2. QUESTIONS ABOUT THE COUNTRY
TURKEY
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE COUNTRY

3. Who was the founder and the first president of Turkish Republic?
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.( )
Following a series of victories, he led his nation to full independence. He put an end to the Ottoman dynasty whose tale had lasted more than six centuries and created the Republic of Turkey in 1923, establishing a new government.
As President for 15 years, until his death in 1938, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk introduced reforms - in the political, social, legal, economic, andcultural spheres.

4. What is the capital city of Turkey?
Ankara:
Ankara is the turkey’s second largest city after İstanbul. The city has a population of (Province ), and a mean elevation of 850 m (2800 ft)
Centrally located in Anatolia, Ankara is an important commercial and industrial city. It is the center of the Turkish Government, and houses all foreign embassies.

5. What do you know about ‘Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi’ who is considered to be one of the most important intellectuals in Turkey?
Mevlana who is also known as Rumi, was a philosopher and mystic of Islam, but not a Muslim of the orthodox type.
He was born on 30 September 1207 in Balkh and he died on 17 December 1273 in Konya in present day Turkey.
His doctrine advocates unlimited tolerance, positive reasoning, goodness, charity and awareness through love. To him and to his disciples all religions are more or less truth.
Looking with the same eye on Muslim, Jew and Christian alike, his peaceful and tolerant teaching has appealed to men of all sects and creeds.

6. Which is the widespread religion in Turkey?
99% of the Turkish population is Moslem.
The remaining is composed of :
Orthodox Christians
Gregorian Christians
Catholic
Suryani
Protestant Christians
Jews.
Although most of the population is Moslem, Turkey is a secular country and everyone has freedom of religion and beliefs. No one can be forced to participate in religious ceremonies or rites against their will and no blame can be attached to anyone because of their beliefs.

7. What are the geographic regions in Turkey?
Turkey is divided into 7 geographic regions :
Marmara (Marmara)
Aegean (Ege)
Mediterranean (Akdeniz)
Southeastern (Guney Dogu)
Eastern (Dogu)
Black sea (Karadeniz)
Central Anatolia (Ic Anadolu)

8. In which region is Kahramanmaras settled?
Although the city is largely located in Mediterranean region, some of its territories lie in East Anatolia and some of its towns are in the area of Southeast Anatolia.

9. What is Kahramanmaras famous for?
Kahramanmaras is famous for its history and its totally unique culture. It´s known for its legendary courage and bravery as seen during the war of independence. The city of Kahramanmaraş was awarded the title "Kahraman" ( kahraman is the Turkish word for hero). Also it is famous for its culinary products of red pepper and ice-cream.

10. Write some of the traditional meals in Turkey.
Turkey has a rich variety of cuisine that makes it worthwhile just to take a culinary tour of the country. You cannot identify one dominant Turkish food like the Italian pasta or the French sauce, but the Turks have perfected their cuisine to a fine craft that reflects their refinement of culture.
Some typical dishes are:
-Kebab:The typical Turkish meat item is kebab. The popular varieties of kebabs are the “sis” kebabs and the “doner” kebabs. The fine taste of kebabs really depends on the breed of cattle or sheep rather than the chef of the recipe.
-Meze: “Meze” are dishes to accompany alcoholic drinks as a starter. Drinking alcohol with family and friends is traditional in Turkey. Slices of honeydew lemon, fete cheese with bread, dried and marinated mackerel; savory pastry and cold vegetable dishes are generally served as meze. The meze items vary according to the course being served.

11. Write some of the outstanding features of Turkish people.
The two characteristic of the Turkish people are Hospitality and closed family relations:
Hospitality: Turkish people are the most gracious and generous hosts. In every corner of the country such a traditional hospitality will meet you. They will open their houses to every guest with a smiling face and with all their sincerity give the best seat and cook the best food for their guest.
Family Relations: Family Relations are very closed within Turks. They respect their elder and support each other in every way. Fathers and Mothers support their children financially until they get married. When the child gets married the financial support may continue but it is expected that the new family could earn enough and manage their livings. This closed relation is a kind of boomerang, elder support children when they are young , children support their elder when they are old...

12. What are the most significant historical places in Turkey?
Constantinople:The most important place was Constantinople, the capital of the Roman Empire the, Byzantine/East Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. It was officially renamed to its modern Turkish name Istanbul in 1930 as part of Atatürk's Turkish national reforms. This name was already in common use among the city's Turkish inhabitants for nearly five centuries. Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christian empire, successor to ancient Greece and Rome. Throughout the Middle Ages Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city, known as the Queen of Cities.

13. Ephesus:The ruins of Ephesus take on a value and a special significance among the numerous sites of an archaeological interest.
The original site of Ancient Ephesus was most likely established on the Aegean coast, on the shores of that sea which today is located 8 km. away from the achaeological excavations. In Roman times a sea channel was maintained with difficulty to a harbour well west of Pion. By late Byzantine times this channel had become useless, and the coast by the mid-20th century was three miles farther west.

14. TURKEY
Questions about the educational system

15. How many years is compulsory education in Turkey?
Turkish system mandates 8 years of primary education and 4 years of high school.
What are the stages in Turkish Education system?
Turkish Education System have two stages:
-Primary school (6-14 years old)
-High-school. (14-18 years old)

16. What are the main subjets taught in Primary school?
In primary school,Turkish students study: Turkish language, Mathematics, Sciences, Social Sciences, Art, Music, Physical Education, Handicraft, English language and sometimes another foreign language (generally French or German)
What are the foreign languages taught in Turkey?
In primary school Turkish students learn English language and sometimes another foreign language (generally French or German)

17. What types of schools are there in Turkey?
What is the number of students in Turkey and what is the rate of it in the general population?
According to 2006 census results,the population of Turkey is with a density of 92 hab/km2 and for academic year, there exist students and teachers at pre-primary education, primary, secondary schools and formal education. Accordingly 25.3 % of the country’s population are students and 0.9 % teachers making a total of 26.2 %.
What types of schools are there in Turkey?
In Turkey there are Vocational High Schools, which focus on a certain type of profession, like Tourism Vocational High Schools, Industrial Vocational High Schools, and Electrical Vocational High Schools (e.g. the Tourism Vocational High Schools gives education about tourism and hotels in addition to the standard lesson outline); Imam-Hatip High Schools, different type of general high school with lessons about religion; and finally, Private High Schools, which are established by private enterprises.

18. At what age do the students start primary schools?
At the age of 6 years old.
What are the social activities that students can take part after school?
Turkish students can practice some sports, learn foreign languages and go to classes of art and music .

19. GREAT BRITAIN
Questions about the country

20. What are the countries that make up the United Kingdom?
The United Kingdom is divided into four home nations or constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have a unicameral legislature each, devolved from the United Kingdom Parliament, which relates specifically to each constituent country: the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Each also has its own Executive, led by a First Minister, which controls separate law making and constitutional powers devolved from Westminster. However, despite being the largest of the United Kingdom's four constituent countries, England, (with the exception of the Greater London Authority), has no devolved executive; it is ruled directly by the UK government.
Each nation is further subdivided for the purposes of local government. The Queen appoints a Lord-Lieutenant as her personal representative in lieutenancy areas across the UK; this is little more than a ceremonial role.

21. What is the political System in UK?
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as head of state.
The monarch of the UK also serves as head of state of fifteen other Commonwealth countries, putting the UK in a personal union with those other states. The UK has a parliamentary government based on strong democratic traditions.
The position of Prime Minister, the UK's head of government, belongs to the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister and their Cabinet are formally appointed by the Monarch to form Her Majesty's Government. However, the Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet, and by convention, the Queen respects the Prime Minister's choices. The Cabinet is traditionally drawn from members of the Prime Minister's party in both legislative houses, and mostly from the House of Commons, to which they are responsible. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and Cabinet, all of whom are sworn into Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and become Ministres of the crown.

22. What’s Britain most popular Dish?
Fish and chips, also fish 'n' chips, is a popular take-away food with British origins, consisting of deep-fried fish in batter or breadcrumbs with deep-fried chipped (slab-cut) potatoes.
Popular tradition associates the dish with the United Kingdom; and for decades fish and chips dominated the take-away food sector in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Fish and chips also has considerable popularity in parts of North America (New England, the Pacific Northwest and Canada generally), the Republic of Ireland and South Africa. Establishments in Denmark and in some coastal towns in Norway serve fried fillets. In the Netherlands, the popular deep-fried, battered fried fillet dish called lekkerbek sometimes appears served with chips.

23. What is Eastenders/ Coronation Street/ Emmerdale?
EastEnders is a popular and award-winning BBC television soap opera, first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC1 on 19 February 1985 and continuing to date.EastEnders' storylines examine the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Albert Square, a Victorian square of terraced houses, a pub, a street market and various small businesses in the East End of London, England. EastEnders has won five BAFTA Awards,and consistently won the Inside Soap Award for 'Best Soap' for ten years running,as well as eight National Television Awards for 'Most Popular Serial Drama' and five awards for 'Best Soap' at the British Soap Awards.It has also been inducted into the Rose d'Or Hall of Fame.
Coronation Street is an award-winning British soap opera. It is the longest-running television soap opera in the United Kingdom, first broadcast on Friday, 9 December 1960 made by Granada and broadcast in all but two regions of ITV as it existed at the time. The programme is consistently the highest-rated programme on British television.
Emmerdale (Emmerdale Farm until November 1989) is an award winning and critically acclaimed British soap opera, set in the fictional village of the same name in West Yorkshire, England. Much of the action takes place within the fictional village pub, The Woolpack. The show was created by Kevin Laffan, with Keith Richardson serving as Executive Producer since 1986 and Anita Turner as Series Producer from January Emmerdale is the third highest-rating soap opera on British television, behind Coronation Street and EastEnders.

24. Write down the name of two very famous people in England
The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948), is the eldest son of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He has held the title of Prince of Wales since 1958, and is styled "His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales", except in Scotland, where he is styled "His Royal Highness The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay". The title "Duke of Cornwall" is often used for the Prince in relation to Cornwall.
The Prince of Wales is well known for his extensive charity work, particularly for The Prince's Trust, The Prince's Drawing School, The Prince's Regeneration Trust, and The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment. He also carries out a full schedule of royal duties and, increasingly, is taking on more duties from his elderly parents as official representative of the Queen and deputy for his father.The Prince is also well known for his marriages to the late Diana, Princess of Wales and, subsequently, to Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.

25. David Robert Joseph Beckham (born 2 May 1975) is an English professional football midfielder who currently plays for and captains Major League Soccer's Los Angeles Galaxy.He is also currently a member of the England national team.
He has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year, and as recently as 2004 was the world's highest-paid footballer.Beckham was captain of England from 15 November 2000 to 2 July He made 58 appearances as captain, and ended his tenure in that role after the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals. He continued to make contributions for the England national team in 2007 competitions.
Beckham's career began when he signed a professional contract with Manchester United, making his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17. During his time there, United won the Premiership title six times, the FA Cup twice, and the UEFA Champions League in He left Manchester United to sign for Real Madrid in 2003, where he remained for four seasons. In his final season, Real clinched the La Liga title in the final game of the season. In January 2007, it was announced that Beckham would leave Real Madrid and sign a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy.He played his final match with Real on 17 June, after which the team was awarded the 2006–07 La Liga championship.

26. Who is Elizabeth II?
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary;born 21 April 1926) is the Queen regnant of sixteen independent states and their overseas territories and dependencies. She ascended the thrones of seven countries in February 1952.
In addition to the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II is also Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, and Saint Kitts and Nevis, in each of which she is represented by a Governor-General. The 16 countries of which she is Queen are known as Commonwealth Realms, and their combined population, including dependencies is over 129 million. In theory her powers are vast; in practice (and in accordance with convention) she herself never intervenes in political matters. In the United Kingdom at least, however, she is known to take an active behind-the-scenes interest in the affairs of state, meeting regularly to establish a working relationship with her government ministers.

27. Elizabeth II holds a variety of other positions, among them Head of the Commonwealth, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, Duke of Normandy, Lord of Mann, and Paramount Chief of Fiji.
Since 1947, the Queen has been married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, born a prince of Greece and Denmark. To date the couple have four children and eight grandchildren.

28. Where is Tewkesbury? What happened in Tewkesbury in July 07?
Tewkesbury is a town in Gloucestershire, England. It stands at the confluence of the River Severn and the River Avon, and also minor tributaries the Swilgate and Carrant Brook. It gives its name to the Borough of Tewkesbury, of which the town is the largest settlement.
In July 2007 the town came to both national and international prominence, appearing on the front page of numerous national newspapers, when it suffered from some of the worst flooding in recorded British history.
Both rivers which meet at Tewkesbury - the Severn and Avon - were overwhelmed by the volume of rain that fell in the surrounding areas on one day Friday 20th July. All four access roads to the town were flooded and rendered impassable. The only major remaining access was via what was once a railway line, the embankment allowing for access via foot or cycle, although many braved a route through a residential estate, where the flood levels were low enough to wade through.
For the first time in its 100-year history the Mythe Water Treatment Works flooded, resulting in the loss of tap water for 140,000 Homes over a period of two weeks.

30. What are the historical links can you mention between Spain, Great Britain, Turkey or Portugal?
The European Union:
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic community of twenty-seven member states with supranational and intergovernmental features, located primarily in Europe. It traces its origins to the European Economic Community (EEC) formed in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome among six European countries. Since then the EU has grown in size through the accession of new member states and has increased its powers by the addition of new policy areas to its remit. In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty established the current legal framework. The Treaty of Lisbon signed in December 2007 initiates a ratification process in 2008 and is amending the existing treaties. It is intended to come into force on 1 January 2009.
Great Britain is member of the European Union since Spain and Portugal are members since 1986 and now Turkey is trying to be a new member.

31. Portugal-Spain independence:
The land within the borders of today's Portuguese Republic has been constantly settled since prehistoric times. Some of the earliest civilizations include Celtic societies, followed by incorporation into the Roman Republic dominions in the 2nd century BC, and subsequently into Germanic Kingdoms, such as the Suebi and the Visigoths, from the 5th to the 8th century.
The Muslim Moors arrived in the early 8th century and conquered the Christian Germanic kingdoms, eventually occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula. In the early 1100s, during the Christian Reconquista, Portugal appeared as a kingdom independent of its neighbour, the Kingdom of León and Galicia (that will be The kingdom of Spain in the future). In a little over a century, in 1249, Portugal would establish almost its entire modern-day borders by conquering territory from the Moors.

32. Write down 3 very famous monuments in England
Westminster Abbey
-The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English monarchs.
Buckingham Palace
-Buckingham palace is the official London residence of the British monarch.The palace is a setting for state occasions and royal entertaining, and a major tourist attraction. It has been a rallying point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and crisis.

33. Big Ben
The Clock Tower is the world's largest four-faced, chiming clock. The structure is situated at the north-eastern end of the Houses of Parliament building in Westminster, London. It is often mistakenly called "Big Ben" — which is actually the main bell housed within the Clock Tower.The Clock Tower has also been referred to as The Tower of Big Ben, Big Tom and, incorrectly, St Stephen's Tower which is actually the spired tower towards the middle of the Palace, and is the main point of entry for attendees of debates and committees.

35. Why do british students wear an uniform?
Some people in Great Britain believe in the efficiency of uniforms, in improving academic performance and student attitudes, but this is debated.
Almost all British schools require pupils to wear uniforms, although further education colleges (for age 16+) do not usually have a uniform:
Typical British secondary school uniform often, but not exclusively, consists of:
-School blazer with school crest or logo
-Plain white shirt -School tie
-Black, navy, grey, or maroon trousers or skirt.
-Grey or black socks (boys)
-White socks or black or skin-coloured tights or hold-up stockings (girls)
-Plain black shoes (trainers may be allowed in the summer).
-Black or navy or grey or school color v-neck pullover, or black pullover with the school crest or logo
-Outer clothing of a sober design

36. What type of schools can be found in England?
There are schools run by the Government. These schools are known as State Schools and parents do not pay. They are financed by public funds, which means that the money comes from the national and local taxes. Ninety percent of children in England and Wales attend a state school.
There are also private schools. Parents pay for their children to attend these schools. They are known as Independent Schools.
They are divided in:
-Primary schools ( year olds) In the UK, the first level of education is known as primary education.
-Secondary schools ( year olds) Secondary schools provide compulsory education for children between the ages of eleven and sixteen in England and Wales. Children may stay on at school until the age of eighteen in order to pursue further studies, however this is not compulsory.

37. Infant School 5-7 * Key Stage School Year Age Types of Schools *
Reception 5
 Infant School 5-7
Primary Schools 5-11
 First Schools 5-8 1
Year 1
5-6
Year 2
6-7 2
Year 3
7-8
Junior Schools 7-11
Year 4
8-9
Middle
Schools
8-12 or 9-13
Year 5
9-10
Year 6
10-11 3
Year 7
11-12
Grammar Schools 
  Junior High Schools 12-16
Year 8
12-13
Secondary Schools
Year 9
13-14 4
Year 10
14-15
Year 11
15-16

38. What is the GCSE?What is the A level?
From the ages of fourteen to sixteen, pupils study for the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE).
It is usually taken between these ages although some students may have the opportunity to take one or more GCSEs early. The education systems of other British territories, such as Gibraltar and ex-British (influenced) territory South Africa, also use the qualifications as supplied by the same examination boards. The International "version" of GCSE is IGCSE, which can be applied to the whole world and which includes some more options, such as coursework options, language options, etc. When GCSEs are taken in secondary school, they can often be combined with other certifications such as a GNVQ.
Students who stay on at school from the ages of sixteen to eighteen in England, may take the Advanced (A) level examination, which traditionally is required for entry into higher education.

39. What subjects does 15-16 year old student study?
15-16 years old British students have to study: English, Mathematics, Science, Design and Technology, a Modern Foreign Language, Information and communication Technology and Phisical Education. Religious Education and Sex Education are also taught, although parents can choose not to let their child study these subjects.
What are the difference between core subjects and options?
Like in other countries in Great Britain students have core subjects, wich are obligatories for everybody, and options, wich can be choosed by the students.

40. What are the main languages taught in England?
In English Schools the students must study a foreign language. It can be French or German.
What are the different subjects taught in an English school?
Subjects studied in Key Stage 2 (5 -11 year olds) English, Mathematics, Science, Information Technology, Religious Education , Design and Technology, History, Geography, Art, Music and Physical Education.
Subject studied in Key Stage 3
English, Mathematics, Science, Design and Technology, History, Geography, Modern Foreign Languages, Art, Music and Phisical Education. Religious Education is also taught and Sex Education.
Subject studied in Key Stage 4
English, Mathematics, Science, Design and Technology, a Modern Foreign Language and Phisical Education. Religious Education and Sex Education are options.

41. What is the pastoral system in England?
The United Kingdom as a whole follows a policy of “in place of the parent” in which all teachers are to assume the role of the parent once a child is on the school grounds. In this wise, teachers in the UK often take on pastoral care roles, attending to the mental and physical welfare of their pupils, in the role of form tutor/teacher. Secondary schools have pastoral care systems usually through Heads of Year, or in more traditional schools through the House System.

42. What’s a normal school day for an english student?
This is a typical school day for an English student:
They usually go to their Tutor Room for Registration at 8:30.
9:00 1st Period
10:00 2nd Period
11: :20 Break
11:20 3rd Period
12:30 4th Period
1:30 - 2:10 Lunch
2:10 5th Period
3:10 End of School
Sometimes they stay after school for clubs.

43. At what age is school compulsory?
English children enter the reception class (first grade) of primary school in the next term after their fifth birthday. They attend primary school for seven years.
In England and Wales a person is no longer of compulsory school age after the last Friday of June of the school year in which their 16th birthday occurs.