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2. Standardized Test Prep
Resources
Chapter Presentation
Bellringers
Transparencies
Standardized Test Prep

3. Chapter 9 Table of Contents Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Classification
Table of Contents
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

4. Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Bellringer
Think about the different ways humans classify things. In your science journal, list at least five things that humans classify.

5. Objectives Chapter 9 Explain why and how organisms are classified.
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Objectives
Explain why and how organisms are classified.
List the eight levels of classification.
Explain scientific names.
Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.

6. Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Why Classify?
Answering Questions The classification of living things makes it easier for biologist to answer many important questions such as:
1. How many known species are there?
2. What are the defining characteristics of each species?
3. What are the relationships between these species?

7. How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
Classification Today Taxonomists use the eight-level system to classify living things based on shared characteristics.
Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram, several characteristics are listed along the line that points to the right. Each characteristic is shared by the animals to the right of it.

8. Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out

9. Levels of Classification
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Levels of Classification
Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of classification are:
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

10. Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out

11. Scientific Names Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Scientific Names
One Species, One Name A scientific name is always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be.
Two-Part Names The first part of a species’s name is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The second part of the name is the species name.

12. Dichotomous Keys Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Dichotomous Keys
What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements.
Two-Part Names By working through the statements in a dichotomous key in order, a person can eventually identify an unknown organism.

13. Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out

14. A Growing System Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
A Growing System
Still Discoveries to Make People are still discovering and classifying organisms.
Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new organisms are found that are so different from other known organisms that new classes, phyla, and so on must be formed.

15. Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Bellringer
List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the names on your list by style of music. Describe in your science journal the categories you chose and explain which bands might fit into more than one category.

16. Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives
Explain how classification developed as greater numbers of organisms became known.
Describe the three domains.
Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya

17. Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
What Is It?
What Is Used to Classify Organisms? Organisms are classified by their characteristics.
Adding New Classification Categories As scientists continue to learn about living things, they add classification categories that account for the characteristics of different organisms.

18. The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
The Domain Archaea Archaea are one of two kinds of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Most are known to live in extreme environments.
The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are another kind of prokaryote. Bacteria can be found in soil, water, and even on and inside the human body.

19. The Domain Eukarya Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya
The Kingdom Protista Today members of the kingdom Protista commonly called protists, are single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms.
Protista contains many kinds of organisms, including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids.

20. The Domain Eukarya, continued
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya, continued
The Kingdom Fungi Molds and mushrooms are examples of the complex, multicelluar members of the kingdom Fungi.
Fungi do not perform photosynthesis or eat food. Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances in their surroundings.

21. The Kingdom Plantae Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Plantae
Plants The kingdom Plantae consists of organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make food through photosynthesis.
Examples of Plantae Sequoia trees, roses, grasses, ferns, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Plantae.

22. The Kingdom Animalia Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Animalia
Animals The kingdom Animalia contains complex, multicellular organisms that don’t have cell walls, are usually able to move around, and have specialized sense organs.
Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards, fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Animalia.
Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.

23. Chapter 9
Classification
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
kingdom
species
class
classification
family
scientific name
order
taxonomy
phylum

24. Chapter 9
Classification

25. Chapter 9
Classification

26. End of Chapter 9 Show

27. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
Reading
Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.

28. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
Passage 1 When organizing life on Earth into categories, we must remember that organisms are not equally distributed throughout the categories of our classification system. We often think of Earth’s living things as only the plants and animals that live on
Earth’s surface. However, the largest domains in terms of mass are the domains Archaea and Bacteria. And a common home of archaea and bacteria may be deep within the Earth’s crust.

29. Chapter 9 1. In the passage, what does distributed mean? A divided
Standardized Test Preparation
1. In the passage, what does distributed mean?
A divided
B important
C visible
D variable

30. Chapter 9 1. In the passage, what does distributed mean? A divided
Standardized Test Preparation
1. In the passage, what does distributed mean?
A divided
B important
C visible
D variable

31. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
2. According to the passage, what are most of the organisms living on Earth?
F plants
G animals
H fungi
I archaea and bacteria

32. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
2. According to the passage, what are most of the organisms living on Earth?
F plants
G animals
H fungi
I archaea and bacteria

33. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following statements is a fact according to the passage?
A All organisms are equally distributed over Earth’s surface.
B Plants are the most important organisms on Earth.
C Many bacteria may live deep within Earth’s crust.
D Archaea and bacteria are equally distributed over Earth’s surface.

34. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following statements is a fact according to the passage?
A All organisms are equally distributed over Earth’s surface.
B Plants are the most important organisms on Earth.
C Many bacteria may live deep within Earth’s crust.
D Archaea and bacteria are equally distributed over Earth’s surface.

35. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
Passage 2 When you think of an animal, what do you imagine? You may think of a dog, a cat, or a parrot. All of those organisms are animals. But the animal kingdom also includes some members that might surprise you, such as worms, insects, corals, and sponges.

36. Chapter 9 1. In the passage, what is coral? A a kind of animal
Standardized Test Preparation
1. In the passage, what is coral?
A a kind of animal
B a kind of insect
C a color similar to pink
D an organism found in lakes and streams

37. Chapter 9 1. In the passage, what is coral? A a kind of animal
Standardized Test Preparation
1. In the passage, what is coral?
A a kind of animal
B a kind of insect
C a color similar to pink
D an organism found in lakes and streams

38. Chapter 9 2. What can you infer from the passage?
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What can you infer from the passage?
F All members of the animal kingdom are visible.
G Parrots make good pets.
H Not all members of the animal kingdom have DNA.
I Members of the animal kingdom come in many shapes and sizes.

39. Chapter 9 2. What can you infer from the passage?
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What can you infer from the passage?
F All members of the animal kingdom are visible.
G Parrots make good pets.
H Not all members of the animal kingdom have DNA.
I Members of the animal kingdom come in many shapes and sizes.

40. Chapter 9 3. Which of the following can you infer from the passage?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following can you infer from the passage?
A Worms and corals make good pets.
B Corals and cats have some traits in common.
C All organisms are animals.
D Worms, corals, insects, and sponges are in the same family.

41. Chapter 9 3. Which of the following can you infer from the passage?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following can you infer from the passage?
A Worms and corals make good pets.
B Corals and cats have some traits in common.
C All organisms are animals.
D Worms, corals, insects, and sponges are in the same family.

42. Chapter 9 4. In the passage, what does members mean? F teammates
Standardized Test Preparation
4. In the passage, what does members mean?
F teammates
G limbs
H individuals admitted to a club
I components

43. Chapter 9 4. In the passage, what does members mean? F teammates
Standardized Test Preparation
4. In the passage, what does members mean?
F teammates
G limbs
H individuals admitted to a club
I components

44. Interpreting Graphics
Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
Interpreting Graphics
The Venn diagrams below show two classification systems. Use the diagrams to
answer the questions that follow.

45. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
1. For Classification system A, which of the following statements is true?
A All organisms in group 6 are in group 7.
B All organisms in group 5 are in group 4.
C All organisms in group 6 are in group 1.
D All organisms in group 2 are in group 1.

46. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
1. For Classification system A, which of the following statements is true?
A All organisms in group 6 are in group 7.
B All organisms in group 5 are in group 4.
C All organisms in group 6 are in group 1.
D All organisms in group 2 are in group 1.

47. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
2. For Classification system A, which of the following statements is true?
F All organisms in group 3 are in group 2.
G All organisms in group 3 are in group 4.
H All organisms in group 3 are in group 1.
I All organisms in group 3 are in every other group.

48. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
2. For Classification system A, which of the following statements is true?
F All organisms in group 3 are in group 2.
G All organisms in group 3 are in group 4.
H All organisms in group 3 are in group 1.
I All organisms in group 3 are in every other group.

49. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
3. For Classification system B, which of the following statements is true?
A All organisms in group 1 are in group 6.
B All organisms in group 6 are in group 1.
C All organisms in group 3 are in group 1.
D All organisms in group 2 are in group 5.

50. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
3. For Classification system B, which of the following statements is true?
A All organisms in group 1 are in group 6.
B All organisms in group 6 are in group 1.
C All organisms in group 3 are in group 1.
D All organisms in group 2 are in group 5.

51. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
4. For Classification system B, which of the following statements is true?
F All organisms in group 4 are in group 1, 2, and 5.
G All organisms in group 4 are in groups 3 and 5.
H All organisms in group 4 are in groups 5 and 6.
I All organisms in group 4 are in groups 1, 5, and 6.

52. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
4. For Classification system B, which of the following statements is true?
F All organisms in group 4 are in group 1, 2, and 5.
G All organisms in group 4 are in groups 3 and 5.
H All organisms in group 4 are in groups 5 and 6.
I All organisms in group 4 are in groups 1, 5, and 6.

53. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
5. In Classification system B, which group contains organisms that are not in group 1?
A 2
B 4
C 5
D 6

54. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
5. In Classification system B, which group contains organisms that are not in group 1?
A 2
B 4
C 5
D 6

55. Chapter 9 Math Read each question, and choose the best answer.
Standardized Test Preparation
Math
Read each question, and choose the best answer.

56. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Scientists estimate that millions of species have not yet been discovered and classified. About 1.8 million species have been discovered and classified. If scientists think that this 1.8 million makes up only 10% of the total number of species on Earth, how many species do scientists think exist on Earth?
A 180 million
B 18 million
C 1.8 million
D 180,000

57. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Scientists estimate that millions of species have not yet been discovered and classified. About 1.8 million species have been discovered and classified. If scientists think that this 1.8 million makes up only 10% of the total number of species on Earth, how many species do scientists think exist on Earth?
A 180 million
B 18 million
C 1.8 million
D 180,000

58. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Sequoia trees can grow to more than 90 m in height. There are 3.28 feet in 1 meter. How many feet are in 90 m?
F 27.4 ft
G 95.2 ft
H 270 ft
I ft

59. Chapter 9
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Sequoia trees can grow to more than 90 m in height. There are 3.28 feet in 1 meter. How many feet are in 90 m?
F 27.4 ft
G 95.2 ft
H 270 ft
I ft