1. Importance of monthly statistics on Natural Gas
Seminar Compilation of Natural Gas Statistics
27 February 2012 United Nations, New York
Mieke Reece
Oil and Gas Statistics
IEA Energy Data Centre

2. Overview What is natural gas
The importance and use of natural gas in the world
The outlook for Natural Gas
The need for monthly data
IEA’s monthly gas data collection system

3. What is natural gas?
Natural gas comprises several gases, but consists mainly of methane.
It can be in gaseous form or in liquid state (LNG)
LNG is liquefied natural gas that has been converted temporarily to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It is condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure by cooling it to −162 °C (−260 °F).

4. Overview What is natural gas
The importance and use of natural gas in the world
The outlook for Natural Gas
The need for monthly data
IEA’s monthly gas data collection system

5. World - Share of natural gas in the energy mix
Increase in the share of natural gas in the world

6. World – Use of natural gas
Natural gas use mainly for power generation
In the other category, gas is used mainly for residential consumption

7. Who are the big players in the gas market?

8.
51%
28%

9. World Regional Growth
Natural Gas Consumption
2009

10. Overview What is natural gas
The importance and use of natural gas in the world
The outlook for Natural Gas
The need for monthly data
IEA’s monthly gas data collection system

11. The future of gas ? – A growing market
Global gas demand is expected to grow by 2% per year(*)
(*) WEO - current policies scenario

12. Natural gas – why is it an attractive fuel?
Reserves – plenty available, about 60 years R/P
Production techniques – new production methods, more efficient and less expensive
Transport (LNG)
Energy security: several aspects :
Diversify away from oil
Increase security if indigenous production of gas
Shale gas
Clean fuel – CO2 emissions lower than for coal and oil

13. Overview What is natural gas
The importance and use of natural gas in the world
The outlook for Natural Gas
The need for monthly data
IEA’s monthly gas data collection system

14. What data are collected on an annual basis?
Natural gas - supply and consumption
Pipe line
LNG
Transformation
Exports
Stock Build
Energy
Distribution Losses
Marketed Production
Inland Consumption
Transport
Imports
Stock Draw
LNG
Pipe line
Residential Commercial Agriculture
Industry

15. Why are annual data not enough?
Natural gas is very seasonal - swings in monthly consumption are enormous
Natural gas market changing from a regional market to a global market (mainly because of LNG)
Energy security reasons: timely data is essential if there is an international gas crisis
Gas market transparency: the gas market needs more transparency as production, trade flows and consumption are not available for the world on a monthly basis.

16. Seasonality in gas demand

17. Natural gas is becoming a global market
Trade of natural gas is expanding
Particularly LNG market: more than doubled in 10 years
More sources of LNG (e.g. Norway, Russia)
More importers of LNG ( e.g. Brazil, Chile)
LNG can be transported all over the world
Spot markets and hubs are developing
Many future projects in the pipeline: liquefaction terminals,
regasification units etc

19. Monthly data essential for energy security
Countries need to know how dependent they are from certain import sources
In the past: long term contracts with a few suppliers
Now : some long term gas, but peak demand is often met by spot purchases of LNG.
Gas storage and stock levels important to deal with seasonal demand
Annual data is not timely enough to monitor the gas markets.

20. A few recent examples
February 2012 Extreme cold weather spell in Europe:
Supplies from Russia were reduced by 10% for a few days, before returning to normal levels. Several countries had historic high consumption and needed to compensate Russian gas from other sources. Crisis measures had to be taken in several European countries: Poland, Italy, Romania, Greece etc.
Ukraine – Russia dispute in January 2009
A 3-week disruption, the largest gas crisis in Europe’s history with a total loss of more than 5 bcm for Europe and some 2 bcm for Ukraine.
To be able to monitor these types of crises annual data are not sufficient – more timely monthly data are essential

21. Monthly data for investment planning
Monthly gas demand highly sensitive to weather and temperature
There is a need to balance supply and demand at any point of time during the year.
Decisions on gas storage and investments in infrastructure are based on monthly data.

22. Monthly data for gas market transparency
OECD countries report monthly natural gas data to IEA
Growing share of gas demand is from non-OECD countries (in 2010 – 51% and by 2035 expected to be 61%)
There is a large gap in monthly gas market information for the non-OECD countries
There is therefore a need to fill this data gap which can be accomplished by the 7 international organisations collecting

23. IEA’s monthly gas data collection
Monthly Gas Statistics
collected since January 1984
Data on Production, trade, stock changes and consumption
Trade by origin and destination
Collected for M-2
Gas trade flows
Objective: to monitor physical gas trade flows in Europe
Launched to solve problems with traditional trade reporting
Gas Jodi
Started in October 2010
Data for M-1

24. Natural gas – monthly versus annual
Pipe line
LNG
Transformation
Exports
Stock Build
Energy
Distribution Losses
Marketed Production
Inland Consumption
Transport
Imports
Stock Draw
LNG
Pipe line
Residential Commercial Agriculture
Industry
Annual data
Monthly data

25. Monthly Gas Trade Flows Project
Entry
Exit
Monthly Data

26. Monthly Gas Data - GTF 3. The Monthly Gas Trade Flows
To improve transparency in the European gas market, the IEA has been collecting monthly gas flow data on an entry and exit point basis (physical flows) for winter and has made it available on an interactive map.
Clicking on border points and countries will show additional gas information. You can also explore other options as provided by the software, for example the full screen mode by clicking at the bottom of the map on
3. The Monthly Gas Trade Flows

27. Free on the iea website:

28. Monthly Gas data – Gas JODI
4. GAS JODI - monthly gas data for M-1
Only one
NEW
Item!

29. Thank you !