1. The Roaring Twenties

2. Focus: How does communism differ from American capitalism and democracy

3. I. Red Scare and Nativism
Russian Revolution
A. Bolsheviks take over Russia
Change its name the Soviet Union
Communism - a system with one party and gov’t ownership of everything.

4. 2. Red Scare
Some in U.S. were joining Communist groups.
People were afraid Communism would spread.

5. Raids
Mitchell Palmer (Congressman)
led communist raids
tried to find people who were a threat to America

6. Sacco and Vanzetti
Two Italian radicals who avoided the draft.
Accused of murder
did not get a fair trial
sentenced to death (Aug 23, 1927)

7. KKK (Ku Klux Klan)
million members
Harassment of people unlike themselves

8. II. Management - Labor Conflicts
Strikes
Following WWI there many strikes in an attempt to raise wages that had been adjusted for post war inflation
a. Inflation – the rise in the general level of prices of goods and services.

9. Boston Police Strike
Boston police went on strike because working conditions were poor and wages were low

10. Steel Mill Strike
An attempt by steel workers to strike because many of their jobs had been lost to technological advancements.

11. Discussion Questions How were Sacco and Vanzetti victims of Nativism?
How would better technology lead to strikes?

12. Focus: How have consumer products changed compared to 20 years ago

13. III. Christian Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism - movement based on literal interpretation of the bible
Creationism – The belief that the creation of the earth is scientifically described in the Bible.

14. Scopes Trial
In 1925 in Tennessee it is a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes - biology teacher
Clarence Darrow - his lawyer
Scopes loses and is fined $100 by the jury

18. IV. Changing Lifestyles
Urban Sprawl - cities spread in all directions
Changes:
Garages
Gas stations
Traffic lights.
Route 66

20. Electricity
Most households (except farms) had it.
New items: irons, refrigerators, ranges, etc.

21. Buying on Credit
Installment Plan - buy over an extended period of time. Low interest.
Many thought economic prosperity would last forever!!!

22. Lifestyles
Millions Moving to cities
Fast pace
Movies, museums, plays, sporting events

23. Birth rate drops
Better consumer products
Sliced bread
canned foods
More kids go to school instead of work
By million students enrolled in High School

24. Heroes and other Important Figures
Sports become wildly popular
Babe Ruth - N.Y. Yankees Slugger
Satchel Paige, Jackie Robinson
Negro Leagues - Founded in 1920

26. Famous Firsts
Gertrude Ederle First woman to swim the English Channel
Charles Lindbergh - first not stop solo flight across the Atlantic

28. Celebrities
Charlie Chaplin - movie star
Mickey Mouse
George Gershwin – musician
F. Scott Fitzgerald - novelist (Great Gatsby)
Ernest Hemingway
Tabloids, Magazines and Radio become popular

30. Discussion Questions
Why would the Scopes Trial be known as the “Trial of the Century.”
What evidence shows that people were better off in the 20’s than before WWI?

31. Focus: What is corruption?

32. V. Republican Presidency
1920 – “A Return to Normalcy”
Warren G. Harding becomes president
Calvin Coolidge becomes V.P.
Goal is to return to normal after the war.

33. B. America was tired of war and eight years of Democrat Wilson
The nation welcomed the non-controversial Harding who was a small time self-made businessman

34. America-first foreign policy Rejection of the League of Nations
Harding is the classic Republican
Tax Cuts
Help for big business
America-first foreign policy
Rejection of the League of Nations
Stiff tariffs to protect American industry

35. Kellogg-Briand Pact
64 Nations signed it
Renounced war as an instrument of national policy
U.S. becomes isolationists
opposition to political or social entanglements

36. Dawes Plan
to avoid another war, U.S. banks loan Germany 2.5 billion dollars to pay their debts.
Germany then pays the U.S.

38. Quota System
There was a maximum number of immigrants allowed to come to the U.S. (exceptions for the W. Hemisphere)
No Japanese allowed at all

40. Ohio Gang
Cabinet members that were Harding’s friends
Scandals
Scandals rocked Harding's administration
Millions were taken from the Veterans Admin. Hospitals
Harding’s Attorney Gen. was implicated for fraud

41. Teapot Dome
Most famous scandal involved Teapot Dome
Two oil reserves
Elk Hills, CA
Teapot Dome, WY

42. The areas were marked for future use of the US Navy
Sec. of Interior got a hold of the lands
Sold off drilling leases to private developers
Received thousands in bribes

44. Presidential Tragedy
As the Teapot Dome Scandal was being investigated, Pres. Harding suffered a fatal heart attack.
Sec. of Interior was convicted of bribery

45. New President
Coolidge was untainted by the scandals and took Harding’s place and easily won reelection in 1924.
Known as “Silent Cal” because of his hands-off approach to the office

46. 3. Herbert Hoover
“A vote for Smith is a vote for the Pope,” proclaimed banners in 1928
Smith also favored the repeal of Prohibition
Hoovers slogan was “Rum, Romanism and Ruin.”
Hoover announced an abolition of poverty

47. Discussion Questions
What evidence shows that Americans had become isolationists?
What scandals plagued the Harding Presidency?

48. Focus: How is the United States culturally diverse?

49. VI. The Jazz Age
Great Migration - African Americans move from South to North
Tensions escalate in the North
NAACP
Led by W.E.B. Du Bois
Worked on anti-lynching legislation

50. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican)
Universal Negro Improvement Association
Believed African-Americans should form separate society (move to Africa)
Arrested for mail fraud and deported back to Jamaica

51. Harlem - “Capital of Black America”
Harlem Renaissance - literary and artistic movement.
Langston Hughes – poet from Missouri
Countee Cullen - poet
Claude McKay - poet
Zora Neale Hurston -folklorist

56. Musicians of the Jazz Age
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
Bessie Smith

57. VII. Prohibition 18th Amendment
Prohibition - prohibits manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
Rural south and west support
Alcohol is a part of immigrant culture
Speakeasies - underground saloons and nightclubs
Bootleggers - liquor smugglers

59. Organized Crime
People had to turn to gangsters to get access to alcohol.
Al Capone – bootlegger
netted over $60 million a year.
Killed off competition

60. VIII. Status of Women More women in the work force
million women working
a. Earned less than men, rarely promoted to management.
Wanted equal status as men.

61. Flappers - young women who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day.
Hats
Waist-less short dresses
beads and bracelets
Bob haircuts
Smoking, drinking, dancing.

63. Discussion Questions What factors led to the rise of organized crime?
How did the role of women change during the 20’s?
The End!