1. Thesis Statement, Main Idea, Conclusion

2. What is a ‘thesis statement’?
It is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.
It must be a statement you can explain or defend – not simply a fact that no one would deny.
It must be a sentence – not merely a topic.

3. Why should your essay contain a thesis statement?
To test your ideas by distilling them into a sentence or two
To better organize and develop your argument
To provide your reader with a “guide” to your argument

4. A good thesis will usually…
Express one main idea
Take on a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree
Assert your conclusions about a subject

5. How do I know if my thesis is strong?
Do I answer the question?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?
Is my thesis statement specific enough?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test?

6. The Main Idea
To understand the concept of a “main idea”, it is useful to distinguish between the following terms:
Topic
Main idea
Topic sentence

7. Topic The topic of a text is the subject, or what the text is about.
A topic can be expressed as a noun or a noun phrase.
Some examples of topics include
Recycling
Mammals
Trees of Ontario

8. Main Idea An idea is what you say about a topic.
Ideas are expressed as sentences.
Some examples of main ideas include:
Recycling is expensive in the short term, but yields long-term savings.
All mammals are the same in certain ways.
The trees of Ontario are the most beautiful in the world.

9. Topic Sentence
A topic sentence is the sentence in a paragraph that contains the main idea.
Usually the topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph.
Topic sentences are useful in determining the relationship between main ideas and supporting details.

10. Main Idea, Supporting Ideas
The points supporting a thesis are not always reasons. They may be:
Examples (to make your thesis clear)
Steps (in a how-to paper)
Descriptions (in a descriptive paper)
Anecdotes (in a narrative paper)
Whatever they are, they should convince your reader that your thesis is true for you.

11. Main Idea, Supporting Ideas
Graphic organizers (word web, spider map) can be useful for showing a main idea and the details, facts, arguments that support it.
Can be used for analyzing a paragraph or a paper
Can be used to create / map your ideas

12. Organize each paragraph
Organizing a paragraph is easy because it’s organized just the way an entire paper is:
Thesis stated in introductory paragraph
First supporting point
Second supporting point
Additional supporting points
Concluding paragraph

13. Organize each paragraph
Here’s the way to organize a paragraph:
Topic sentence
First supporting detail or example
Second supporting detail or example
Additional supporting details or examples
Concluding sentence if needed
Each paragraph should contain only ONE main idea.

14. Transition Expressions
Words/expressions like:
Also In the first place
Furthermore Therefore
make paragraphs read more smoothly.

15. Transition Expressions
Transition expressions are also important in an entire paper.
They help the reader move from one supporting point to the next.
It’s a good idea to start each supporting paragraph in a paper with a transition expression such as:
The first reason Another example Also
Secondly Equally important Furthermore
Even more important Finally

16. A Conclusion should… Be the best part of your paper
Stress the importance of the thesis statement
Give the essay a sense of completeness
Leave a final impression on the reader

17. When writing your Conclusion…
Answer the question “So what?”
Synthesize, don’t summarize
Redirect your readers
Create a new meaning
Echo the introduction
Challenge the reader
Look to the future

18. When writing your Conclusion, AVOID…
Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion”, “in summary” or “in closing”
Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion
Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion
Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes
Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper
Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

19. Thesis Statement, Main Idea, Conclusion
Re-read
Re-work
Revise
Re-do
Repeat.

20. References
Conclusions. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2008, from
Establishing the Main Idea. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2008, from
Strategies for Writing a Conclusion. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2008, from
Thesis Statements. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2008, from