1. Imperialism

2. Focus: What are some reasons why countries go to war?

3. Imperialism and America
Imperialism - the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.

4. Reasons for American Imperialism
1. Thirst for new markets
Americans are producing surplus
Need somewhere else to sell and trade

5. 2. Desire for military strength
Stay competitive with other nations
Set up strategic locations for refueling and protection

6. 3. Belief in Anglo-Saxon Superiority
U.S. has a responsibility to spread Christianity to “inferior” people

7. Anti-Imperialism
U.S. should not dominate other countries
Large Cost

8. Factors of Imperialism
Monroe Doctrine – In 1823 President James Monroe declared that European powers were to no longer colonize in the Western Hemisphere

9. Roosevelt Corollary – Allowed the United States to get involved with countries in the Western Hemisphere that could not pay their debts.
The alternative would have allowed European powers to get involved.

10. Roosevelt’s Policy
“Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far”
Wanted U.S. to dominate Central America (not Europe)

11. Discussion Questions
1. What governments acts helped to protect countries of the Western Hemisphere from European conquest?
2. How did American businesses promote Imperialism?

12. Focus: What was Manifest Destiny?

13. White Man’s Burden – The justification of imperialism as a noble solution to the problems of the world
Known as the “white man’s” burden because European and American governments were getting involved in countries in Latin America and Africa.

14. Frontier Thesis – The idea that the American frontier was gone and that the United States should expand overseas

15. Multi-National Corporations – A company that manages production and delivers services to more than one country.
With the American government expanding its role overseas, many American companies expanded their workforce into foreign countries

16. Global Markets – When companies are able to sell their goods to markets around the world, instead of just the country where they are based.

17. Spread of Christianity – Use of religion to justify involvement in foreign countries.

18. Types of Imperialism
Protectorate – A free country that is protected by a stronger nation and gives benefits to that nation
Colony – A territory under the immediate control of a stronger nation.

19. Sphere of Influence – When multiple countries have an influence over the government or economic decisions of a weaker country.
The area that they control is their “sphere.”

20. Open Door Policy – The United States asked that other European countries not interfere with the business of fellow imperializing nations.
It was a failure

21. Discussion Questions
What is the difference between a colony and a protectorate?
What are some examples of multi-national companies today?

22. Focus: What parts of the world does the United States control outside of the continental United States?

23. Key Events
Seward’s Folly – In 1867 the US gov’t purchased land from Russia for $7.2 million. A newspaper writer thought this a bad decision, thus the name Seward’s Folly
Seward was Sec. of State
The land was Alaska

24. Hawaii In 1800’s American companies own sugar plantations in Hawaii
1887 – The US Gov’t builds an American Navel Base (Pearl Harbor)

25. 1887- Voting rights in Hawaii go only to wealthy bus
1887- Voting rights in Hawaii go only to wealthy bus. Owners (Americans)
Revolution against Hawaiian Queen
Hawaii is annexed by U.S.

27. Boxer Rebellion:
An uprising of Chinese against American and European involvement in China.
American newspapers referred to the rebels as boxers because of their use of martial arts.
Over 20,000 were murdered and foreign influence in China was limited.

28. Panama Canal
Roosevelt wants a shortcut between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
The best route through was found in Panama

30. Panama was controlled by Colombia
Panama, with help from U.S., gain independence from Colombia

32. Building Panama Canal was difficult because of disease
Yellow Fever, bubonic plague
Of the 43,500 workers who helped build the canal, 5,600 died of disease or from accidents.

33. August 15, 1914
Canal Opens for business
1,000 ships travel through in first year.

35. Roosevelt Corollary Addition to Monroe Doctrine
(Europeans can not intervene in the Western Hemisphere)

36. Disorder in Latin America by Europeans may “Force U. S
Disorder in Latin America by Europeans may “Force U.S. to exercise international police power”

37. Taft’s Policy Dollar Diplomacy
guarantee loans to foreign countries by American business people.

38. Discussion Questions
How were the Hawaiian people treated different than US citizens?
What troubles did the US run into before and during the building of the Panama Canal?

39. Focus: What are tabloids
Focus: What are tabloids? How are tabloids different from other magazines?

40. Spanish-American-Cuban War
Colony of Spain, fighting for independence
Americans interested in sugar cane

41. Revolution of 1895
Some Americans Support
Spain put Cubans in concentration camps

42. Yellow Journalism
reporting that exaggerates the news to lure the reader.
Tabloids
Newspapers competed for readers

43. De Lome Letter
Private letter from Spanish minister to the U.S. calling Pres. McKinley “weak” because he would not get involved in the Revolution

44. Roosevelt (Assistant Secretary of Navy) said McKinley had “no more backbone than a chocolate eclaire”.
U.S.S. Maine
Ship ordered to Cuba for protection
Under mysterious circumstances the ship exploded

47. 260+ Americans die
Many believed Spain was responsible
“Remember the Maine” - rally cry
April 20, 1898, U.S. goes to war with Spain

48. War with Spain First Battle is in the Philippines a colony of Spain
fleet sent there to protect
George Dewey leads
destroyed Spain’s fleet
took control of the Philippines

49. Cuba Volunteer Americans to fight many Civil War veterans Rough Riders
Volunteer cavalry led by T. Roosevelt
actually fought on foot

52. African-American Regiments as well
Known as Buffalo Soldiers
Spain surrenders Cuba to Americans

53. Treaty of Paris 1898 After 16 weeks of fighting
Cuba becomes independent
Spain give Puerto Rico, and Guam to U.S.
U.S. pays $20 million for Philippines: To “Christianize”

54. Aquiring New Lands Puerto Rico Becomes a Commonwealth
The US governs but citizens are granted nearly the same rights as US citizens
Cuba
Becomes a Protectorate

55. Philippine-American War
1899 Philippine rebels revolt for independence
Americans suppress, similar to Spain
20,000 Filipinos die
Americans maintain rule

56. America as a World Power
Russo-Japanese War
McKinley is assassinated in 1901
Roosevelt takes over
He is a peacemaker for the war

57. Great White Fleet
Roosevelt builds up Navy
Sends gleaming white battleships on tour to impress the world

58. Mexican Revolution (1911)
Government was overthrown by rebels
Wilson watches
U.S and Mexico get close to war.

59. Pancho Villa revolts in Mexico
John J. Pershing and troops are sent to search for him
Anti-American sentiments in Mexico
1917 Wilson withdraws troops

60. Results of Imperialism
1. Expanded access to foreign markets
2. Built modern Navy
3. Dominance of Latin Am.
4. Drawn deeper into world affairs.

61. Discussion Questions What were some of Roosevelt’s accomplishments?
In what ways was the United States different after the Spanish American War than before?