1. 8th Grade Review
Part One

2. separation of powers political equality
natural rights
separation of powers
political equality
The teachings of Enlightenment thinking listed above provided the basis for the
A. establishment of democratic government
B. teaching of the Protestant Reformation
C. calling of the crusades
D. development of feudalism

3. Incorrect
Hint: America’s “Founding Fathers” used these ideas when creating the foundation for their new country
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4. You are correct!
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5. What were both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights Designed to do?
A. Limit the power of the monarch
B. Provide for the religious freedom
C. Accept the theory of divine right
D. Give commoners the right to vote

6. Incorrect
Hint: the Magna Carta protected a person’s life, liberty and property and established the idea of “limited government.
The English Bill of Rights stated that a person could not be taxed by the king without Parliament’s consent.
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7. You are correct!
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8. The Great Awakening of the mid-1700s affected the British colonies by
A. Decreasing the power and prestige of radical religious figures
B. Encouraging greater religious enthusiasm and political independence
C. Encouraging strict obedience and respect for governmental authorities.
D. Discouraging free will in spiritual and political matters

9. Incorrect
Hint: After the Great Awakening there was a growing belief that all people were equal before God and that people could challenge authority.
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10. You are correct!
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11. One goal of the Declaration of Independence was to
A. Establish a new monarchy for the independent states.
B. Convince the British Parliament to prevent the start of war
C. Explain why the colonists felt the need to be free from British rule
D. Outline an economic system to raise money for the revolution

12. Incorrect
Hint: The Declaration of Independence included a list of grievances against the King of England.
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13. You are correct!
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14. In designing the legislative branch, the writers of the Constitution mainly based their ideas on the
A. French Estates General
B. Congress of Vienna
C. Council of Trent
D. English Parliament

15. Incorrect
Hint: America may not have wanted to be ruled by this country, but they did not dislike all of their ideas about government.
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16. You are correct!
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17. The Mayflower Compact (1620) was significant in the political development of the American colonies because it introduced the principle of:
A. Self-government
B. Separation of powers
C. Freedom of expression
D. Federalism

18. Incorrect
Hint: With the Mayflower Compact as its guide, the people of Plymouth were able to govern themselves with very little outside interference for about 70 years.
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19. You are correct!
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20. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
- 10th Amendment
The Tenth Amendment was added to the Constitution to resolve which of the following topics of debates surrounding the development of the Constitution?
A. Division of powers among branches of government
B. The annexation of new lands into the country
C. Balance between national and state government power
D. The representation of state in the legislative houses

21. Incorrect
Hint: The 10th Amendment limits the power of the national government.
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22. You are correct!
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23. Which of these Founders favored a strong national government and a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution?
A. George Mason
B. Patrick Henry
C. Roger Williams
D. Alexander Hamilton

24. Incorrect
Hint: This person was the first Secretary of the Treasury and supported the creation of a bank.
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25. You are correct!
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26. Which of the parts of the United States Constitution contains fundamental liberties of American citizens?
A. Preamble
B. Article I, Section 8 – Enumerated Powers
C. Article III – Judicial Branch
D. Amendments 1-10 – Bill of Rights

27. Incorrect
Hint: This part of the Constitution was added later, to calm the fears of those who distrusted a strong national government.
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28. You are correct!
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29. Which of these is a constitutional “check” that the executive has to “balance” the power of the legislature in the United States government?
A. Dismiss Congress when it acts illegally
B. Veto acts passed by Congress
C. Overturn decisions made by courts
D. Appoint representatives and senators

30. Incorrect
Hint: The president can do this when he disagrees with the decisions of the legislative branch.
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31. You are correct!
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32. Which of these groups most likely supported the political ideas and policies of Alexander Hamilton?
A. Small farmers
B. Tobacco planters
C. Business owners
D. Frontier settlers

33. Incorrect
Hint: Hamilton favored the expansion of manufacturing and he proposed a tariff to help support American-made goods.
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34. You are correct!
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35. Thomas Jefferson and followers opposed Alexander Hamilton’s tariff policy in part because they believed that high tariffs would cause problems for
A. Rich bankers
B. Small farmers
C. Big city merchants
D. Owners of small factories

36. Incorrect
Hint: These people were worried that the tariffs would make goods too expensive to purchase.
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37. You are correct!
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38. Shays’ Rebellion of 1786 resulted in increased support for:
A. Creating a U.S. Bill of Rights
B. Revising the Articles of Confederation
C. Writing the Declaration of Independence
D. Approving the Missouri Compromise

39. Incorrect
Hint: Shays’ Rebellion illustrated the weaknesses of American’s early government. It was time to go back to the drawing board.
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40. You are correct!
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41. Which of the following acquisitions secured control of North America’s longest river, added substantially to the Native American, Spanish and French population of the country, and essentially doubled the size of the United States?
A. Purchase of Alaska
B. Gadsden Purchase
C. Louisiana Purchase
D. Purchase of Florida

42. Incorrect
Hint: Lewis and Clark explored the new territory purchased during Jefferson’s presidency
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43. You are correct!
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44. Which president was responsible for the territorial acquisition indicated by the darker shaded area on the map above?
A. George Washington
C. Thomas Jefferson
B. John Adams
D. James Madison

45. Incorrect Hint: The land was purchased by our 3rd president.
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46. You are correct!
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47. In his Farewell Address, George Washington urged the American people to
A. Limit a president to two terms in office
B. Value and maintain a sense of national unity
C. Create a defensive alliance with European countries
D. Establish more effective political parties

48. Incorrect
Hint: Washington’s Farewell Address centered around several themes including the problems that come with political factions and foreign alliances. He wanted to give the country direction for the coming years.
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49. You are correct!
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50. What is one reason for the dramatic decreases in exports in 1807 and from 1810 to 1812?
A. A decline in industrial output
B. Competition from French merchants
C. Military and economic conflicts with Great Britain
D. An increase in production and transportation costs.

51. Incorrect
Hint: The Treaty of Paris required that they recognize our independence in 1783, but it took much longer for them to see us as equals.
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52. You are correct!
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53. Conflict with Mexico became likely following the granting of statehood to
A. Texas
B. Missouri
C. Arizona
D. Louisiana

54. Incorrect
Hint: Remember the Alamo!
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55. You are correct!
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56. What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?
A. To open Canada to American settlers
B. To prevent European expansion in the Americas
C. To acquire Florida for the United States
D. To end the United States’ alliance with Great Britain

57. Incorrect
Hint: Some saw the Monroe Doctrine as America’s attempt to act as a police officer for the world.
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58. You are correct!
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59. Which statement best describes the location of factories in New England during the early 1800s?
A. They needed to be close to coal deposits.
B. They were located next to rivers
C. They were located in isolated areas
D. They needed to be close to railroad

60. Incorrect
Hint: Factories were located near these because they supplied the power needed to run the factories, plus they provided a way to transport goods.
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61. You are correct!
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62. The timeline above represents development in the production of
A. oil
B. glassware
C. steel
D. textiles

63. Incorrect Hint: The spinning wheel is crucial to this industry.
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64. You are correct!
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65. You have finished Part One of the review, please continue to Part Two.
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