1. Ch Mammals
Fossils show that mammals evolved nearly 200 million years ago.
Age of Mammals  Cenozoic
Example of mammalian development was the horse.
4 toes  3 toes  1 toe

2. Mammal Characteristics
1. Hair
2. Endothermic
4-chambered heart
Diaphragm to aid in breathing
Mainly viviparous
Mammary glands
Highly developed brain
Video

3. What are some advantages of endothermic vs. ectothermic?
Hunt at night
Regulate their own body temperature
More efficient
How does hair help mammals?
Insulation
How does the diaphragm & 4-chambered heart help mammals?
More efficient and higher metabolic rates to help maintain a constant body temperature.

4. Types of teeth in mammals
1. Incisors – bite & cut
2. Canines – grip, puncture, & tear
3. Bicuspids – shear & shred
4. Molars – grind & crush
Why are the shapes & sizes of teeth different in mammals?

5. What is viviparous?
Bear live young, in which the females care for and nourish the young.
How do the females provide nourishment for their young?
Mammary glands (milk)

6. Classification 3 main groups of mammals
1. Placental mammals – they nourish their young in the uterus through the placenta.
Most mammals
2. Monotremata – egg-laying mammals
3. Marsupialia – pouched mammals
Mainly in Australia

7. Mammal Orders 1. Monotremata
The only order of mammals that is oviparous (egg laying).
Duck-billed platypus & spiny anteater
Video
2. Marsupialia
These mammals are born before their development is complete. Thus, the newborns use their front legs to pull themselves into the mother’s pouch. Inside the pouch are mammary glands for them to feed on.

8. Placental Mammals (Orders)
What is a placenta?
An organ that allows nutrients and oxygen to get to the fetus through the mother’s blood.
What is the period of development in the mother’s uterus called?
Gestation period
Human’s is 9 months
More advanced mammals have longer gestation periods.

9. 3. Insectivora
Shrews, moles, & hedgehogs
Shrews are the smallest mammals
Mole’s fur goes both ways. Why?
Video
4. Rodenta
Largest mammal order
Squirrels, chipmunks, gophers, mice, rats, beaver
What’s the largest rodent in N. America?
Beaver

10. 5. Lagomorpha
Rabbits & hares
4 upper incisors instead of 2
Video
6. Edentata
Means “without teeth”
Anteaters, armadillos, & sloth
7. Chiroptera
Bats
Only mammals capable of true flight.
What is echolocation?

11. 8. Cetacea
Whales & dolphins
Breathe through a blowhole
Video
9. Sirenia
Manatees & dungongs
10. Carnivora
Dogs, cats, raccoons, wolves, bears, lynx, mountain lions, tigers, weasels, ect.
Have large canines (mainly carnivores)
11. Pinnipedia
Sea lions, walruses, & seals

12. 12. Perissodactyla
Have an odd # of toes (ungulates)
Ungulates are hoofed mammals.
Horses, zebras, rhinos
Video
13. Artiodactyla
Even # or ungulates & rumen
Deer, elk, bison, cows, moose, pigs, sheep, giraffes, camels, antelope, ect.
14. Proboscidea
Trunk nosed mammals
Elephants.

13. Specific epithet: sapien
15. Primates
Monkeys, apes, & humans
Chimps are 97.9% same genes as humans.
Video
Human Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primate
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Specific epithet: sapien

14. Mammals Heart
Draw out the following parts:
R. Atrium, R. Ventricle, L. Atrium, L. Ventricle, Vena Cava, Tricuspid, Semilunar valves, Lungs, bicuspid, aorta, arteries, veins, capillaries.

15. What are the differences in the vertebrate’s hearts?
2 –chambers?
Fish, larva amphibian
3-chambers?
Reptile(divided some), adult amphibian
4-chambers?
Birds, mammals

16. Respiratory Systems
Fish  gills
Amphibians  gills, lungs, skin
Reptiles  lungs
Birds  lungs
Mammals  lungs & diaphragm

17. The bigger & more complex the vertebrate the larger the brain.
Nervous System
The bigger & more complex the vertebrate the larger the brain.
All vertebrates use kidneys as an excretory system.

18. External Fertilization Fish & Amphibians Internal Fertilization
Reproductive Systems
External Fertilization
Fish & Amphibians
Internal Fertilization
Reptiles, Birds, & Mammals
Oviparous  birds, some reptiles
Oviviparous  some reptiles
Viviparous  mammals