1. Unit 5 Review
1750 CE—1914 CE

3. 1. Which of the following statements concerning the political philosophy of the Enlightenment is most accurate?
Enlightenment philosophies were creatures of the monarchs who were their patrons and supported the powers of the kings.
Although the Enlightenment philosophers were generally opposed to the authority of the church, they argued that only monarchy could insure stability for the masses.
Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes that did not grant full religious freedom or that insisted on aristocratic privilege.
Enlightenment intellectuals were the firmest supporters of the church left in European culture.
Enlightenment philosophers withdrew from society and politics and adopted a policy of non-intervention in religious matters.

4. 1. Which of the following statements concerning the political philosophy of the Enlightenment is most accurate?
Enlightenment philosophies were creatures of the monarchs who were their patrons and supported the powers of the kings.
Although the Enlightenment philosophers were generally opposed to the authority of the church, they argued that only monarchy could insure stability for the masses.
Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes that did not grant full religious freedom or that insisted on aristocratic privilege.
Enlightenment intellectuals were the firmest supporters of the church left in European culture.
Enlightenment philosophers withdrew from society and politics and adopted a policy of non-intervention in religious matters.

5. 2. Above all, population pressure in the 18th century
led to wholesale replacement of officeholders among the elite.
drove many people into the working-class proletariat.
led the business classes to reduce the number of children in their families.
caused the middle classes to reduce risk-taking.
kept many people trapped as agricultural serfs.

6. 2. Above all, population pressure in the 18th century
led to wholesale replacement of officeholders among the elite.
drove many people into the working-class proletariat.
led the business classes to reduce the number of children in their families.
caused the middle classes to reduce risk-taking.
kept many people trapped as agricultural serfs.

7. 3. In what year did the American colonies set up a new constitutional structure based on Enlightenment principles?
1776
1781
1783
1789
1795

8. 3. In what year did the American colonies set up a new constitutional structure based on Enlightenment principles?
1776
1781
1783
1789
1795

9. 4. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution?
Enlightenment thinkers urging the need to limit the powers of the Catholic church and the aristocracy
The church seeking greater power over the royal government
The middle-class demand for greater political representation
The peasant desire for freedom from manorialism
Financial problems of the French government

10. 4. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution?
Enlightenment thinkers urging the need to limit the powers of the Catholic church and the aristocracy
The church seeking greater power over the royal government
The middle-class demand for greater political representation
The peasant desire for freedom from manorialism
Financial problems of the French government

11. 5. On July 14 in the first year of the French Revolution, the storming of what political prison provided a revolutionary symbol?
Tuileries
Place des Vosges
Montparnasse
Bastille
Versailles

12. 5. On July 14 in the first year of the French Revolution, the storming of what political prison provided a revolutionary symbol?
Tuileries
Place des Vosges
Montparnasse
Bastille
Versailles

13. 6. The radical phase of the French Revolution led to all of the following EXCEPT the
execution of the king.
introduction of the metric system of weights and measures.
extension of the revolution to warfare in the Low Countries, Italy, and Germany.
full-scale attack on private property.
Reign of Terror

14. 6. The radical phase of the French Revolution led to all of the following EXCEPT the
execution of the king.
introduction of the metric system of weights and measures.
extension of the revolution to warfare in the Low Countries, Italy, and Germany.
full-scale attack on private property.
Reign of Terror

15. 7. Which of the following statements concerning the peace conference at Vienna following the fall of France is most accurate?
The allies intended to punish France severely in order to make certain that no further revolution was possible.
Territorial adjustments reached at Vienna kept Europe fairly stable for almost half a century.
Successful restoration of conservative monarchies and promotion of internal peace was achieved for a century.
Poland emerged as one of the winners in the territorial realignments that followed the wars.
The Congress of Vienna ushered in a new era of liberalism that lasted for over a hundred years.

16. 7. Which of the following statements concerning the peace conference at Vienna following the fall of France is most accurate?
The allies intended to punish France severely in order to make certain that no further revolution was possible.
Territorial adjustments reached at Vienna kept Europe fairly stable for almost half a century.
Successful restoration of conservative monarchies and promotion of internal peace was achieved for a century.
Poland emerged as one of the winners in the territorial realignments that followed the wars.
The Congress of Vienna ushered in a new era of liberalism that lasted for over a hundred years.

17. 8. Which 19th-century European political group listed below would espouse the following statement? “As long as property is controlled by private individuals, inequality will exist. It is the role of the state to manage property for the benefit of all citizens.”
Radicals
Socialists
Liberals
Conservatives
Military leaders

18. 8. Which 19th-century European political group listed below would espouse the following statement? “As long as property is controlled by private individuals, inequality will exist. It is the role of the state to manage property for the benefit of all citizens.”
Radicals
Socialists
Liberals
Conservatives
Military leaders

19. 9. After industrialization in 19th century Europe, a demographic transition occurred which led to a new system that promoted stable population levels through
government-sponsored family planning.
legal sanctions against illegitimate births.
low birth and death rates
increased mortality due to industrial accidents and environmental pollution.
increased mortality due to disease.

20. 9. After industrialization in 19th century Europe, a demographic transition occurred which led to a new system that promoted stable population levels through
government-sponsored family planning.
legal sanctions against illegitimate births.
low birth and death rates
increased mortality due to industrial accidents and environmental pollution.
increased mortality due to disease.

21. 10. Which of the following statements could NOT be attributed to the political philosophy of Karl Marx?
Earlier socialist theories based on utopian schemes were silly and unrealistic.
In the aftermath of the victory of the proletariat, the state would emerge permanently as a powerful dictatorship.
History was shaped by the available means of production and who controlled them.
Revolution of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie was inevitable.
In the final historical phase, the state would wither away.

22. 10. Which of the following statements could NOT be attributed to the political philosophy of Karl Marx?
Earlier socialist theories based on utopian schemes were silly and unrealistic.
In the aftermath of the victory of the proletariat, the state would emerge permanently as a powerful dictatorship.
History was shaped by the available means of production and who controlled them.
Revolution of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie was inevitable.
In the final historical phase, the state would wither away.

23. 11. Britain’s Australian colonies originated in 1788 as
mining expeditions.
plantation and ranching settlements.
penal settlements.
fortified trading ports.
military bases.

24. 11. Britain’s Australian colonies originated in 1788 as
mining expeditions.
plantation and ranching settlements.
penal settlements.
fortified trading ports.
military bases.

25. 12. British settlers in New Zealand encountered and eventually defeated which native group?
Aborigines
Dravidians
Maoris
Taino
Dorians

26. 12. British settlers in New Zealand encountered and eventually defeated which native group?
Aborigines
Dravidians
Maoris
Taino
Dorians

27. 13. Which of the following was NOT an aspect of imperialism in the period following European industrialization?
The search for markets for European manufactured products
The absence of Christian missions
The establishment of European colonies in the interior of Africa and Asia
The search for raw materials to feed the machines of Europe
The need to find profitable investments for excess capital

28. 13. Which of the following was NOT an aspect of imperialism in the period following European industrialization?
The search for markets for European manufactured products
The absence of Christian missions
The establishment of European colonies in the interior of Africa and Asia
The search for raw materials to feed the machines of Europe
The need to find profitable investments for excess capital

29. 14. How were 18th-century land empires in Asia accumulated?
By direct government intervention
By the policy of the directors of the Dutch and British East India companies acting under the direction of their governments
By the initiative of overseas agents of the Dutch and British East India companies acting in the absence of instructions from the company directors
No 18th-century territorial acquisitions were made.
By insubordinate military leaders

30. 14. How were 18th-century land empires in Asia accumulated?
By direct government intervention
By the policy of the directors of the Dutch and British East India companies acting under the direction of their governments
By the initiative of overseas agents of the Dutch and British East India companies acting in the absence of instructions from the company directors
No 18th-century territorial acquisitions were made.
By insubordinate military leaders

31. 15. The territories controlled by the British East India Company expanded concurrently with the collapse of the
Safavid dominions.
Mughal empire.
Mauryan territories.
Raj.
Maghreb.

32. 15. The territories controlled by the British East India Company expanded concurrently with the collapse of the
Safavid dominions.
Mughal empire.
Mauryan territories.
Raj.
Maghreb.

33. 16. Which of the following was NOT a handicap faced by the Indian princes in defending their kingdoms from the British?
The lack of a sense of national identity in India
The willingness of Indians to serve in the British armies
The continued warfare among the Indian princes
The success of the British in winning many converts to Christianity
Strength of the British military

34. 16. Which of the following was NOT a handicap faced by the Indian princes in defending their kingdoms from the British?
The lack of a sense of national identity in India
The willingness of Indians to serve in the British armies
The continued warfare among the Indian princes
The success of the British in winning many converts to Christianity
Strength of the British military

35. 17. All of the following were reasons why India became the pivot of the great British Empire EXCEPT
the size of the Indian land army.
the utility of Indian ports in maintaining British sea power.
the residence of more white settlers than any other British colony.
the existence of raw materials useful to the British industries.
British interest in global trade.

36. 17. All of the following were reasons why India became the pivot of the great British Empire EXCEPT
the size of the Indian land army.
the utility of Indian ports in maintaining British sea power.
the residence of more white settlers than any other British colony.
the existence of raw materials useful to the British industries.
British interest in global trade.

37. 18. Jeremy Bentham and James Mill were leaders of what philosophical movement that supported social reform in the colonies?
Sophism
Social Gospel
Social Darwinism
Pragmatism
Utilitarianism

38. 18. Jeremy Bentham and James Mill were leaders of what philosophical movement that supported social reform in the colonies?
Sophism
Social Gospel
Social Darwinism
Pragmatism
Utilitarianism

39. 19. In the first half of the 19th century, what European nation dominated overseas trade and empire building?
Holland
Portugal
Britain
Germany
Spain

40. 19. In the first half of the 19th century, what European nation dominated overseas trade and empire building?
Holland
Portugal
Britain
Germany
Spain

41. 20. Which of the following nations did NOT enter the competitive race for colonial empire and industrial supremacy after 1870?
Germany
Belgium
Spain
The United States
Italy

42. 20. Which of the following nations did NOT enter the competitive race for colonial empire and industrial supremacy after 1870?
Germany
Belgium
Spain
The United States
Italy

43. 21. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Quarrels over the division of the colonial spoils were used to justify the arms buildup and general militarism.
European nations cooperated to defeat the outmanned armies of African nations.
European nations rapidly came to agreements over the territorial division of colonial holdings.
The League of Nations supervised the construction of European colonial empires.
Colonial disputes were usually referred to the World Court located at the Hague.

44. 21. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Quarrels over the division of the colonial spoils were used to justify the arms buildup and general militarism.
European nations cooperated to defeat the outmanned armies of African nations.
European nations rapidly came to agreements over the territorial division of colonial holdings.
The League of Nations supervised the construction of European colonial empires.
Colonial disputes were usually referred to the World Court located at the Hague.

45. 22. By 1914 all of Africa had fallen to European colonialists EXCEPT
Libya.
Algeria.
Egypt.
Ethiopia.
South Africa.

46. 22. By 1914 all of Africa had fallen to European colonialists EXCEPT
Libya.
Algeria.
Egypt.
Ethiopia.
South Africa.

47. 23. Which of the following was a republic founded by the Boers in the 1850s?
Liberia
Rhodesia
Natal
Senegal
Transvaal

48. 23. Which of the following was a republic founded by the Boers in the 1850s?
Liberia
Rhodesia
Natal
Senegal
Transvaal

49. 24. Hawaii was effectively opened to the West through the voyages of
Magellan.
Captain James Cook.
Henry Hudson.
Admiral Farragut.
Francis Drake.

50. 24. Hawaii was effectively opened to the West through the voyages of
Magellan.
Captain James Cook.
Henry Hudson.
Admiral Farragut.
Francis Drake.

51. 25. In what way was Latin America different from the other regions that remained outside the direct control of Western imperialism?
Latin America had no economic relationship with the West.
During the century of imperialism, Latin America cast off previous colonial controls through revolution.
Unlike the others, Latin America had no previous political relationship to the West.
The ideals of the Enlightenment had little or no impact on Latin America.
It achieved rapid industrialization through the use of capital from the United States.

52. 25. In what way was Latin America different from the other regions that remained outside the direct control of Western imperialism?
Latin America had no economic relationship with the West.
During the century of imperialism, Latin America cast off previous colonial controls through revolution.
Unlike the others, Latin America had no previous political relationship to the West.
The ideals of the Enlightenment had little or no impact on Latin America.
It achieved rapid industrialization through the use of capital from the United States.

53. 26. What event in 19th-century Europe precipitated the movements for independence in Latin America?
The forced abdication of the royal family of Spain during the Napoleonic wars
The conquest of the Mughal empire by the Portuguese
Spain’s loss of colonial territories to the British during the War of Jenkins’ Ear
The Seven Years War and is aftermath
Beheading of Louis XVI during the French Revolution

54. 26. What event in 19th-century Europe precipitated the movements for independence in Latin America?
The forced abdication of the royal family of Spain during the Napoleonic wars
The conquest of the Mughal empire by the Portuguese
Spain’s loss of colonial territories to the British during the War of Jenkins’ Ear
The Seven Years War and is aftermath
Beheading of Louis XVI during the French Revolution

55. 27. Who initiated the movement for independence in Mexico by calling on the mestizos and Indians to rebel in 1810?
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Father Miguel de Hidalgo
Simon Bolivar
Agustin de Iturbide
Jose Maria Morelos

56. 27. Who initiated the movement for independence in Mexico by calling on the mestizos and Indians to rebel in 1810?
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Father Miguel de Hidalgo
Simon Bolivar
Agustin de Iturbide
Jose Maria Morelos

57. 28. Simon Bolivar was responsible for the independence movement in
Argentina.
Mexico.
northern South America.
Guatemala.
Panama.

58. 28. Simon Bolivar was responsible for the independence movement in
Argentina.
Mexico.
northern South America.
Guatemala.
Panama.

59. 29. In what way was the experience of the Napoleonic wars different for Portugal than for Spain?
Portugal was allied with the French emperor.
The French attempted to invade Portugal, but failed.
The entire royal family fled from the French to Brazil and established their capital there.
Following the defeat of the Portuguese, the French took over the colonial administration of Brazil.
The Portuguese were assisted by Britain unlike the Spanish.

60. 29. In what way was the experience of the Napoleonic wars different for Portugal than for Spain?
Portugal was allied with the French emperor.
The French attempted to invade Portugal, but failed.
The entire royal family fled from the French to Brazil and established their capital there.
Following the defeat of the Portuguese, the French took over the colonial administration of Brazil.
The Portuguese were assisted by Britain unlike the Spanish.

61. 30. How was Brazilian independence achieved?
Through a rebellion led by the creole elite
Through a slave rebellion on the model of Haiti
Because the French freed the colony unilaterally
Pedro, the prince regent of Brazil, declared independence
By an act of the Portuguese parliament

62. 30. How was Brazilian independence achieved?
Through a rebellion led by the creole elite
Through a slave rebellion on the model of Haiti
Because the French freed the colony unilaterally
Pedro, the prince regent of Brazil, declared independence
By an act of the Portuguese parliament

63. 31. Which of the following statements concerning the political organization of Latin America to 1850 is most accurate?
Most of Latin America was divided up into consolidated units that mirrored the colonial vice royalties.
The excellent colonial road system enabled the creation of larger states after independence.
Permanent consolidation and union was more typical of Central America and southern South America than elsewhere.
Most attempts at consolidation and union had failed.
Traditional tribal boundaries formed the basis for new nation-states.

64. 31. Which of the following statements concerning the political organization of Latin America to 1850 is most accurate?
Most of Latin America was divided up into consolidated units that mirrored the colonial vice royalties.
The excellent colonial road system enabled the creation of larger states after independence.
Permanent consolidation and union was more typical of Central America and southern South America than elsewhere.
Most attempts at consolidation and union had failed.
Traditional tribal boundaries formed the basis for new nation-states.

65. 32. The United States expressed its attitude toward Latin American independence in 1823 with the issuance of the
Articles of Confederation.
Southwest Ordinance.
Canning Treaty.
Monroe Doctrine.
Adams-Onis Treaty.

66. 32. The United States expressed its attitude toward Latin American independence in 1823 with the issuance of the
Articles of Confederation.
Southwest Ordinance.
Canning Treaty.
Monroe Doctrine.
Adams-Onis Treaty.

67. 33. Which of the following factors did NOT account for the economic stagnation in Latin America from 1820 to 1850?
Slow recovery of the mining sector after wars of independence
Lack of a transportation network and port facilities
Lack of capital for investment in industry
Absence of foreign markets for raw materials
A rural and industrial unskilled labor force

68. 33. Which of the following factors did NOT account for the economic stagnation in Latin America from 1820 to 1850?
Slow recovery of the mining sector after wars of independence
Lack of a transportation network and port facilities
Lack of capital for investment in industry
Absence of foreign markets for raw materials
A rural and industrial unskilled labor force

69. 34. Which of the following nations intervened militarily in Mexican politics between 1862 and 1865?
Germany
United States
Britain
Spain
France

70. 34. Which of the following nations intervened militarily in Mexican politics between 1862 and 1865?
Germany
United States
Britain
Spain
France

71. 35. “Manifest Destiny” referred to
the inevitability of a democratic republic in Mexico.
the economic dominance of Britain in Latin America.
the imposition of French government in Mexico during the reign of Napoleon III.
the belief that the United States was destined to rule the North American continent from coast to coast.
the domination by Spanish colonists of the native peoples of the Americas.

72. 35. “Manifest Destiny” referred to
the inevitability of a democratic republic in Mexico.
the economic dominance of Britain in Latin America.
the imposition of French government in Mexico during the reign of Napoleon III.
the belief that the United States was destined to rule the North American continent from coast to coast.
the domination by Spanish colonists of the native peoples of the Americas.

73. 36. The Spanish-American War which broke out in 1898 centered on
Mexico.
Brazil.
Cuba.
Haiti.
Canada.

74. 36. The Spanish-American War which broke out in 1898 centered on
Mexico.
Brazil.
Cuba.
Haiti.
Canada.

75. 37. Which of the following was NOT a weakness associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century?
Weak rulers
Competition within factions of the elite
Conversion of much of the population to Christianity
Deteriorating conditions for artisans as a result of competition with the West
Weak and obsolete military force

76. 37. Which of the following was NOT a weakness associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century?
Weak rulers
Competition within factions of the elite
Conversion of much of the population to Christianity
Deteriorating conditions for artisans as a result of competition with the West
Weak and obsolete military force

77. 38. The first region to successfully rebel and achieve independence from the Ottoman Empire was
the Crimea.
Greece.
Serbia.
Palestine.
Turkey.

78. 38. The first region to successfully rebel and achieve independence from the Ottoman Empire was
the Crimea.
Greece.
Serbia.
Palestine.
Turkey.

79. 39. What European nation supported the Ottoman Empire in order to prevent other European powers from gaining access to the Mediterranean?
Britain
France
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Belgium

80. 39. What European nation supported the Ottoman Empire in order to prevent other European powers from gaining access to the Mediterranean?
Britain
France
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Belgium

81. 40. What Ottoman sultan successfully eliminated the Janissary corps as a military and political influence?
Selim III
Mahmud II
Abdul Hamid
Selim II
Ali

82. 40. What Ottoman sultan successfully eliminated the Janissary corps as a military and political influence?
Selim III
Mahmud II
Abdul Hamid
Selim II
Ali

83. 41. Which of the following was NOT part of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?
Introduction of Western-style education in the universities
Addition of state-run postal and telegraph systems
Creation of a constitution based on European prototypes
Elimination of religious protection for minority religious groups
Extensive legal reforms

84. 41. Which of the following was NOT part of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?
Introduction of Western-style education in the universities
Addition of state-run postal and telegraph systems
Creation of a constitution based on European prototypes
Elimination of religious protection for minority religious groups
Extensive legal reforms

85. 42. Which of the following groups was responsible for the overthrow of the Ottoman sultanate in 1908?
Black September
Ottoman Society for Union and Progress
Young Arabs
Mamluks
Black Hand

86. 42. Which of the following groups was responsible for the overthrow of the Ottoman sultanate in 1908?
Black September
Ottoman Society for Union and Progress
Young Arabs
Mamluks
Black Hand

87. 43. By 1801 what ruler had succeeded in establishing his dominance over Egypt?
Murad, commander of the Mamluks
Napoleon, French emperor
Muhammad Ali, an Albanian officer in the Ottoman army
Nurhaci, Almoravid military commander
Sultan Ahmet, Egyptian nationalist

88. 43. By 1801 what ruler had succeeded in establishing his dominance over Egypt?
Murad, commander of the Mamluks
Napoleon, French emperor
Muhammad Ali, an Albanian officer in the Ottoman army
Nurhaci, Almoravid military commander
Sultan Ahmet, Egyptian nationalist

89. 44. The dynastic name taken by the Manchu dynasty was
Song.
Tang.
Qing.
Chou.
Sui.

90. 44. The dynastic name taken by the Manchu dynasty was
Song.
Tang.
Qing.
Chou.
Sui.

91. 45. What was the impact of the British opium trade on China?
Its use was restricted to the peasantry of northern China, where production of food rapidly decreased.
The government was quickly able to halt the importation of opium, so that it did not have the disastrous impact on the Chinese population that was expected.
Within years China’s favorable balance of trade was reversed and silver began to flow out of the country.
Due to the addiction of the imperial court, the British were welcomed as a valuable trade partner of China.
The opium trade had little economic effect on China in the long run.

92. 45. What was the impact of the British opium trade on China?
Its use was restricted to the peasantry of northern China, where production of food rapidly decreased.
The government was quickly able to halt the importation of opium, so that it did not have the disastrous impact on the Chinese population that was expected.
Within years China’s favorable balance of trade was reversed and silver began to flow out of the country.
Due to the addiction of the imperial court, the British were welcomed as a valuable trade partner of China.
The opium trade had little economic effect on China in the long run.

93. 46. The semi-Christian rebellion, to create heaven on earth, that broke out in southern China in the 1850s and early 1860s was the
Boxer rebellion.
Kwangxi rebellion.
Shandong rebellion.
Manchu rebellion.
Taiping rebellion.

94. 46. The semi-Christian rebellion, to create heaven on earth, that broke out in southern China in the 1850s and early 1860s was the
Boxer rebellion.
Kwangxi rebellion.
Shandong rebellion.
Manchu rebellion.
Taiping rebellion.

95. 47. What was the political and social position of the Manchu rulers at the end of the 19th century?
The Manchu rulers stubbornly resisted the far reaching reforms that were the only hope of saving the regime and Chinese civilization.
The last decades of the dynasty were dominated by Cixi, a woman who proposed radical reforms of the social order.
The Chinese scholar-gentry and the provincial elite allied with the emperors to introduce significant reform of landholding practices and regional administration.
The dynasty wholeheartedly embraced the ongoing Westernizaton of the Chinese government and economy.
The Manchu rulers adopted a wait-and-see attitude with regard to Western-style reforms.

96. 47. What was the political and social position of the Manchu rulers at the end of the 19th century?
The Manchu rulers stubbornly resisted the far reaching reforms that were the only hope of saving the regime and Chinese civilization.
The last decades of the dynasty were dominated by Cixi, a woman who proposed radical reforms of the social order.
The Chinese scholar-gentry and the provincial elite allied with the emperors to introduce significant reform of landholding practices and regional administration.
The dynasty wholeheartedly embraced the ongoing Westernizaton of the Chinese government and economy.
The Manchu rulers adopted a wait-and-see attitude with regard to Western-style reforms.

97. 48. In what year was the last emperor of China deposed in favor of a republican form of government?
1895
1901
1908
1912
1914

98. 48. In what year was the last emperor of China deposed in favor of a republican form of government?
1895
1901
1908
1912
1914

99. 49. Which of the following reflects a significant similarity between Japan and Russia during the period of industrialization prior to 1914?
Both experienced significant political revolutions.
Both Japan and Russia had prior experience of imitation, Japan from China and Russia from Byzantium and the West.
Both demonstrated remarkable political flexibility resulting in sweeping transformations of political structure.
Both engaged in territorial acquisitions in the Ottoman Empire.
Both had a large industrial labor force coupled with a small agricultural base.

100. 49. Which of the following reflects a significant similarity between Japan and Russia during the period of industrialization prior to 1914?
Both experienced significant political revolutions.
Both Japan and Russia had prior experience of imitation, Japan from China and Russia from Byzantium and the West.
Both demonstrated remarkable political flexibility resulting in sweeping transformations of political structure.
Both engaged in territorial acquisitions in the Ottoman Empire.
Both had a large industrial labor force coupled with a small agricultural base.

101. 50. What nations were linked together in the Holy Alliance that grouped conservative monarchies together in defense of religion and the status quo in 1815?
Britain, France, Spain
Spain, Russia, Poland
Russia, Prussia, Austria
Austria, Japan, Russia
France, Britain, Italy

102. 50. What nations were linked together in the Holy Alliance that grouped conservative monarchies together in defense of religion and the status quo in 1815?
Britain, France, Spain
Spain, Russia, Poland
Russia, Prussia, Austria
Austria, Japan, Russia
France, Britain, Italy

103. 51. What was the name of the Russian revolt inspired by Western values in 1825?
The Decembrist uprising
The November rebellion
Pushkin’s revolt
Pugachev rebellion
Potemkin mutiny

104. 51. What was the name of the Russian revolt inspired by Western values in 1825?
The Decembrist uprising
The November rebellion
Pushkin’s revolt
Pugachev rebellion
Potemkin mutiny

105. 52. What accounted for the West’s victory over Russia in the Crimean War?
The war was fought far from Russia, necessitating lengthy lines of communication and supply.
Russia was forced to fight an offensive war against entrenched positions.
The war was fought almost entirely at sea where the Russians were unable to bring their numerical superiority to bear.
The Western nations won not because of superior tactics or inspired principles, but because of industrial advantages.
Sardinian and Polish assistance to the Russians was ineffective in the long run.

106. 52. What accounted for the West’s victory over Russia in the Crimean War?
The war was fought far from Russia, necessitating lengthy lines of communication and supply.
Russia was forced to fight an offensive war against entrenched positions.
The war was fought almost entirely at sea where the Russians were unable to bring their numerical superiority to bear.
The Western nations won not because of superior tactics or inspired principles, but because of industrial advantages.
Sardinian and Polish assistance to the Russians was ineffective in the long run.

107. 53. What tsar began the process of reform in the 19th century?
Alexander I
Alexander II
Nicholas I
Peter the Great
Nicholas II

108. 53. What tsar began the process of reform in the 19th century?
Alexander I
Alexander II
Nicholas I
Peter the Great
Nicholas II

109. 54. The Russian minister of finance from 1892 to 1903 responsible for much economic modernization was
Stolypin.
Count Witte.
Klemenz von Metternich.
Gregor Mendel.
General Kuropatkin.

110. 54. The Russian minister of finance from 1892 to 1903 responsible for much economic modernization was
Stolypin.
Count Witte.
Klemenz von Metternich.
Gregor Mendel.
General Kuropatkin.

111. 55. All of the following were part of the rising tide of unrest in Russia during the second half of the 19th century EXCEPT
the Orthodox church.
ethnic minorities.
peasants.
the intelligentsia.
the industrial workers.

112. 55. All of the following were part of the rising tide of unrest in Russia during the second half of the 19th century EXCEPT
the Orthodox church.
ethnic minorities.
peasants.
the intelligentsia.
the industrial workers.

113. 56. Failure in what war led to the Russian Revolution of 1905?
Crimean
Sino-Japanese
Russo-Japanese
World War I
Russo-Turkish

114. 56. Failure in what war led to the Russian Revolution of 1905?
Crimean
Sino-Japanese
Russo-Japanese
World War I
Russo-Turkish

115. 57. The Duma was
the confrontation between radical workers and the tsarist army in 1905.
a system of collective farms for peasants introduced following 1905.
a national parliament created in the aftermath of the 1905 revolution.
the imperial council that took over government after the abdication of the tsar in 1905.
the Russian national labor union created after the Revolution of 1905.

116. 57. The Duma was
the confrontation between radical workers and the tsarist army in 1905.
a system of collective farms for peasants introduced following 1905.
a national parliament created in the aftermath of the 1905 revolution.
the imperial council that took over government after the abdication of the tsar in 1905.
the Russian national labor union created after the Revolution of 1905.

117. 58. Who was responsible for the forced opening of Japan in 1853?
Captain James Cook
Commodore Matthew Perry
Admiral Horatio Nelson
Captain William Farragut
Commodore George Perry

118. 58. Who was responsible for the forced opening of Japan in 1853?
Captain James Cook
Commodore Matthew Perry
Admiral Horatio Nelson
Captain William Farragut
Commodore George Perry

119. 59. Huge industrial combines put together in Japan by the 1890s were called
haiku.
terakoya.
zaibatsus
khitan.
zemstvoes.

120. 59. Huge industrial combines put together in Japan by the 1890s were called
haiku.
terakoya.
zaibatsus
khitan.
zemstvoes.

121. 60. Which of the following was NOT a sign of significant social stress in industrialized Japan?
Disputes between generations over Westernization
The increasing freedom and political influence of women
Growth of nationalism
Growth of urban slums
Racial unrest

122. 60. Which of the following was NOT a sign of significant social stress in industrialized Japan?
Disputes between generations over Westernization
The increasing freedom and political influence of women
Growth of nationalism
Growth of urban slums
Racial unrest