1. CORE 1 (cont’d) BETTER HEALTH FOR INDIVIDUALS

2. Q2) What influences the Health of Individuals?

3. INFLUENCES????
Your decisions will move you up or down your own health continuum. What are some of those decisions? What do you think influences your health affecting decisions? What makes it easier, more likely to choose one action over another?

4. Determinants of health
Health is multi-causal. An individual’s level of health status and quality of life are the result of many factors interacting.
These factors are referred to as
Determinants of health

5. Determinants

6. analyse how an individual’s health can be determined by a range of factors acting in various combinations
Determinants of Health
individual factors
sociocultural factors
socioeconomic factors
environmental factors

7. - individual factors, eg knowledge and skills, attitudes, genetics

8. Individual Factors Define “Individual Factors”
Those factors that are unique to each person that can determine their level of health.
Describe “Individual Factors”
They are the factors of health knowledge and skills, personal attitudes and the value we place on health and genetic factors that increase the likelihood of particular health problems.

9. - sociocultural factors
FAMILY

10. Sociocultural (cont’d)
PEERS

11. Sociocultural (Cont’d) MEDIA

12. Religion / Cultural background

13. Socioeconomic Factors

14. Environmental Factors

15. There are some positives….

16. the degree of control individuals can exert over their health
modifiable and non-modifiable health determinants
the changing influence of determinants through different life stages
investigate how the determinants of health explain why some individuals and groups have better or worse health than others.

17. - modifiable and non-modifiable health determinants
Easier to modify
Difficult to modify
Non-modifiable

18. - the changing influence of determinants through different life stages
More Modifiable
Less Modifiable
14 yrs
30 yrs
60 yrs
Family, peers, diet, exercise, income, media, geographic location

19. health as a social construct
recognises the interrelationship of determinants
challenges the notion that health is solely an individual’s responsibility.

20. ∙ Health as a Social Construct
A persons health behaviours and health status are significantly determined by factors relating to the social physical and cultural environment that they live in.
Recognising that health is a social construct explains why some groups have better or worse health than others
and that achievement in improvement in particular groups health will be a complex and prolonged process.

21. recognises the interrelationship of determinants
Most socioeconomically disadvantaged
Poorer levels of education
Higher rates of unemployment
Lower paid occupations
Live / work in hazardous environments
Greater difficulties accessing health care
Lower rates of home ownership, overcrowding, social cohesion
More risk factors i.e. smoking, h.b.p.

22. - challenges the notion that. ‘health is solely an
- challenges the notion that ‘health is solely an individual’s responsibility’.
Define “health is solely an individual’s responsibility”.
A person is at ‘fault’ if they choose poor health behaviours, i.e. that there are no other factors to consider.
But is it?????

23. Describe in more detail
This notion is based on the idea that a person can freely choose behaviours that either impact positively or negatively on their health – level of activity, diet, risk taking, drug use. This ignores the degree of control a person has over their decisions
Challenging this notion
means that recognition
is given to other factors
that influence the
individuals decisions /
behaviours.

24. So who is responsible?
Responsibility lies somewhere in between.

25. Explain significance of viewing health as solely the responsibility of individuals, why must this view be challenged.
This view has limitations in explaining people’s health status and addressing health concerns and so measures put in place to improve health will be narrow and ineffective for many people.
Why have the measures for reducing smoking been successful but not for alcohol abuse?

26. Analyse how this view of health has limitations and how this can impact upon attempts to improve a people’s health.
Assumes that knowledge is enough to make people healthier, yet doesn’t explain why people who know better still have poor health behaviours,
Ignores the influence of health determinants
Attempts to improve health will be less successful as a result.

27. Evaluate the benefit of challenging this notion of ‘fault’ and that recognising that health is NOT solely the responsibility of the individual.
Peoples health behaviours are influence d by other factors which also have responsibility for determining a persons health.
Predisposing factors – increase likelihood
Enabling factors – support behaviour
Reinforcing factors – help behaviour continue.
To address health issues ALL factors need to be considered.

28. Why does she binge drink?