1. Leçon 10
Pages

2. So far, we have learned how to conjugate 2 irregular verbs:
Let’s learn another IRREGULAR Verb!
remember, these verbs do not follow a pattern, you just have to memorize them…
faire = to do OR to make
Être – to be
Je fais
Nous faisons
Tu fais
Vous faites
Il/ elle fait
Ils/Elles
font
Je suis
Nous sommes
Tu es
Vous êtes
Il/ Elle
est
Ils/Elles
sont

3. avoir = to have J’ Nous Tu Vous Il Elle Ils/Elles ai avons as avez a
NOTES
avoir = to have J’
Nous Tu
Vous Il
Elle
Ils/Elles ai
avons as
avez a
ont

4. This should look a little familiar. Remember:
NOTES
This should look a little familiar. Remember:
J’ai quinze ans. (I am 15 years old.)*
J’ai faim (I am hungry.)*
Tu as soif? (You are thirsty?)*
Quel âge a ton père?
(How old is your dad)*
*Note that in English we say “I am 15 years old.” In French and Spanish, speakers would say “I have 15 years” or “I have hunger”.

5. On your own paper – to turn in for a grade. You have 5 minutes
On your own paper – to turn in for a grade! You have 5 minutes. (pg 152 in book)
Tu as une raquette.
2. Il a un baladeur.
3. J’ai une télé.
4. Vous avez un portable.
5. Nous avons un baladeur.
6. Vous avez un ordinateur.
7. Elles ont une raquette.
8. Ils ont un ordinateur.

6. On your own paper – to turn in for a grade. You have 5 minutes
On your own paper – to turn in for a grade! You have 5 minutes. (pg 152 in book)
Translate the following sentences from French to English. Remember good translating…
Elle a vingt-deux ans.
Marc a soif.
J’ai un portable.
Tu as un frère.
Vous avez un chien.
Nous avons faim!
She is 22 years old
2. Marc is thristy.
3. I have a cell phone.
4. You have a brother.
5. You (or y’all) have a dog.
6. We are hungry.

7. Some grammar:
NOUN: a word that is a person, place, thing or idea (HINT: if you can put the word MY in front of it, it is a noun)
In French, nouns have a gender. They are either masculine or feminine.
You might remember this when we learned café vocabulary:
Un sandwich une pizza
Un café une limonade

8. More about nouns:
Nouns that designate a male are almost always masculine. Un garçon un ami
Nouns that designate a female are almost always feminine. Une fille une amie
EXCEPTIONS:
une personne is always feminine even if you are referring to a male.
Un professeur is always masculine even if you are referring to a female.
Nouns that designate animals, objects and things – there is no way to determine - you must memorize if they are masculine or feminine. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE REST OF FRENCH GRAMMAR – so learn it as you go.
Add these exceptions to your notes

9. Articles
In French, nouns are introduced by articles that match their gender (masc/fem).
Some examples of articles are:
indefinite article:
A in English (a cat, a mouse, a boat, a girl)
Un or une in French (un chat, une fille)
Definite article (more specific):
The in English (the cat, the mouse, the boat, the girl)
Le, la, l’ in French (le chat, la fille, l’heure)
L’ is for both masculine and feminine nouns that start with a vowel

10. NOTES
More simply:
A boy a girl
the boy the girl

11. Vocabulary review: A cell phone Un portable The radio La radio A car
the pen
A pencil
The guitar
The poster
Un portable
La radio
Une voiture
le stylo
Un crayon
La guitare
L’affiche

12. NOTES
Pronouns:
Nouns can be replaced with pronouns( he, she, it, they, etc...). He
The boy pets the dog. It
The pen is blue. It
The car does not work well.
In French, the gender of the pronoun must match the gender of the noun.
if referring to a masculine object It = Il
if referring to a feminine object It = Elle
Le garçon caresse le chien. Il Il
Le stylo est bleu.
La voiture ne marche pas bien.
Elle

13. On your own paper – to turn in for a grade. You have 8 minutes
On your own paper – to turn in for a grade! You have 8 minutes.(pg 154 in book)
On your paper, write where each object is located BUT DO NOT use the items name; use a pronoun for it instead.
Example: Baladeur (remember it is un baladeur)
You would write:
1. Il est sur la table.
Il est sur la table.
5. Elle est sous la table
6. Il est sous la table.
2. Il est sur la table.
7. Elle est sous la table.
3. Elle est sur la table.
8. Elle est sous la table.
4. Elle est sous la table.

14. So far we have learned how to talk about ONE of an object
The book
A book
Le livre
Un livre
Now, we’ll learn how to use plurals – or MORE THAN ONE of an object…

15. Let’s make some observations
Things we noticed:
There is an “s” added to the end of the nouns (livre livres AND fille  filles)
Hmmm. This is just like in English.
BOTH le and la become les when plural (talking about more than one).
I wonder about l’ ?
L’affiche  les affiches

16. NOTES for plural “THE”:
Le  les
La  les
L’  les
-- Add and “s” to the end of the object, too!

17. Vocabulary review: Le portable La radio La voiture le stylo Le crayon
La guitare
L’affiche
Les portables
Les radios
Les voitures
Les stylos
Les crayons
Les guitares
Les affiches

18. Let’s make some observations
Things we noticed:
There is an “s” added to the end of the nouns (sac sacs AND copine  copines)
Hmmm. This is just like in English. (and just like le AND la)
BOTH un and une become des when plural (talking about more than one).
I wonder what “des” translates as in English
Des is like saying “some” in English
Voici des sacs. =
Here are some bags.

19. NOTES for plural “A”: un  des une  des “des” means “some” in English
-- Add and “s” to the end of the object, too!

20. Be CaReFuL!!! UNLESS…. Do not pronounce the “s” at the end of
Les <lay>
Des <day>
Or the object (filles <fee yuh>)
UNLESS….
The object begins with a vowel, then we have the liason where the “s” sounds like a “z”.
Vowels = a, e, i, o, u, h

21. On your own paper – to turn in for a grade. You have 5 minutes
On your own paper – to turn in for a grade! You have 5 minutes.(pg 155 in book)

22. It couldn’t be that easy… right?
Unfortunately, you are right.
There are some RULE BREAKERS (exceptions)

23. Remember the bullies “ne” and “pas”?
NOTES
Remember the bullies “ne” and “pas”?
You will rarely see un, une, or des next to “ne…pas”
They become de instead
de becomes d’ in front of a vowel
Alice a un ordinateur.
Paul n’a pas d’ordinateur.
Je n’ai pas de livres sur mon bureau.
J’ai des livres dans mon sac.
This rule does not apply when using Être 
Phillipe est un voisin Éric n’est pas un voisin.

24. Again with “ne…pas” Il y a n’ pas
NOTES
Again with “ne…pas”
Il y a = there is/ there are (literally “it has there”)
The verb is a (has). Normally “ne…pas” goes around the verb
BUT to make “il y a” negative 
Il y a
n’ pas
Est-ce qu’il y a un stylo? Non, il n’y a pas de stylo.

25. On your own paper, let’s practice using negation. (pg 156 in book)
Non, je n’ai pas d’appareil-photo.
2. Non, je n’ai pas de moto.
3. Non, je n’ai pas de mobylette.
4. Non, je n’ai pas de clarinette.
5. Non, je n’ai pas de jeux vidéo.
6. Non, je n’ai pas d’affiches.
7. Non, je n’ai pas de boa.
8. Non, je n’ai pas d’alligator.
9. Non, je n’ai pas de hamsters.
10. Non, je n’ai pas de portable.

26. NOTES
A few random notes: