1. CONTENTS 14-1 Noun clauses: introduction
Noun clauses that begin with a question word
Noun clauses with who, what, whose + be
Noun clauses that begin with if or whether
Noun clauses that begin with that
Other uses of that-clauses
Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational ...
Quoted speech
Quoted speech vs. reported speech
14-10 Verb forms in quoted speech
14-11 Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply

2. I wonder where my mother is.
14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
I wonder where my mother is.

3. phrase clause s v o (a) We know her parents. group of related words
14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
s v o
(a) We know her parents.
(noun phrase)
group of related words
phrase
no subject & verb
s v o
(b) We know where her parents live.
(noun clause)
group of related words
clause
has a subject & verb

4. (c) We know where her parents live.
14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION o
s v
s v
(c) We know where her parents live.
(noun clause)
has
noun clause subject + verb

5. (d) We know where her parents live.
14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
(d) We know where her parents live.
(noun clause)
(e) I wonder if they will visit us.
(noun clause)
(f) I think that they will try to come soon.
(noun clause)
question word
noun clauses
can begin with
if or whether
that

6. Hi. Nice to see you again. I remember your name. noun _______ phrase
14-1 LET’S PRACTICE
Hi. Nice to see
you again. I
remember
your name.
phrase
clause
noun _______
phrase

7. Hi. I remember when we met. noun _______ clause phrase clause
14-1 LET’S PRACTICE
Hi. I remember
when we met.
phrase
clause
noun _______
clause

8. I wonder what he is thinking about.
14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
I wonder what he is thinking about.

9. usual word order noun clause
14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
INFORMATION QUESTION
NOUN CLAUSE
Where does she work ?
(b) I wonder where she works.
(c) When did he call?
(d) Do you know when he called?
(e) What did they do?
(f) Please tell me what they did.
(g) Why is she sad?
(h) I don’t know why she is sad.
INCORRECT: I don’t know why is she sad.
usual word order noun clause

10. (j) I wonder who wants to go. S (k) What’s going on?
14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
INFORMATION
QUESTION
NOUN CLAUSE S
(i) Who wants to go?
(j) I wonder who wants to go. S
(k) What’s going on?
(l) Tell me what’s going on.
when a question
word is the subject
no change in
word order

11. ? noun clause question where the bridge was built OR
14-2 LET’S PRACTICE ?
noun clause
question OR
where the bridge was built

12. ? noun clause question who built the bridge noun clause:
14-2 LET’S PRACTICE ?
noun clause
question OR
who built the bridge
noun clause:
I know who built the bridge.
Who built the bridge?
question:

13. 14-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT, WHOSE + BE
Whose suitcase is this?

14. 14-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT, WHOSE + BE
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE v s s v
(a) Who is that actor ? (b) Tell me who that actor is. v s s v
(c) Whose dog is this ? (d) Tell me whose dog this is.
noun or
pronoun
main verb be
main verb be
noun or
pronoun + +

15. + s v s v s v s v (e) Who is out there ? (f) Tell me who is out there.
14-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT, WHOSE + BE
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE s v s v
(e) Who is out there ? (f) Tell me who is out there. s v s v
(g) Whose dog is in here? (h) Tell me whose dog is
in here.
Same bracket issue as last slide
prepositional
phrase
main verb be +

16. Please tell me ____________. who’s calling
14-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Who’s calling?
Please tell me ____________.
who’s calling

17. I wonder _________________. whose house that is
14-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Whose house is that?
I wonder _________________.
whose house that is

18. Who will join us for a picnic? I don’t know _______________________.
14-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Who will join us for a picnic?
I don’t know _______________________.
who will join us for a picnic

19. I don’t know if Geneva is the capital of Switzerland or not.
14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
I don’t know if Geneva is the capital of Switzerland or not.

20. yes/no questions noun clause if introduces the clause
14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
YES/NO QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
(a) Is Alice friendly? (b) I wonder if Alice is friendly.
(c) Does Al dance? (d) Do you know if Al dances?
(e) Did class end early? (f) I wonder if class ended early.
yes/no questions noun clause
if introduces the clause

21. if + clause + or not (g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
(g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
if + clause + or not

22. if = whether (g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
(g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
(h) I don’t know whether class ended early or not.
if = whether

23. Is that a good restaurant?
14-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Is that a good restaurant?
NOUN CLAUSE:
Do you know _______________________
if that is a good restaurant?

24. Will we go to the Gaudi Museum again?
14-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Will we go to the Gaudi Museum again?
NOUN CLAUSE:
Do you know _______________________
if we will go to the Gaudi
______________
Museum again?

25. Will your friend pass his exam?
14-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Will your friend pass his exam?
NOUN CLAUSE:
I wonder __________________
if your friend will pass
___________
his exam.

26. out that my friend was ill.
14-5 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
I was sad when I found
out that my friend was ill.

27. (a) I know that you are a good friend.
14-5 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT s v o
(a) I know that you are a good friend.
(b) She hopes that she can go to college.
(c) Jane heard that the exam is difficult.
(d) We discovered that our house was robbed.
that-clause object of verb
mental activity

28. that (e) I know that you are a good friend.
14-5 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
(e) I know that you are a good friend.
(f) I know Ø you are a good friend.
same
meaning
that
often omitted
especially in speaking

29. ? I hope that you can come to dinner tomorrow. CORRECT OR INCORRECT
14-5 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT OR
INCORRECT
I hope that you can come to dinner tomorrow.

30. ? I hope you can come to dinner tomorrow. CORRECT OR INCORRECT
14-5 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT OR
INCORRECT
I hope you can come to dinner tomorrow.

31. She was disappointed that she failed the test.
14-6 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
She was disappointed that she failed the test.

32. + that-clause (a) I’m certain that you will like this class.
14-6 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
(a) I’m certain that you will like this class.
(b) I’m happy that you joined us.
(c) You are fortunate that the weather was good.
(d) She was surprised that he proposed.
certain expressions:
be + adjective OR
be + past participle +
that-clause

33. + = (e) It is true that cancer is a serious disease.
14-6 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
(e) It is true that cancer is a serious disease.
(f) It is a fact that cancer is a serious disease.
It is true…
It is a fact…
two common
expressions +
that-clause =

34. ? CORRECT or INCORRECT I think that you should ask the teacher.
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT or
INCORRECT
I think that you should ask the teacher.

35. I think that you should ask the teacher.
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
INCORRECT
I think that you should ask the teacher.

36. ? CORRECT or INCORRECT I think you should ask that the teacher.
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT or
INCORRECT
I think you should ask that the teacher.

37. I think you should ask that the teacher.
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
INCORRECT
I think you should ask that the teacher.

38. ? CORRECT or INCORRECT It is true the Euro is the currency of the EU.
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT or
INCORRECT
It is true the Euro is the currency of the EU.

39. It is true the Euro is the currency of the EU.
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
INCORRECT
It is true the Euro is the currency of the EU.

40. Do you think this is a good solution?
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
Do you think this is a good solution?
I think so.

41. (a) Should we do this test again? I think so.
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(a) Should we do this test again?
I think so.
so = that we
should do the
test again

42. (b) Do you think you can learn this new dance?
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(b) Do you think you can learn this new dance?
I believe so.
so = that I can
learn the dance

43. (c) Do you really think you can learn this new dance?
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(c) Do you really think you can learn this new dance?
I hope so.
so = that I can
learn the dance

44. (c) Do you really think you can learn this new dance?
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(c) Do you really think you can learn this new dance?
I hope so.
INCORRECT:
I hope so that you can learn it.

45. (d) Should we do this test a I don’t think so. / third time?
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(d) Should we
do this test a
third time?
I don’t think so. /
I don’t believe so.
negative
usage
do not think so
do not believe so

46. (e) Do you I hope not. think Jay will get fired?
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(e) Do you
think Jay will
get fired?
I hope not.
negative hope hope not

47. common conversational
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(f) Do you
think Jay should
get fired?
I’m not sure. I guess so.
common conversational
responses
I guess so. I guess not.
I suppose so. I suppose not.

48. restate using a that-clause
14-7 LET’S PRACTICE
restate using
a that-clause
I wonder if the
tourists will leave soon. I hope so.
I hope ________
______________
that the
tourists will leave soon.

49. restate using a that-clause
14-7 LET’S PRACTICE
Do you think
we have time
to play again?
restate using
a that-clause
I don’t
believe so.
I don’t think _____
_______________
that
we have time to play again.

50. restate using a that-clause
14-7 LET’S PRACTICE
Do you think
we will be in
this line all day?
restate using
a that-clause
I hope not.
I hope ________
______________
that we
I hope not.
won’t be in this
line all day.

51. I think this a good solution.
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
I think this a good solution.
I agree.

52. I think this a good solution.
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(a) SPEAKERS’ EXACT WORDS
I think this a good solution.
I agree.

53. Jill said, “I think this is a good solution.” Jack said, “I agree.”
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(b) QUOTING THE SPEAKERS’ WORDS
Jill said, “I think this is a good solution.”
Jack said, “I agree.”

54. , . “ “ (c) HOW TO WRITE QUOTATIONS 1. Add a comma after said.
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(c) HOW TO WRITE QUOTATIONS
1. Add a comma after said. ,
Jill said
2. Add quotation marks. “
Jill said,
3. Capitalize the first word of the quotation.
Jill said, “
Let’s
let’s
4. Write the quotation. Add a final period.
Jill said, “Let’s start working .
5. Add quotation marks after the period. “
Jill said, “Let’s start working.

55. “ “ “ “ “ “ (d) Joshua said, I would like to go. Can
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(d) Joshua said, I would like to go. Can
we leave in an hour? “ “
quotation marks around entire quote
(e) INCORRECT: “
Joshua said, I would like “ “
to go. Can we leave in an hour? “

56. , ? (f) “I would like to go,” said Joshua. end of quoted sentence
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(f) “I would like to go,” said Joshua. ,
end of quoted sentence
(g) “Are you ready to go?” said Andrea. ?
end of quoted question

57. “You should ask the teacher said Erica.
14-8 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT or
INCORRECT
“You should ask the teacher said Erica. ,” ”,

58. “Will you do that she asked.
14-8 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT or
INCORRECT
“Will you do that she asked. ?” ”,

59. Erica said, “Maybe I can help you.
14-8 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT or
INCORRECT
Erica said, “Maybe I can help you.
I’d be happy to try.”

60. He said, “This is serious.” She said, “I hope not.”
14-9 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
He said, “This is serious.”
She said, “I hope not.”

61. (a) Laurette said, “I want to watch a movie.”
14-9 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
QUOTED SPEECH:
(a) Laurette said, “I want to watch a movie.”
(b) LeRoy said, “I want to watch sports.”
quoted speech = exact words in quotes

62. = (c) Laurette said (that) she wants to watch a movie.
14-9 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH:
(c) Laurette said (that) she wants to watch
a movie.
(d) LeRoy said (that) he would rather watch
sports.
basic idea of
the speaker’s
words
Reported speech =

63. Nazan said, “I wish this class were longer.”
14-9 LET’S PRACTICE
QUOTED SPEECH:
Nazan said, “I wish this class were longer.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Nazan said ____ he _______ this class were
longer.
that
wished

64. Su Jin said, “We should study together.”
14-9 LET’S PRACTICE
QUOTED SPEECH:
Su Jin said, “We should study together.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Su Jin said ____ we should _____ together.
that
study

65. Atabe said, “You should visit my village.”
14-9 LET’S PRACTICE
QUOTED SPEECH:
Atabe said, “You should visit my village.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Atabe said ____ we should visit ___ village.
that
his

66. Ben said he was angry. “I’m angry.” QUOTED: REPORTED:
14-10 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
QUOTED:
REPORTED:
Ben said he was angry.
“I’m angry.”

67. Mary said, “I enjoy yoga.” Mary said that she enjoyed yoga.
14-10 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
QUOTED:
Mary said, “I enjoy yoga.”
(b) REPORTED:
Mary said that she enjoyed yoga.
(c) QUOTED:
David said, “I love tennis.”
(d) REPORTED:
David said that he loved tennis.
FORMAL ENGLISH
reporting verb
in past
noun clause verb
in past
often

68. She said she is shocked. I’m shocked. (e) What did Janel say? Janel
14-10 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
She said she is shocked.
I’m shocked.
(e) What did
Janel say?
Janel

69. (e) QUOTED: Janel said, “I am shocked.”
14-10 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(e) QUOTED: Janel said, “I am shocked.”
REPORTED: Janel said she is shocked.
INFORMAL ENGLISH
reporting verb
in past
no change in
noun clause verb
sometimes

70. (f) What did Janel tell you when you saw her last night?
14-10 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(f) What did Janel tell you when you saw her
last night?
REPORTED: Janel said she was shocked.
LATER REPORTING
reporting verb
in past
noun clause verb
in past

71. (g) Janel says (that) she is shocked.
14-10 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(g) Janel says (that) she is shocked.
reporting verb:
present tense
noun clause verb:
no change

72. They said _____________________ they loved being together.
14-10 LET’S PRACTICE
QUOTED SPEECH: “We love being together.”
REPORTED SPEECH (formal or later reporting):
They said _____________________
they loved being together.
REPORTED SPEECH (informal or immediate reporting):
They said _____________________
they love being together.

73. He said _________________________ he enjoys studying with her.
14-10 LET’S PRACTICE
QUOTED SPEECH: “I enjoy studying with you.”
REPORTED SPEECH (formal or later reporting):
He said _________________________
he enjoys studying with her.
REPORTED SPEECH (informal or immediate reporting):
He said _________________________
he enjoyed studying with her.

74. These plans tell us that we still have a lot of work to do.
14-11 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
These plans tell us that we still have a lot of work to do.

75. (a) Janel said that she was shocked.
14-11 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
(a) Janel said that she was shocked.
say =
reporting verb
say +
noun clause

76. (b) Janel told me that she was shocked.
14-11 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
(b) Janel told me that she was shocked.
(c) Janel told Amy that she was shocked.
tell
= reporting verb
tell
+ object + noun clause
INCORRECT: Janel told that she was shocked.
INCORRECT: Janel said me that she was shocked.

77. (d) QUOTED: Su Lin said (to me), “Are you sad?”
14-11 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
(d) QUOTED: Su Lin said (to me), “Are you sad?”
REPORTED: Su Lin asked (me) if I was sad.
(e) Su Lin wanted to know if I was sad.
Su Lin wondered if I was sad.
Su Lin inquired whether or not I was sad.
asked (said)
report questions
want to know
wonder
inquire
report questions

78. (f) QUOTED: Su Lin said (to me), “Are you sad?”
14-11 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
(f) QUOTED: Su Lin said (to me), “Are you sad?”
REPORTED: I answered/replied that I wasn’t sad.
answer, reply
report replies

79. Raj _____ that he might quit his job. said
14-11 LET’S PRACTICE
Raj _____ that he might quit
his job.
said
say
tell
ask

80. I don’t know why Raj _____ me that he was thinking of quitting
14-11 LET’S PRACTICE
I don’t know why Raj _____ me
that he was thinking of quitting
his job.
told
say
tell
ask

81. I don’t know why Raj ______ me if he should quit his job. asked
14-11 LET’S PRACTICE
I don’t know why Raj ______ me
if he should quit his job.
asked
say
tell
ask

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