1. US Presidents
Created by Mr. Steve Hauprich for acceleration and remediation of US History students

2. George Washington…was a heroic model
for future US Presidents…a very high
standard…many just don’t measure up

3. Washington’s Accomplishments Led the USA to Independence
Led the Constitutional Convention
Important precedents as 1st President
non-alliance / neutrality foreign policy
effectively suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion
negotiated treaty w/ Spain for access to New Orleans
brilliant 1st Cabinet w/ Hamilton and Jefferson
effective US financial plan
served only two terms and retired

4. Correct Answer Number: 1
The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not provide military aid. Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism. Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us. Which speaker states a policy most similar to the foreign policy advice given by President George Washington in his Farewell Address?
1) A
2) B
3) C
4) D
Correct Answer Number: 1
Explanation: In his farewell address George Washington warned the fledgling America to stay clear of “entangling alliances” with the Europeans, but to continue economic ties with the continent. He also sent warnings about the dangers of political parties and the factions they could create, dividing the American people

5. Thomas Jefferson
fit the heroic model
of US President…
…although not a
military hero…
…authoring the
political theory of
The Declaration of
Independence…
exalted his
reputation.

6. Jefferson’s Accomplishments Declaration of Independence
and Ambassador to France
1st US Secretary of State
under George Washington
Significant Actions as 3rd US President
peaceful transition to power after election of 1800
does not renew Adams’ controversial Sedition Act
Louisiana Purchase Treaty … “Loose Construction”
Lewis & Clark Expedition = scientific discovery
US War with Barbary Pirates
US Neutrality w/ Britain & France…Embargo Act

7. The legal basis for the United States purchase of the Louisiana Territory was the
power granted to the President to make treaties
President’s power as Commander in Chief
authority of Congress to declare war
Senate’s duty to approve the appointment of ambassadors
Correct Answer Number: 1
Explanation: Thomas Jefferson used the presidential power of treaty making to make the Louisiana Purchase from France. This action was considered a loose interpretation of the Constitution, which does not provide for the presidential acquisition of territory. While Jefferson was ideologically for a strict interpretation of the Constitution, the excellent opportunity offered by the Louisiana Purchase was too good to pass up.

8. Andrew Jackson
fit the heroic model
of US President…
…Old Hickory was
a military hero…
…leading the USA
allied forces to
victory over the
British in the War of 1812’s
Battle of New Orleans

9. Jackson’s accomplishments General Jackson is the Hero of the
Battle of New Orleans
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Significant Actions as 7th President
initiates Spoils System…era of the Common Man
Veto of the 2nd Bank of the United States
suppresses South Carolina’s nullification of tariffs
allows Indian Removal…in spite of Supreme Court
retires after two terms…Washington tradition

10. At times, the United States Government has passed protective tariffs to
encourage foreign trade
help the nation’s manufacturers
reduce the cost of consumer goods
improve the quality of goods
Correct Answer Number: 2
Explanation: Tariffs are taxes placed upon goods being imported into a nation. The imported goods then have a higher total price (after the tax) then similar goods manufactured within the nation itself. This protects the domestic manufactures from having to compete with lower priced, foreign made products. This concept has been applied many time in US history (it was part of Hamilton’s economic plan; the Tariff of 1828 was highly unpopular; tariffs were also applied in the 1920’s and are seen as a contributing factor in the great depression.) President Jackson
threatened South Carolina for their attempt to nullify US tariff laws.

11. Abraham Lincoln did not fit the heroic model… was best known
…the Rail Splitter
was best known
as a Trial Lawyer…
…he was hailed as
Honest Abe…
…believer in Banks,
Tariffs, Railroads,
and Free Labor.

12. Lincoln’s Accomplishments Congressman Lincoln (one term / 2 years)
US Senate Candidate (lost the election 1858)
great campaign speech…”A House Divided”
1st Republican Elected US President
won in the North…not on ballots in the South
Significant Actions as 16th US President
great 1st Inaugural Address…keeps 4 Border States
successful strategy for Preserving the Union
executive order Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address…speech defines the Civil War
great 2nd Inaugural Address…forgives 11 rebel states
opposes plans by Congress to punish the South

13. Which argument did President Abraham Lincoln use against the secession of the Southern States?
Slavery was not profitable
The government was a union of people and not of states.
The Southern States did not permit their people to vote on secession.
As the Commander in Chief, he had the duty to defend the United States against foreign invasion.
Correct Answer Number: 2
Explanation: Prior to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Lincoln tried many persuasive arguments to preserve the Union. He contended that; “in view of the Constitution and the law, the union is unbroken”. Despite his efforts seven states had seceded by his inauguration in March 1861, and after the firing on Fort Sumter the Civil War was in progress.

14. life and leading the USA to Victory.
Theodore
Roosevelt fit
the heroic model…
…Colonel T.R.
best known as
brave leader of
the Rough Riders…
…risking his
life and leading the USA to
Victory.

15. T. Roosevelt’s Accomplishments
NY City / NY State …Police Commissioner,
Governor… Adirondack Park
US Government…Asst. Secretary Navy,
Colonel Rough Riders, Vice President
Significant Actions as 26th US President
Trust Busting…breaks up Northern Securities Co.
Conservation…protects national parklands
Consumer Protection…Meat Inspection Act, FDA
Labor Negotiations…helps Coal Miners
Foreign Policy…Panama Canal, Great White Fleet,
Roosevelt Corollary

16. Which statement best describes President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy position toward Latin America in the early 1900’s?
The United States should reduce its involvement in Latin American
affairs
The Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to intervene actively in
the affairs of Latin American nations.
Latin American nations should form an organization to help them
achieve political and economic stability.
The United States should give large amounts of financial aid to help the
poor of Latin America.
Correct Answer Number: 2
Explanation: The Roosevelt’ Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) further establishes the United State’s ability to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations. He stated that the Monroe Doctrine (1823) required the US to act as “an international police power”. This was used to justify US actions in Cuba, Panama and other Latin American locales.

17. A main purpose of President Theodore Roosevelt’s trust busting policies was to
reduce corruption in government
save the nation’s banks
encourage competition in business
end strikes by labor unions
Correct Answer Number: 3
Explanation: Theodore Roosevelt quickly gained a reputation as a “trustbuster” when he began to call for the break up of many monopolistic companies. In 1901 Roosevelt’s Justice Department brought a case against the Northern Securities Company (a railroad holding company) and won the breakup of the company. Another example came in 1905 against the so called “beef trust” in the Swift & Co. v. United States, when the group of meatpackers was found to be in violation of the 1890 Sherman Antitrust law.

18. "In short, our aim should be, not to destroy,
but effectively ... to regulate and control,
in the public interest, the great instrumentalities [corporations] of modern business " 
-Theodore Roosevelt,1913
__1. During the early 20th century, a supporter of this statement would most likely have favored
1) a hands-off policy toward big business 2) a return to an agrarian economy 3) laws prohibiting unfair business practices 4) tax incentives for business mergers and consolidations

19. __2. Which statement best summarizes President Theodore Roosevelt’s views about conservation?
(1) Environmental issues are best decided by the private sector. (2) Unlimited access to natural resources is the key to business growth. (3) Wilderness areas and their resources should be protected for the public good. (4) Decisions about the use of natural resources should be left to the states.

20. __3. Which world region was the focus of the foreign policy
"Chronic wrongdoing may ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and adherence ... to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States . , . to the exercise of an international police power                                                      - Theodore Roosevelt,1904
__3. Which world region was the focus of the foreign policy
expressed in this statement?
1) Middle East         3) Soviet Union 2) Southeast Asia    4) Latin America
__4. This statement helped provide justification for President Theodore Roosevelt's use of the
1) policy of Dollar Diplomacy 2) Big Stick policy 3) conservation policy 4) Peace Corps

21. __5. The chief reason the United States built the Panama Canal was to
(1) close the Western Hemisphere to new European colonization (2) reduce travel time for commercial and military shipping (3) promote an isolationist foreign policy (4) prevent the spread of communism
__6. The main reason President Theodore Roosevelt supported
a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia in 1903 was to
1) increase the number of democratic nations in Latin America 2) gain the right to complete a canal linking the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans 3) reduce European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere 4) prevent a foreign power from seizing land in Central America

22. Whose face didn’t make the monument ?

25. __7. As a result of the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), the United States was able to
1 acquire parts of South America as land for settlement 2 expand its influence in the Western Hemisphere 3 increase its trade with Asia 4 form military alliances with European nations
“. . . the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers ” - President James Monroe, __8. Which President later built on the idea expressed in this quotation?
(1) Abraham Lincoln           (3) Harry Truman (2) Theodore Roosevelt       (4) Richard Nixon

30. __9. An important result of the Spanish-American War of 1898
was that the United States
acquired Germany
(2) became a world power with an overseas empire
(3) improved its relations with
(4) lost interest in Latin American affairs territories in Africa
__10. The main purpose of the Open Door policy, announced
by the United States in 1899, was to
1 encourage the introduction of modern government into China 2 establish United States domination of Asian affairs 3 increase United States trade with China 4 provide China with military weapons

31. Woodrow
Wilson…
did he fit the
Heroic model ?
…a college
President…
and a State
Governor…

32. Wilson’ s accomplishments President of Princeton University, N.J.
Governor of New Jersey
Significant Actions as 28th President
Progressive economic reforms including:
Federal Reserve System, Income Tax,
Tariff Reductions, Child Labor Laws,
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce
Anti-trust Laws
Successfully led USA to victory in WWI…idealism
“make the world safe for democracy”
Unable to gain Senate approval of Versailles Treaty
…due to concerns about the League of Nations

33. __11. A graduated (progressive) income tax is based on the idea that tax rates should
1) be the same for all individuals and businesses 2) be adjusted to achieve a balanced Federal budget 3) rise as individual or business incomes rise 4) increase more rapidly for business profits than for personal incomes

34. __13. The Clayton Antitrust Act was passed to
__12. The Federal Reserve System was created to
(1) maintain a national petroleum supply (2) provide military support for the armed forces (3) protect consumers from fraud (4) manage the nation’s supply of currency and interest rates
__13. The Clayton Antitrust Act was passed to
(1) restore business competition (2) end stock market speculation (3) prosecute corrupt labor unions (4) break up city political party machines

35. __14. President Woodrow Wilson’s statement
“The world must be made safe for democracy” was made to justify his decision to
end United States imperialism in Latin America
(2) support tariff reform (3) send troops into Mexico to capture Pancho Villa (4) ask Congress to declare war against Germany
__15. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
were based on the belief that
(1) military strength is a nation’s best path to world peace (2) isolationism should guide international relations (3) the principle of self-determination should be applied to people of all nations (4) industrial nations should have equal access to colonial possessions

36. __16. The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) were used by President Woodrow Wilson's administration during World War I to
1) discourage congressional support for the war effort 2) place German Americans in internment camps 3) remove Communists from government positions 4) silence critics of the war effort

37. __18. Why did the Senate reject the Versailles Treaty (1919)?
__17. One goal for a lasting peace that President Woodrow Wilson included in his Fourteen Points was
(1) establishing a League of Nations (2) maintaining a permanent military force in Europe (3) returning the United States to a policy of isolationism (4) blaming Germany for causing World War I
__18. Why did the Senate reject the Versailles Treaty (1919)?
(1) to keep the United States free from foreign entanglements (2) to express opposition to the harsh sanctions imposed on Germany (3) to avoid the dues for membership in the League of Nations (4) to reduce United States military forces in Europe

38. earned him credibility.
Franklin Roosevelt
did not fit the
heroic model…
…he was best known
as the losing candidate
for Vice President in 1920
…his leadership as
NY York Governor in
the early years of the
Great Depression…
earned him credibility.

39. F.D.R.’ s Accomplishments Assistant Secretary of the Navy WWI
NY State Governor …little “New Deal”
Significant Actions as 32nd President
1st Days…16 New Deal programs/actions
Economic Reforms…NLRB, Social Security,
FDIC, SEC, FHA, TVA, etc…
Good Neighbor foreign policy w/ Latin America
WW II …successful strategy to defeat Axis Powers
Manhattan Project produces A-Bomb
Atlantic Charter…United Nations…idealism

40. __20. The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority
__19. The New Deal tried to solve many problems of the Great Depression by
(1) providing federal aid to many sectors of the economy (2) reducing taxes on big business to stimulate job creation (3) lowering federal spending to maintain a balanced budget (4) decreasing foreign competition by raising tariffs
__20. The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority
is an example of
(1) federal intervention to meet regional needs (2) state-funded regional transportation (3) free-market capitalism (4) laissez-faire economics

41. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to
__21. A major goal of the Government in creating the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to
1) increase the government's tax revenue 2) provide jobs for the unemployed 3) restore the public's faith in financial institutions 4) stimulate economic growth

42. __22. Which statement best illustrates a basic idea of
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal?
(1) Communism provides the only real solution to economic problems. (2) Unemployed workers should rely on the states rather than on the federal government for help. (3) The United States reached its economic peak in the 1920s and is now a declining industrial power. (4) The economy sometimes needs public money to encourage business activity.
__23. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response to Supreme Court decisions that declared several New Deal laws unconstitutional was to
(1) ask Congress to limit the Court’s jurisdiction (2) propose legislation to increase the size of the court (3) demand the resignation of several justices (4) ignore the Court’s rulings

43. __24. In 1933, President Franklin D
__24. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the Good Neighbor policy primarily to
1) increase immigration from Latin America 2) grant diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union 3) promote free trade with the nations of Europe 4) improve relations with Latin American nations

44. __25. A primary objective of United States foreign policy
during the 1930s was to
(1) avoid involvement in Asian and European conflicts (2) protect business interests in Africa through direct intervention (3) strengthen international peacekeeping organizations (4) acquire overseas land as colonies
__26. During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were relocated to detention centers
primarily because they
(1) were known spies for Japan (2) were seen as a security threat (3) refused to serve in the United States military (4) expressed their support for Italy and Germany

45. __27. President Franklin D
__27. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's election to an unprecedented third term was most strongly influenced by
1) his policy on immigration 2) his popularity among business executives 3) the beginning of the Great Depression 4) the advent of World War II in Europe
__28. In 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to a fourth term as  President. Which action was taken to prevent future Presidents from  breaking the two-term tradition?
1) Both major political parties agreed to nominate a new candidate  for President after an incumbent's second term. 2) A constitutional amendment was adopted, placing term limits on the Presidency. 3) The Supreme Court ruled that a President could serve for only  eight years. 4) An unwritten agreement was made by Presidential candidates that they would serve for no more than two terms.

46. Harry Truman
became President after
FDR died in
office in
…he had served
in the US Armed
Forces in WWI
…and had served the USA
in the House
and Senate.

47. Truman’ s Accomplishments Significant Actions as 33rd President
Defeated Japan in WWII using Atomic Weapons
Marshall Plan to help Western Europe rebuild
Berlin Airlift to keep West Berlin free from USSR
Truman Doctrine to help Greece & Turkey rebuild
Korean War against Communist Aggression in Asia
Integrated US Armed forces in Korean War
Vetoed Taft-Hartley Act to limit labor unions…
but was overridden by Congress
Unable to prevent 2nd Red Scare…McCarthyism

48. __29. A reason that President Harry Truman decided to use atomic weapons against Japan was to
1) end the war while limiting the loss of American lives 2) punish the Japanese people by destroying their country 3) increase Japan's potential as a future aggressor 4) divert forces to fight Germany

49. __31. President Harry Truman supported a containment policy
__30. After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way to
(1) improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union (2) help European nations recover economically (3) remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe (4) bring Nazi war criminals to justice
__31. President Harry Truman supported a containment policy
after World War II in an attempt to
(1) limit the use of atomic bombs and other nuclear weapons (2) end colonialism in Africa and Asia (3) bring German and Japanese war criminals to justice (4) reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European
countries
__32. Which action occurred for the first time in the early 1950s
during the Korean War?
(1) United States and Soviet troops fought on the same side. (2) The United Nations used military force against an
aggressor nation (3) A president was impeached for abusing his power as
commander in chief. (4) United States troops fought in Asia.

50. or agency of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government.“
"There shall be a loyalty investigation of every person entering the civilian employment of any department
or agency of the Executive Branch 
of the Federal Government.“
- The Truman Loyalty Order, March 22, 1947
__33. President Harry Truman issued this Executive order in response to the
1) fear of Communist Party influence in government 2) election of Socialist Party representatives to Congress 3) discovery of spies in defense industries 4) arrest and trial of high-ranking government employees for terrorism

51. __34. One way in which the Red Scare of the 1920's and McCarthyism of the 1950's were similar is that both
(1) jeopardized the rights of individuals suspected of un-American activity (2) occurred during times of economic depression (3) addressed the issue of increased government bureaucracy after a world war (4) led to the imprisonment of ethnic minorities during wartime
__35. President Harry Truman advanced the cause of civil rights
for African Americans by
1) ordering the desegregation of the Armed Forces 2) appointing the first African American to the Supreme Court 3) supporting the ratification of the 14th and 15th amendments 4) establishing affirmative action policies for industry

52. Dwight Eisenhower was one of America’s
greatest Army Generals during WWII…
…his
leadership
during
the 1950’s
would be
marked by
growing
Cold War
FEARs

53. Eisenhower’ s Accomplishments Significant Actions as 34th President
Negotiates truce in Korean War …DMZ = 38th parallel
Eisenhower Doctrine to help Middle East nations
stop the spread of communism
US advisors sent to Vietnam to stop the spread
of communism in Asia
US Troops sent to Arkansas HS to enforce …
School Integration…backed Supreme Court
Eisenhower Interstate Highway System built
Eisenhower’s farewell address warns Americans
to beware of the “military-industrial complex”

54. appeasement (3) peaceful coexistence (2) detente (4) domino theory
__36. One similarity between the Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine is that both were designed to
(1) limit the spread of communism (2) help develop the space program (3) restrict United States foreign aid (4) assist rebellions against the Soviet Union
__37. Which foreign policy concept influenced the decision of the United States to become militarily involved
in Southeast Asia
in the 1950s and 196Os?
appeasement   (3) peaceful coexistence
(2) detente           (4) domino theory

55.                                                
__38.What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950’s?
(1) Extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons. (2) The nation had become the only nuclear superpower. (3) Much fear was created by the Cold War. (4) Only government officials would be safe in a nuclear attack.

56. __39. Which statement is a valid conclusion based on President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s approach to applying the
Brown v. Board of Education  ruling to the desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?
1) State governors do not have to obey Supreme Court rulings. 2) Presidents refuse to allow military intervention in local disputes. 3) Some Supreme Court decisions are not effective unless the President enforces them. 4) Presidents have been unwilling to enforce laws pertaining to minorities.

57. John F. Kennedy fit the heroic model…
…he was a Naval Hero during WWII…
he would
become
the
youngest
elected
President in
US History
in 1960.

58. J.f.k.’ s accomplishments WW II PT Boat Officer…rescued crewmates
Won Pulitzer Prize in Literature
US Senator from Massachusetts
Significant Actions as 35th US President
Inspiring Inaugural Address…”new generation”
TV address inspiring Americans for civil rights
Established US Space Program goal…man on moon
Started Peace Corps and VISTA volunteer programs
Failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba to oust Castro
Prevailed in Cuban Missile showdown w/ USSR

59. “. . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill,
that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty ”
—40. President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961
This statement by President Kennedy suggests a continued commitment to the foreign policy of
(1) isolationism         (3) containment (2) appeasement      (4) imperialism

61.                                                                
__41. President John F. Kennedy attempted to deal with the situation shown on the map by
(1) bombing all the missile sites simultaneously (2) imposing a naval blockade to isolate Cuba from the Soviet Union (3) allowing the Soviet Union to keep some missiles in Cuba if the remainder were removed (4) landing an invasion force on the Cuban mainland
__42. What was the main reason for President Kennedy’s action toward
Cuba?
(1) Cuba is located close to the United States. (2) The United States needed to protect business investments in Cuba. (3) The cost of building missile defense bases in Florida was high. (4) Cuba threatened to seize United States merchant ships in the Caribbean.

62. 4) expanding the United States space program
__43. President John F. Kennedy's New Frontier program was most successful in
1) establishing social welfare programs to end poverty 2) passing civil rights legislation assuring fair housing and equal employment opportunities 3) removing restrictions on the number of immigrants entering the United States 
4) expanding the United States space program

63. Lyndon Johnson replaced the popular
President Kennedy …in a very uncertain time
…he was best
known as a
career
politician
…a deal maker
in the nation’s
Capital…
…how would
he lead ?

64. Johnson’ s accomplishments Significant Actions as 36th President
Great Society program launched to end poverty
in America…provide greater opportunity for all
Civil Rights actions to support Martin Luther King
Vietnam War escalation…Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Did not seek reelection in 1968 in an attempt to
heal and unite the country

65. __45. A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s
__ 44. Which initiative was part of President Lyndon Johnson’s
Great Society program?
(1) providing medical care to the poor and elderly (2) reducing federal aid to education (3) increasing foreign aid to the Soviet Union (4) opposing civil rights legislation
__45. A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s
Great Society was to
(1) provide government aid to business (2) end poverty in the United States (3) conserve natural resources (4) stop emigration from Latin America

66. __47. The passage of this resolution led to
__46. One similarity between the actions of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson is that both
1) led the United States to victory in war 2) expanded the role of government in citizens' lives 3) vetoed legislation on the issue of rights for minorities 4) achieved a balanced Federal budget during their terms in office
"The Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the  United States and to prevent further aggression." - Tonkin Gulf Resolution August 7, 1964
__47. The passage of this resolution led to
1) the building of the Berlin Wall 2) settlement of the Cuban missile crisis 3) increased United States involvement in the Vietnam War 4) the seizure of American hostages by Iran

67. Richard Nixon won a wild election in 1968
… a “law and order” candidate in a 3-way
race against VP Hubert Humphrey and
segregationist George Wallace.
Elvis was
not on the
ticket…
…but he
did get a
badge and
a decoder
ring to use.

68. Nixon’ s Accomplishments Significant Actions as 37th President
Signed Title IX Civil Rights Law which guarantees
non-discrimination for women
Negotiates nuclear arms limitation treaty w/USSR
Détente foreign policy w/ USSR = fewer threats
Opens diplomatic relations w/ Communist China
Withdraws US Troops from Vietnam…after further
escalating the conflict
Lost two US Supreme Court Cases to keep military
secrets and keep Whitehouse secrets
Resigned from Presidency to avoid Impeachment

69. spread of nuclear weapons during the Cold War
__48. President Richard Nixon’s policy of détente is best characterized by his
decision to dismantle the nuclear weapons arsenal of the United States (2) attempt to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union (3) order to bomb Cambodia (4) support for membership in the United Nations for communist countries
__49. The War Powers Act of 1973 was passed by Congress as a response to the
spread of nuclear weapons during the Cold War
(2) invasion of Kuwait by Iraq (3) threat of communism in the Middle East (4) United States involvement in the Vietnam

70. __50. Protests against United States involvement in Vietnam grew in the late 1960's and early 1970's mainly because many Americans
1) believed that the war was unjust 2) objected to the drafting of college students 3) feared nuclear war with the Soviet Union 4) opposed participation in conflicts involving the United Nations
__51. The Supreme Court decisions in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) and United States v. Nixon (1974) reinforced the principle that the president of the United States
(1) has unlimited use of the veto power (2) is protected from unfair media criticism (3) may not be convicted of a crime (4) is not above the law

71. the Nixon administration
President Gerald Ford
VP Nelson Rockefeller
…due to scandals in
the Nixon administration
…the resignation of
VP Spiro Agnew…
Ford was appointed VP
President Nixon…
Ford became President
…Rocky was chosen VP

72. Ford’ s accomplishments Significant Actions as 38th President
Restored confidence and dignity to the office of
US President after a “national nightmare” of scandal
Unable to prevent the fall of Saigon and the loss of
South Vietnam to communist North Vietnam
Unable to shape policies to stop economic woes
of rising inflation and a stagnant economy
Refused to bail out NY City after the “Big Apple”
declared bankruptcy

73. Jimmy Carter was elected President in 1976
…he campaigned for peace and human rights
…and he promised never to lie to the people.
The first
Arab-Israeli
peace treaty
was Carter’s
career
highlight…
...other events were
often trouble.

74. Carter’ s accomplishments Significant Actions as 39th President
Camp David Peace Accords Middle East Peace Pact
Iran Hostage Crisis…444 Days of terror / humiliation
US President unable to free American Hostages
USA Olympic Boycott…Moscow games in USSR
not attended by USA to protest USSR invasion
of Afghanistan in 1979
Energy Crisis…2nd OPEC Oil Embargo = oil shock
(Nixon-Ford-Carter) = inflation
Human Rights foreign policy shows USA as
champions of freedom in the Cold War

75. __52. Which foreign policy agreement had the most direct influence on the Middle East?
(1) Kellogg-Briand Pact (2) Yalta Conference declaration (3) SALT I Treaty (4) Camp David Accords
__53. One similarity between the presidencies of Woodrow Wilson and Jimmy Carter is that both leaders
1) emphasized moral principles in foreign policy 2) supported imperialism throughout the world 3) rejected human rights initiatives in Congress 4) sought to end the nuclear arms race

76. “. . . Our decision about energy will test the character
of the American people and the ability of the President
and the Congress to govern.
This difficult effort will be the ‘moral equivalent of war’
— except that we will be uniting our efforts to build and not destroy ”
— President Jimmy Carter Address to the Nation, April 18, __54. President Carter put these ideas into practice by
(1) halting construction of nuclear power plants (2) increasing imports of foreign oil (3) urging the development of alternative fuel sources (4) imposing a price freeze on all petroleum products

77. Ronald Reagan was elected 40th President
after serving as governor of California and
was committed to “winning” the Cold War.
VP Bush,
President
Reagan,
and USSR’s
Gorbachev
end the
Cold War.

78. Reagan’ s Accomplishments Significant Actions as 40th President
1st day in office Iran-Hostage Crisis ended…
…suspicions about timing lead to later investigation
Survives near fatal assassination attempt!
Convinces Congress to pass the largest Tax-Cut
in US History…part of “supply-side economics”
US budget deficits grow, defense spending rises…
Lobbied unsuccessfully for NAFTA…”free trade”
Withdrew US Marines from Lebanon after terror attack
Successfully invaded Grenada…stop communism
Iran-Contra Scandal…administration charged
w/ lying to Congress and Secret weapons deals
Successful nuclear arms reduction treaty w/ USSR

79. It increased government spending on social programs.
"In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems....It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people.
All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal Government." - President Ronald Reagan First Inaugural Address January 20, 1981
__55. Which action did the Reagan administration take based on the belief expressed in these statements?
It increased government spending on social programs.
2) It reduced defense spending. 3) It increased corporate and personal income taxes. 4) It reduced government regulation of business.

80. __56. One way in which the Teapot Dome scandal, the Watergate affair, and the Iran-Contra affair are similar is that each of these political scandals resulted in
(1) a loss of faith in elected government leaders (2) an attempt to abolish the electoral college (3) a movement to impeach the president (4) an effort to regulate the banking industry
__57. The "trickle down" economic theory of President Herbert Hoover and the "supply side" economic policies under President Ronald Reagan were
based on the idea that
1) balanced budgets are essential to economic success 2) the Federal Government needs to assume more responsibility for solving economic problems 3) economic growth depends on making increased amounts of capital available to business 4) economic stability is the responsibility of Federal monetary agencies

81. George Bush was elected 41st US President
after a very distinguished career in service to
his country… WWII pilot / hero, Congressman,
UN Ambassador, Ambassador to China, CIA Chief,
Vice-President
8 years

82. Significant Actions as 41st US President
George H. Bush’ s Accomplishments
Significant Actions as 41st US President
Successful invasion of Panama to rid their country
of notorious dictator Manuel Noriega
Persian Gulf War
Successful Operation Desert Shield to defend
Saudi Arabia from Iraq / Saddam Hussein
Successful Operation Desert Storm to defeat
Iraqi forces and liberate Kuwait…
Disruptions to US economy caused by the war…
lead to higher fuel prices and unemployment
Bush agrees to small income tax increase for
upper-middle class = broken tax pledge promise
Signed “Americans w/ Disabilities Act” into law

83. __58. Which event led directly to the end of the cold war?
(1) reunification of Germany (2) formation of the European Union (3) breakup of the Soviet Union (4) creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
__59. One way in which the Korean War, the Vietnam War,
and the Persian Gulf War are similar is that in all three wars
(1) the goal was to defeat the Soviet Union (2) the United States was primarily interested in protecting oil supplies (3) the United States was fighting without allies (4) no formal declaration of war was made by Congress

84. __60. One recent accomplishment in the struggle for
equal rights for all Americans has been the
1) prohibition of discrimination against Americans with disabilities 2) passage of "English-only" laws in the workplace by many states 3) guarantee of the right to vote for all women 4) establishment of drug and alcohol testing by employers
__61. In 1991, one of the reasons President George H. W. Bush committed United States troops to the
Persian Gulf War was to
(1) maintain the flow of trade through the Suez Canal (2) fulfill military obligations as a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (3) contain the spread of communism in the Middle East (4) assure the flow of Middle East oil to the United States and its allies

85. Bill Clinton…
Elected in
with less than 50%
of the popular vote
both times…
his Presidency was
one of record economic growth…
…tarnished by an
impeachment trial
and political turmoil.

86. Clinton’ s accomplishments
Significant Actions as 42nd President
Successfully raised income tax rates on wealthiest
Americans without stopping US economic growth
Signed minimum-wage increases to help workers
Signed “Family Leave” legislation to protect job
security for working class families w/ children
Successfully lobbied to pass NAFTA Treaty
Unsuccessfully tried to create National Healthcare
Unsuccessfully tried to integrate gays into military
Whitewater Scandal = Congressional investigation
…perjury charges / impeachment + trial in Senate
US Peacekeeping troops sent to Bosnia

87. “Clinton Offers Economic Aid to Russia” “U. S
“Clinton Offers Economic Aid to Russia” “U.S. Sends Peacekeeping Troops to Bosnia” “U.S. Airlifts Food and Medicine to Somalia”
__62. These headlines illustrate that United States foreign policy during the 1990s stressed
(1) containment (2) collective security (3) global involvement (4) neutrality

88. __63. The main reason President Bill Clinton sent United States military forces into Haiti and Bosnia was to
1) remove communist threats in these nations 2) stop illegal immigration to the United States from these nations 3) help secure peace in these nations 4) establish permanent military bases in these nations

89. President George W. Bush won a very close
Election in 2000…and is more often seen in
his role as “commander-in-chief” than his
immediate predecessor Bill Clinton.

90. Significant Actions as 43rd US President
George W Bush’ s Accomplishments
Significant Actions as 43rd US President
Successfully assumed power after very controversial
2000 election…decided by Supreme Court Decision
Terror Attack 911… President successfully
united the country to pursue Al-Qaida terrorists
Signed Patriot Act into law to help law enforcement
Established new cabinet post…Homeland Security
Successfully lobbied for income tax cuts to
prevent economic recession due to “911” attacks
Waged war in Afghanistan + Iraq in pursuit of
terror threats on the US…controversy involved
Survived bitter re-election campaign to win in 2004
…US treatment of POW’s and detainees = concern

91. __64. What has been the most frequent criticism of the electoral college system?
1) An excessive number of third-party candidates have been encouraged to run for office. 2) Electors frequently ignore the vote of the people. 3) The person who wins the popular vote has not always been chosen as President. 4) The electors are not chosen by political parties.
__65. The dispute over counting Florida voter ballots in the
presidential election of 2000 was settled by
(1) an order of the governor of Florida (2) an agreement between the candidates (3) a vote of the United States Senate (4) a United States Supreme Court decision

92. The Clinton and Bush Presidencies… … more similar or different ?
Post WWII Baby boomer generation Presidents
Successes ? Failures ? Problems unresolved ?

93. __66. Which heading would be most appropriate for the
partial outline below?
_____________________________ A. Wages lagging behind the cost of living B. Overproduction of consumer goods
C. Excessive buying on credit
(1) Mercantilist Economic Theory (2) Features of a Bull Stock Market (3) Monopolistic Business Practices (4) Causes of the Great Depression

98. …did we say many didn’t measure up?…
it’s only one artist’s point of view anyway
…we
missed
one
didn’t
we ?...

100. For each pair selected:
The President of the United States fulfills many roles. Actions taken  by Presidents to fulfill these roles have increased the power of the Presidency.
Presidents - Roles
Abraham Lincoln - Chief executive Woodrow Wilson - Chief diplomat Franklin D. Roosevelt- Chief economist Harry Truman - Commander in Chief Lyndon B. Johnson - Chief legislator Ronald Reagan - Political party leader
Select three of the Presidents and the roles with which they are paired.
For each pair selected:
Discuss one specific action taken by the President to fulfill that role
Show the extent to which the power of the Presidency was increased  as a result of that Presidential action