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Trade Routes of the Post-Classical Era
Laura Elizondo and Jessica Gan
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Indian ocean trade
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What was Traded? ivory spices rhinoceros horn tortoise shell tools
pepper tortoise shell ginger cinnamon tools turmeric glassware cardamom wheat cloves nutmeg mace
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Trading Cities Kilwa Sofala Mombasa Malindi Rhapta Mafia Island
Spice Islands
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Fun Facts started in 700 sailed on wooden vessels known as dhows
Arab traders arrived on Africa’s east coast allowed contact between African cities and Arabia, South Persian ,and India sailed on wooden vessels known as dhows trade resulted in human migration many merchants from the Arabian Peninsula, India, and Southeast Asia stayed in East Africa interracial marriage developed into a new ethic group: Swahili
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Swahili Coast trade The Swahili Coast: African Monsoon Routes and Major Trade Routes
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What was Traded? gold ivory slaves textiles ironwork Chinese porcelain
exotic animals bananas coconuts
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Who Traded? Arabia Persia India China
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Major Trade Cities Mogadishu Mombasa Malindi Pate Zanzibar Kilwa
controlled southern port of Sofala which had access to gold production – was very wealthy because of location in the south, Indian traders could sail and return in a single monsoon season By the year 1500 trade focus shifted from the town of Kilwa to Mambasa and Malindi on the Kenya coast.
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Fun Facts “Swahili” is the Bantu word for “people of the coast”
Ibn Battuta (remember him?) was impressed with the beauty of trading towns Arabic influenced the Swahili language merchants were Islamic Swahili coast trade had to be organized on the prevailing monsoon winds sailing was never easy Ibn Battuta
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Silk road Trade
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What was Traded? silk gold jade precious stones bronze spices glass
furs amber ceramics coral exotic plants pearls animals wool tea textiles porcelain ivory
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} } What else was Traded? Buddhism Manichaeism Islam Bubonic Plague
silkworm cultivation gunpowder spinning wheel RELIGION } TECHNOLOGY
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Cultural Diffusion Buddhism brought to China by Indian Buddhist monks
brought art and architectural styles enriched Chinese intellectual and artistic life Buddhist monks introduced chairs to China
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Decline of Silk Road conquest of Constantinople by the Islamic Turks
most of the Silk Road passing into Europe was cut off demand for goods from European countries increased the search for sea routes the discovery of routes through the Atlantic Ocean and around the Cape of Good Hope dwindled the importance of the Silk Road
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Fun Facts goods carried by camel caravans
established to ensure alliance to defend Han Empire from Mongolian nomads (Huns) Western Asia introduced grapes and wine to China Marco Polo increased the desire for oriental goods with his travel stories about Chinese wealth
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Trans-Saharan Trade
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What was Traded? gold salt copper captives ivory fabrics animal skins
ostrich feathers
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Trade Goods from Southward
iron luxury items mirrors knives silk carpets scissors velvet needles brocade perfumes paper razors glass brass porcelain beads tea coffee copperware ornaments sugar jewelry horses
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More Trading Goods North Savanna West salts slaves salt dates
elephant ivory copper hippo ivory gold ostrich feathers kola nuts animal hides Islam ink textiles
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Fun Facts started from Kumbi Salen, ancient Ghana, Timbuktu, Gao, Mali, Hausa, States, Kanem Bornu copper minded at Takedda traded in local markets became raw material for local artifacts Arab slave traders traded captives for domestic servants, agricultural laborers, soldiers, and concubines North African Berbers traveled with camel caravans 1000 camels per caravan
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Chinese innovations
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Economic Innovations of Sui China
Emperor Yangdi ordered the construction of a series of great canals linked various parts of the empire built to allow transport of rice from the south to the north joined Yellow River area and cities of the northeast to the Yangtze basin of the South opened up the south to migration and commercial development
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Economic Innovations of Tang China
steel-tipped plows wheelbarrows eased plowing, planting, weeding and harvesting tasks waterwheels double cropping paper money silk spinning printing press new crucible method of iron extraction from ore mass porcelain production Chinese ships – “junks” – best ships in the world at the time market places where products were sold
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Economic Innovations of Song China
extended the Grand Canal that linked Yangtze and Yellow River basins alllowed mass shipments of rice from north to south printing press made more books
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Fun Facts Emperor Yangdi killed his father Wendi to reach the throne
(it’s like a soap opera) Footbinding began in the Tang Dynasty
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Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty
Emperor Chu Ti sent admiral Zheng He for naval expeditions first voyage was in 1405 original purpose was to find former ruler Chu Yun-Wen, but he was never found allowed China to dominate trade in Southeast Asian and Indian Ocean foreign rulers gave emperor lions, leopards, giraffes, and ostriches increase in demand for Chinese silk, porcelain, and lacquer
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Zheng He’s Voyages kept a careful record of his travels
voyages extended from Southeast Asia to India seventh and last voyage was in 1433 after former emperor died, voyages ceased cost Confucians preferred traditional expenditures rather than distant foreign involvements
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Fun Facts Zheng He’s nickname was “three jeweled eunuch”
Chinese trading groups established permanent settlements in the Philippines Malaysia, and Indonesia added to cultural diversity and maintained a disproportionate role in local and regional trading activities
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the americas
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the maya
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What was traded? salt obsidian amber embroidered cloth cacao turquoise
main trade obsidian amber embroidered cloth cacao used as currency turquoise jade feathers jaguar hides cotton rubber
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Fun Facts much of the trade was by land the elite controlled the trade
also sea trade was important the elite controlled the trade maintained their power through trade there were no wheels, so slaves had to carry goods by hand
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the aztecs
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What was traded? cacao beans jaguar hides cotton maize knives
virtually every product available in Mesoamerica at the time
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Fun Facts Tlatelolco had the largest market
60,000 people visited daily merchants carried goods in caravans
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north american trade
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What was traded? agricultural products hardware copper salt chert mica
hoes axes copper salt chert mica
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Fun Facts North America was made up of mostly kinship groups
maintained peace by paying tribute in the form of seashells and beads, which were obtained by trade
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