2. Why do diet deficiencies occur?

3. Why do diet deficiencies occur?

4. Major Diet-Deficiency Diseases Common in ELDC’s
Type
Disease
Symptoms
Distribution
Treatment
Protein
deficiency
Kwashiorkor
Retarded growth, apathy and swollen stomach, skin rashes. Deadly if untreated.
Africa, S.E Asia
High-Protein fluids, well balanced diet.
Marasmus
Severe starvation in combination with lack of proteins. Wasting of tissue.
Breast-milk, cereals, fats, oils;immediate treatment.
Vitamin
Beri-beri
Vitamin B deficiency, wasting of limbs, nervous disorders, skin sores, heart failure.
S.E Asia
Vitamin B-rich foods, well-balanced diet.
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency, bone deformity of legs, pelvis and spine.
Diet of calcium-rich food and vitamin D.

7. Kwashiorkor Clinical Manifestations: Diagnostic Signs Edema
Muscle wasting
Psychomotor changes
Common Signs
Hair changes
Diffuse depigmentation of skin
Moonface
Anemia
Occasional Signs:
Flaky-paint rash
Noma
Hepatomegaly
Associated
Laboratory:
Decreased serum albumin
EEG abnormalities
Iron & folic acid deficiencies
Liver biopsy fatty or fibrosis may occur

8. What are the symptoms? Swollen stomach Reddish discolouration of hair
Miserable appearance with ‘moonface’
Pigmentation loss in skin
Retarded growth
Loss of muscle mass

9. Kwashiorkor Between 1-3 yrs old Cause/origin: Very low protein
In places where starchy foods are main staple
Never exclusively dietary*
*an added aspect that is attributed to the advance of kwashiorkor is aflatoxin poisoning.  Aflatoxins are produced by certain molds, and are ingested in connection with moldy foods.  They can injure the liver DNA and consequently interfere with the manufacture of serum albumin. 

10. Kwashiorkor

11. Where does kwashiorkor occur?
EMDCs
ELDCs
ELDCs
Africa, e.g. Sudan, Ethiopia and Mozambique
S.E Asia

12. What is Kwashiorkor?
Condition resulting from inadequate protein/food intake
It occurs in children that have been weaned as diet is replaced by a diet of starches/carbohydrates
It occurs most commonly in areas of famine, limited food supply, and low levels of education, which can lead to inadequate knowledge of proper diet
It is a result of extreme poverty!

13. What are the treatments?
Adequate diet – with carbohydrate, fat (10% of total calories), and protein (12 percent of total calories) will prevent kwashiorkor

15. How can it be controlled?
Improve food supply
Develop new crops
Improve technology
Educate people on balanced diets

16. Who helps to combat the disease?
International organisations and aid agencies
WHO
Oxfam
Save the Children Fund

17. Save the Children Fund In Ethiopia they have provided food aid
Organised relief flights to get food to the areas with the greatest need
Set up education programmes for villagers to encourage them to grow vitamin rich foods to supplement a staple diet of maize