervisor -comments provided to you should be viewed as constructive criticism and should be used a to identify areas of strength an areas where improvement is needed

Post Game Follow up Keep a journal (log book or diary) of what happened at your at your game - List comments received and note the areas to work on for next game. - Identify what you plan to work on for your next game. - Use as a check list, from game to game to track your development. Example: Identify something that you did differently and not necessarily wrong Did I have a good/bad Pass Interference call? Did I read the keys right? Did I report the foul clearly to the Referee? Did I provide enough information

Getting Off to a Good Start Preliminary Preparation
Watch games as Official Active Part of Meetings Good Quality Equipment Conditioning - 4 Quarters Preseason Scrimmages Learn the Basics First

Getting Off to a Good Start Pre-game Preparation
Know your Fields Travel with Officials Be on Time – Be Early Be rested & Be Sharp Be ready for anything At the game Have a Positive Approach Avoid Beginner’s Mistakes (Do’s & Don’ts)

What’s next Submit your Level exam and have a year on field experience to complete the requirements for your Level 1 FCOCP. Start planning to enroll in the FCOCP Level 2 program. All officials should strive to obtain their Level 3 certification. The first 3 levels of the FCOCP provides an individual basic knowledge of the basic field positions of: Sideline official - Level 1 Umpire Level 2 Referee/Back Umpire - Level 3 Hopefully you have started a lengthy and enjoyable career as a football official. The road may lead to higher levels of football at the university and perhaps the professional levels. Where ever the road leads have fun and enjoy the game.

Glossary of Terms

Appearance a) Physical conditioning- to be able to stay in
position, keep sharp, and pull your weight on the officiating team, physical conditioning is a must. - It doesn't come automatically- you have to develop it. - Seek qualified assistance in developing an appropriate program. b) Appearance- Looking the part is half the battle - Sloppy, unkempt appearance is read by players and coaches as ineptness

Attitude Develop a positive attitude towards the Game, Players, Coaches, League Administrators, Fans and other Officials. Develop a co-operative attitude/atmosphere Give back to the game-share knowledge with others

Your Foremost Concern: The individual Athlete
The master official is primarily concerned with the protection of the players. In most instances his actions are prompted by this concern, for example a) He wants to prevent injuries, and he knows that in many sports good officiating can prevent many damaging and unnecessary injuries. b) He wants to encourage sportsman like behaviour, and he understands the importance of his job in promoting such behaviour. c) He knows that correct rulings can motivate player improvement through the trial –and – error process. d) He does not discourage questions on the rules, because he knows that players don’t know all the rules. e) He wants to keep all the players in the game, and he knows that in many cases the ejection or disqualification of a player can be prevented. (continued next slide)

Your Foremost Concern: The individual Athlete continued
f) He is willing to eject or disqualify a player when the rules and spirit of the game demand such action because the protection of the other players and the quality of the game itself are involved In addition, the particular player can learn from the experience of being disqualified. The official who is able and willing to use “protection of the players” as his guide will be amazed at its effectiveness, especially in making difficult decisions. To test this theory, try it against any seemingly hopeless officiating situation that you can imagine. Ask yourself, what should be done for the players’ protection. Perhaps the indicated decision may not be completely acceptable, but it will be the best decision if based upon concern for the individual athlete. The new official must be constantly reminded of his responsibility to the players. SPORTS WAS CREATED FOR THE PLAYERS-not the officials

Certification Maintenance
In order to maintain you FCOCP level an official must work games at the position level of play Score a mark of 75% on a the annual CFOA rules exam

Courage - Make all calls to the best of your ability
- Don't hedge on difficult calls - Don't be influenced by players, fans or coaches -Anyone can call the obvious- the competent official makes the difficult calls in the manner described above

CFOA Canadian Football Officials’ Association
The CFOA mandate: 1. Participating in the development and implementation of educational materials. 2. Developing programs to support the recruitment and retention of officials. 3. Providing a means of communication for membership associations. 4. Providing a vehicle of recognition to outstanding service across the country.

Challenges Take advantage of opportunities that present themselves.
Make changes that lead to self improvement. Accept challenges (i.e. assignments, working on projects etc.. Work on developing self confidence.

Confidence (Poise) - Act deliberately- maintain a steady pace when
calling infractions- even hesitate slightly on the obvious to develop this uniformity. -Volatile situations require calmness on the official's part. -Avoid the "I caught you" manner in your actions and instructions. -Use your whistle with authority

Consistency - Inconsistency is the coach's major complaint
- Know the intent of the rule and apply it accordingly - The time of the game has no bearing on your calls

DATA TO FOOTALL CANADA Mark will be registered with Football Canada
Football Canada will provide the official a certificate and card identifying the official's certification level In order to retain a certain level of certification the official must be active at that level of play for which that level of certification is required. Each year officials must write a CFOA exam and score a grade of 75%

Decisiveness -Avoids the aspect of controversial calls
-Creates a positive image in terms of rule knowledge -Hesitancy is the opposite to decisiveness -If a decision has to be made - make it properly without delay

Set Deadlines Set deadlines for your goals
Primary goals- what do wish to accomplish over the next year or so? Intermediate goals- where do you want to be in 3-5 years Long term goals- lifetime/career goals in officiating

Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating
DO get physically fit and stay in condition Don’t criticize other officials, be loyal and display confidence DO know the rules thoroughly Don’t fraternize with players or coaches during the season DO communicate with your fellow officials. Assist the new official. Don’t talk “out of school” to friends, players, press, etc. DO cooperate with others and show good team work Don’t lose your temper under any circumstances, be impersonal DO be dedicated to the game Don’t become personally involved in any play or incident . Stay detached from the game. DO dress and appear clean and standard Don’t argue with any player or coach about the rules, on or off the field. DO put yourself above reproach in your personal behavior (betting, drinking, fraternizing) Don’t have rabbit ears Do have the courage of your convictions. Don’t over –officiate DO be courteous, but firm Don’t coast or relax in a dull game DO be consistent with your calls Don’t threaten a player or coach, caution only DO use your judgment. Warn first on technical fouls. Don’t let players get behind you continued next side

Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating continued
DO set your officiating pattern early and keep it Don’t turn your back on another’s mistake. Correction must be made at the time. DO cover your position and read the play situations. Don’t warn on roughness or objectionable conduct DO get the correct number of the penalized player Don’t make slow decisions. Better fast and wrong, than right and slow DO know for certain where the ball is if you are whistling the play dead. Don’t be half-hearted or hesitant in your penalty calls DO know where the ball is when you call a penalty Don’t be afraid to admit a mistake to the referee. He can wash out the penalty flag. DO assist the Referee in every conceivable way Don’t second guess in order to save a few steps DO call early and save yourself the last minute brawl Don’t walk away from close decisions DO check the penalty yardages, when it’s 5 yards, see that it is not 4 or 6, and 10 not 9 or 11. Don’t second guess the Referee, or make any explanations to players, coaches , or fans of the call DO remember to use TINS when reporting penalties Don’t tell a team if they are one or men short or too many. Tell them” count your players” DO report penalties clearly and calmly Don’t call when you ”Have-not-Could-not or Did not” see the whole action. A bloody nose is not a ”punch”. DO stay with the Referee on your penalty calls. Don’t call on anticipation (continued next slide)

Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating
45. Do keep close to the play, always looking in 46. Don’t call blocking from the rear or blocking below the waist unless you saw the initial contact. 47. DO see the whole scene, not just the end of it. 48. Don’t defer to another penalty call, even though it’s different than yours. 49. DO get the furthest point of the advance of the ball. 50. Don’t throw a so-called ”back up” flag. Either you saw an infraction or you didn’t. 51 DO be responsible in your acceptance of game assignments 52 Don’t turn to the Referee immediately you have penalty infraction. Your coverage continues until the play is dead. 53 DO be punctual for games (at the pre-game start time) 54 Don’t call the penalty, just call the infraction. It is “Rough Play” not ”He’s out of the ball game”. 55 DO signal the infraction when reporting it to the Referee ?? 56 Don’t hold conferences on the field near players of coaches. 57 DO check the score card at the end of the game for disqualification numbers 58 Don’t forget the game ball. 59 Do be prepared to talk over game procedures Video and TV allow us to be looked at many times over. We work in a fish-bowl, yet must go unnoticed

Duties and Mechanics - Know where to be and when. - Develop teamwork
- Being in the right place facilitates decision making - Make use of clinics, manuals and training is to develop this aspect of your officiating

Educator Briefly explains the rule and its proper interpretation

Football Canada Oversees the operation of football in Canada .In 2007 Football Canada is under a major structural reorganization. There are three grouping of football in Football Canada: Tackle ,Touch and Flag In terms of officiating each has their officials organizations 188

Set Goals Set long term and short term goals.
What do you wish to achieve as an Official? At what positions, levels, etc. do wish to officiate?

Hustle - The key to better mechanics - Visibly obvious
-Creates a positive impression

Integrity The capable official wants to see the game progress correctly, without bias or inconsistency. In spite of pressures he will not be unduly influenced by the score, time remaining, or reactions of the players, coaches or fans nor will he be influenced by the direction of previous decisions. To a considerable degree, he sees each movement of the competition as a moment in itself, unconnected with what has happened previously. In certain instances, great courage and personal confidence are required in order for an official to rule with absolute integrity, but this is exactly what he MUST do. Not even the home coach appreciates a "homer" official. Regardless of circumstances, the official must be completely honest in all phases of his job, especially in his appreciation of the rules, and his relationship with fellow officials, players and coaches. Officiating integrity is a product of personal honesty and reliability. A potentially outstanding official can rise or fall according to the integrity he demonstrates. SPREAD CONFIDENCE - NOT DISTRUST

Jobs of the Official 1. A smooth flow to the game
Officials are present to administer the game and to assist in having the game proceed in as smooth a fashion as possible. It is the Officials job to set the pace that allows the game to move quickly and smoothly 2. Game Played within the rules a) A main function of an Official is to enforce the rules – to see that the game is played within the rules and within the spirit of the rules b) Officials are there to ensure that no player takes an “unfair advantage” of an opponent. c) Also part of the job, where possible, is to prevent fouls and injuries. d) Always be concerned for “Player safety” as part of the rules “ enforcement”. CONTINUED NEXT TWO SIDES

Jobs of an Official continued
3. Little interference a) Officials should NOT take the game away from the Players. b) The game is for the Players and people go to the games to watch the play and Players , not the Officials. c) One of the greatest compliments for an Official is to go unnoticed because of his/her efficient handling of a game. 4. Preventing fouls a) Preventative officiating is the watchword for today’s successful Official. b) Positive action can often prevent Players from committing fouls/infractions. c) Field presence can often be a deterrent to infractions being committed . d) Using your voice to give warnings and being in position to make rulings are great assets toward successful “preventative officiating”.

Jobs of an Official continued
5. Making the Call a) Learn to recognize what is “LEGAL” and what is “ILLEGAL” b) Recognize infractions/fouls and “MAKE THE CALL” c) Don’t back away from the “CLOSE CALLS”. d) Sometimes the best call is “A NO CALL”. e) A rule of thumb to follow, “ NO HARM, NO FOUL”. LEARN THE BASICS OF OFFICIATING FIRST, details and refinements will come with experience.

Judgment - Related to knowledge and understanding of the rules.
-Developed through experience and self analysis -An unending development project -Each situation should be ruled upon within its own context

Learn from Others Observe other officials-observe high caliber /quality Officials Attend games to observe officiating mechanics Work with experienced Officials Attend clinics, conferences, weekly study sessions

LOCAL PROVINCIAL FOOTBALL OFFICIALS’ASSOCIATIONS (FOA )
Local Football Associations (FOA) provide officiating services to teams and leagues in their local area are members of the CFOA

Mistakes Learn from your mistakes
Try to turn mistakes into a positive learning situation Avoid dwelling on the negative – move ahead Try not to repeat mistakes-dwell on how to correct the error

Objectivity - Avoid popular decisions
- Judge each play on its own merits Ask yourself- "If I had to call it again, would i call it the same way?"

Official's Transfer The President of the Local FOA will provide a transferring official with a letter identifying the level of football officiated by the official and the certification level of the official

ON FIELD EVALUATION On field evaluation
requirement for all levels except level 1 carried out on a the playing field with the official under actual game conditions official must have an evaluation for every position at which he/she wishes to be certified

OTC FOOTBALL CANADA OFFICIALS’ TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Official Technical Committee (OTC) A sub committee of Football Canada The OTC is responsible for developing programs and training aids to improve and standardize football officiating in Canada at the amateur level The OTC is charged with the development of the course conductor and student manuals for the Football Canada Officials Certification Program

Look the Part Work on conditioning-develop stamina
Work at perfecting Positioning and Mechanics Know the Rules and their application Look Sharp on the field-Hustle, Hustle, Hustle

Positive Rapport - Display courtesy and respect at all times
- Be human - yet remain in control - Be approachable and receptive to questions - Be aware of the image you are portraying

PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Provincial Associations govern the operations of football at the provincial level.

Psychologist He understands the feelings of players ,coaches and spectators, and through his understanding he is able to show respect and in turn gain their respect. Be business like in your approach to each game towards Players, Coaches, Administrators fans etc. You are there to do a job, not to be a “friend”

Reaction time The speed of the decision is directly
proportional to its acceptance. - Speed of decision leads to game control -Anticipation of infractions leads to errors -Poor reaction time limits officiating success

Restrictions Regional restrictions due to the level of play in your area Number of leagues, games played ,etc. in your area Availability for game appointments Work on developing self confidence

Rules Knowledge Intelligent Rule Enforcement
The rules have evolved from the concentrated attention of many experts over a period of years. As such, the rules command respect and demand enforcement. The official is expected to show respect for the game and for the players by KNOWING the rules and ENFORCING them .To do otherwise usually brings unwanted consequences of disorganized games, unsportsmanlike acts and even the danger of injury Applying the rules requires the use of judgment on the part of the master official. In particular instances he will refuse to call certain apparent violations, while in other circumstances, he will call almost invisible acts. He is concerned about preserving the ideal of the game through his rule enforcement. The purpose of the playing rules is to ”TO PENALIZE A PLAYER WHO, BY REASON OF AN ILLEGAL ACT, PLACES HIS OPPONENT AT A DISADVANTAGE” In rulings where judgment is permissible, the competent official is more concerned about the effect of the illegal act than the act itself. For example, the rules state that when an attacking player is blocking his opponent, his hands must be must be contact with his body. This rule is to prevent a player from reaching out with his hands to create interference and to prevent striking with the hands or fists. Blocking is supposed to take place with the body. If this rule was applied literally an infraction would occur anytime space was detected between the blocker’s body and his hands. No capable official would administer the rule that way, but would judge the act in terms of the total situation and the effect that it had on the play. (continued on next slide)

Rules Knowledge Intelligent Rule Enforcement continued
This philosophy is essentially correct, because when properly employed, it assures that the spirit of the game prevails, rather than, exact and petty rule enforcement. Two cautions should be noted: (i) The philosophy does not apply to all rules or even to most rules. A player is in bounds of out of bounds. In most cases, the official is asked not to exercise his judgment, but to call immediately what he has seen. (ii) when the philosophy does not apply, the official must know and understand the correct rule interpretation so that his decisions are as consistent as possible. It permits the official to be flexible, but if he is inconsistent as well as flexible, both he and the game will soon be in trouble.

Rule Knowledge An exact knowledge of the rules and their intent
is essential. - Constant review is needed to stay on top -Case books provide an excellent refresher Quizzes and exams should be used as learning devices by reviewing areas of error.

Salesman Influences players toward fair, clean and sportsmanlike play and away from unsportsmanlike conduct. Present and sell yourself as a competent Official to others Always use honesty and integrity in all aspects of the game. Make your calls/no calls to the best of your ability. Try not to be influenced by the score, time of game position on the field, fans etc.

Statesman He speaks clearly and logically when it is necessary for him to speak Limit your contact with those involved in the game to the affairs of the day: matters concerning the game, not a social visit/gathering

Sound Human relationships
It has been said with considerable truth that officiating is more like an art than a science. Building sound relationships with fellow officials, players, coaches and fans while under fire of intense athletic rivalry call for an “artist’s touch”. (a) Relationship with Fellow officials For the most part, officials are on their own at the game. If their mutual support and team work break down, problems in other relationships will certainly increase. The ability to team with fellow officials is an absolute essential to a well handled game. Uniformity of decisions is of utmost importance. Each must have complete faith in the other, and the greatest harmony must exist. Domination by one official may cause a poorly administer game. You should welcome the assistance and support of other, rather than resent the other making a decision which you feel is your responsibility. Your position, even though close to the play, may not have been advantageous. Always be ready to cover plays for the other official who may be momentarily caught out of position. ASSIST - DON’T RESIST - YOUR FELLOW OFFICIALS (b) Relationships with players Good relationships between players and officials are of fundamental importance to effective officiating. Coaches and fans can sense the quality of player –official relationship, and their judgment of the official is influenced by the way they sense. Officials should be neither overly friendly nor aloof in their dealings with players. Players tend to mistrust an official who seems to be trying to win a popularity contest with both teams. They expect an official to act like an official who has an important job to do.

Sound Human relationships continued
(b) Relationships with players continued The degree to which an official should try to be helpful varies considerably according to the level of play. In professional sports, a particularly helpful official would be treated with amazement or scorn, whereas in youth contests a competent official will not hesitate to actually teach the rules at appropriate moments. A domineering or dictatorial official upsets the players. Officials must be or at least act human and approachable. An official must show respect for players if he wishes to gain respect. When unsportsmanlike acts occur, they should be penalized, immediately, in as calm a manner as possible. UN sportsmanlike act usually create excitement and emotional reactions by players, coaches, and fans. What is especially needed is not anger or revenge, but an accurate and efficient penalty, enforced confidently and calmly USE YOUR STRONG POINTS TO WIN RESPECT( see next slide)

(c) Relationship with Coaches As implied by the rules of most sports, contact between the coaches and officials should be businesslike., friendly, respectful and LIMITED. The coach is concerned about an official’s mechanics and judgment. He is not likely to be concerned about whether or not an official wishes to be his friend. Under such circumstances , considerable tact is needed. Often the upset coach is he type that can be calmed down almost as easily as he became excited. A businesslike, but not unfriendly explanation of the decision may prevent serious consequences. The official should not over –react to the excited coach, but he must enforce obvious infractions by the coach. If there is a choice between protecting the coach or the game, the game must be considered first. BE PLEASANT, BUT FIRM AND FEARLESS

(d) Relationships with Fans. While the official’s main attention is directed to the game and the player, and partially to the coaches, the presence of fans cannot be ignored. The trend of an athletic event can be harmed by intense spectator reactions. However, this rarely occurs if the officials of the game do their work well, that is , they maintain good position, are decisive in judgment, an signal clearly.

(e) Summary Sound public reactions must be a part of competent officiating because sports involve human beings with opposing loyalties. These human beings possess different backgrounds, abilities and emotional responses. In fact some of them will not like officials-period. Apparently the sports officials cannot satisfy everyone, nor should this be his aim. He should show respect for others, avoiding antagonizing anyone, and be approachable. His main efforts should be directed toward the best officiating job he can produce. MAKE DECSIONS CLEARLY.

Support Support is required: a) at home (family support)
b) at work (employer and fellow employees) c) from fellow Officials (work together as a team)

Theory Clinics Teaches the fundamental skills technical skills,
rules ,and mechanics knowledge , philosophy of officiating, and appreciation of the interpersonal relations which are required to become a top official

Time In and Out Signals When will the Side Line Official Use them ?
- given when down field for kick off Time out -called a foul- when play is over signal time out - player injury - on every play after three minute signal in the last 3 minutes of the second and fourth quarters, if you blow your whistle if ball dead in your zone

WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS content of the theory portion of each level of the clinic is 75% theory and 25% rules. Every level writes a written exam. Levels 2 to 4 must also complete an on field evaluation Level 1 open book exam meant to familiarize a starting official with training material and rule book. Level 2 to Level 4 write a formal exam Passing levels are Level 2 75% Level 3 80% Level 4 85%

Hard work Give 100% for every assignment, at all levels
Work at self improvement Show interest and work towards achieving your goals

Why do we need capable officials to guide the game?
The competition is guided by capable official. Such officials cause the contests to be conducted as they were meant to be, and cause the result to be based upon player ability and observance of the rules. Officials should be guided by an overall aim of causing the game to progress smoothly with as little interference as possible.

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