1. Law of Contract
Linda & Fon

2. What is law?
It’s a set of rules and regulations governing relationship among
Individuals
Between individuals
Their society
One of the most important function of law in any society is to provide stability so that people can be sure of how to order their affairs.

3. What is contract?
It’s an agreement between 2 or more parties, to do or not to do from a particular thing in exchange for something of value.
It can be written, using formal or informal terms, or verbal.
* Terms of contract – “who, what, where, when, how of the agreement”
define binding promises of each party to contract.

4. It is a type of civil law that protects us against broken promises and tricksters

5. Essentials of a valid contract
Offer + Acceptance = Agreement
Intention to Create Legal Relations
Lawful consideration
Capacity of parties—competency
Free and genuine consent
Lawful object

6. Offer + Acceptance = Agreement
Rules of a valid offer:
Invitation to offer is not an offer.
Offer must be communicated
Special terms must be communicated in a special manner
Offer should not contain a term the non- compliance of which would amount to acceptance.
Rules of a valid acceptance:
Mental acceptance is ineffectual.
It must given within a reasonable time.
It must be expressed in the prescribed manner or
in some usual manner.
It must succeed the offer

7. Intention to Create Legal Relations
Parties must have intended to enter into a legally binding agreement.
Agreement between friends or family members are not intended to be legally binding unless the contract is one of the commercial type.
Selling a car to friends
Provide loan for relation.

8. Lawful consideration (The important of bargained exchange – “no consideration, no contract”)
Both parties must receive something of value.
a promise of doing something or getting something must be some advantages or benefit moving from one party to other.

9. Capacity of parties—competency
“Essential ingredient of a valid contract is that the contracting parties must be competent” --- Sec.10
Age of majority
Not mentally ill (Not crazy)
Not a prisoner
…etc

10. Free and genuine consent
‘Agreeing upon the same thing in the same sense’
Consent is said to be free when it not caused by:
coercion
undue influence
fraud
misrepresentation

11. Lawful object The object of the agreement:
The object of the agreement must be lawful.
The object of the agreement:
Illegal
Immoral
Opposed to public policy

12. Case study 1: Engagement ring, a gift or a contract?

13. In Pavlicic v. Vogtsberger, a couple was engaged
In Pavlicic v. Vogtsberger, a couple was engaged.  The man bought her house, two cars, and a diamond ring in anticipation of marriage.  He also lent her $5,000 to buy her own business.  The woman disappeared, only to resurface later having used the funds to buy a business in another city and marry another man.  The court ordered all of the gifts, including the engagement ring that the man had given to her, to be given back to him.   Pavlicic v. Vogtsberger, 136 A.2d 127, 130 (Penn. 1957).

14. Case study 2 What remedy may have?
Mai hires a woman to wax his legs, she waxes everything but his legs.
Hiring her for a service is a simple type of contract.
Her screwing up the service for whatever reason is a breach of contract
What remedy may have?

15. case study 3 The aggrieved party
He can sue for damages, because fraud is a civil wrong and hence compensation is payable.

16. References

17. Thank you