1. Western Frontier
Industry
Immigration
REVIEW GAME

2. What tactic enabled Samuel Gompers to develop the American Federation of Labor into the largest labor union in the United States?
Allowing women and minorities to join the union
Signing up low-wage, unskilled immigrant laborers
Lobbying Congress to pass laws limiting the activities of rival unions
Concentrating on higher wages and better working conditions

3. D. Concentrating on higher wages and better working conditions

4. What is considered the most significant outcome of the 1902 anthracite coal strike?
Reduced confidence in laissez faire capitalism
Growing public distrust of large government
Expansion of executive branch authority
Declining enrollment in labor unions

5. C. Expansion of executive branch authority

6. How did vertical integration benefit companies such as Carnegie Steel?
Allowing labor unions to participate in decision making led to fewer strikes
Controlling production and distribution processes increased efficiencies and profits.
Investing in the health and education of employees increased workforce motivation.
Including local politicians on boards of directors ensured a continuation of laissez faire policies.

7. B. Controlling production and distribution processes increased efficiencies and profits.

8. What technological development of the mid-19th century most revolutionized the U.S. steel industry?
Electrification
Vulcanization
Steam Power
Bessemer Process

9. D. Bessemer Process

10. How did businesses such as Sears, Roebuck and Co
How did businesses such as Sears, Roebuck and Co. transform the late 19th century economy?
They expanded the market for consumer goods
They applied new technologies in their stores
They advertised the services of new companies.
They employed sales associates in rural locations

11. They expanded the market for consumer goods

12. Which individual is most closely associated with an innovation that revolutionized an entire industry by accelerating production and dramatically reducing costs and the need for human labor?
Alexander Graham Bell
Henry Bessemer
Jules Verne
Thomas Alva Edison

13. B. Henry Bessemer

14. Which late 19th century invention had the greatest impact on literacy and the use of public libraries?
Braille
Typewriter
Light bulb
Computer

15. C. Light bulb

16. “Society advances where its fittest members are allowed to assert their fitness with the least hindrance.”
This idea advanced by Herbert Spencer would be fully embraced by a supporter of which ideology?
Anarchism
Marxism
Social Darwinism
Social Gospel

17. C. Social Darwinism

18. During the Progressive Era, which group immigrated to the United States for the first time?
Chinese
German
Irish
Japanese

19. C. Irish

20. The use of barbed wire is most directly associated with which outcome?
The completion of the Union Pacific Railroad
The end of the open range and frontier
Increased prospecting and mining activity
Increased demand and production of steel

21. B. The end of the open range and frontier

22. The success of Thomas Edison’s light bulb was dependent on which other Edison invention?
Electric generator
Internal combustion engine
Motion picture camera
Phonograph

23. Electric generator

24. A researcher seeking primary source material on the massacre of Wounding Knee would likely consider which of the following to be most authentic and authoritative evidence on the topic?
The highest ranked results of an online search
A letter describing an eyewitness account of the event
A public radio interview of a notable historian
The textbook for a high school U.S. history course

25. B. A letter describing an eyewitness account of the event

26. Which of the following factors had the greatest impact on the development of the United States industrial infrastructure in the late 19th century?
Revolutionary changes in steel production and the growth of railroads
The passage of the Homestead Act and the closing of the American frontier
Restraints on monopolistic business practices and the legalization of unions.
The ideas of Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Henry Lloyd

27. Revolutionary changes in steel production and the growth of railroads

28. Which summary of the massacre at Wounded Knee is most accurate?
It provided a rationale for the creation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
It fostered congressional dialogue that led to the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act
It represented the culmination of the U.S. government’s military operations against native peoples.
It prompted widespread public hostility toward the Sioux Indians.

29. C. It represented the culmination of the U. S
C. It represented the culmination of the U.S. government’s military operations against native peoples.

30. In this excerpt from the 1896 essay, architect Louis Sullivan describes certain conditions typical of growing urban centers of commerce and industry.
…the invention and perfection of the high-speed elevator make vertical travel, that was once tedious and painful, now easy and comfortable; development of steel manufactures has shown the way to safe, rigid, economical constructions rising to a great height…
Sullivan’s observation relates to which feature of most large, modern cities?
Airports
Malls
Skyscrapers
Suburbs

31. C. Skyscrapers

32. How did some late 19th century industrialists such as John D
How did some late 19th century industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller react to government restrictions on their businesses?
By developing independent councils to oversee their stock transactions.
By placing their companies under the control of boards of trustees.
By involving labor union leaders in workplace decisions.
By creating new political parties and personally running for political offices.

33. B. By placing their companies under the control of boards of trustees.

34. What factor most contributed to the Great Chicago Fire’s widespread destruction?
Firefighters’ inability to communicate with recent immigrants
The city’s limited water supply due to a drought
Theft of fire department funds by corrupt politicians
Extensive wood-frame construction in homes and businesses

35. Extensive wood- frame construction in homes and businesses

36. In which way did their protest at Chicago’s Haymarket Square affect the Knights of Labor?
The massive gathering of the union’s workers disrupted public services to such an extent that the federal government placed limits on the union’s activities.
Workers lost confidence in the union’s leadership after they discovered the union president had given details of their rally to the police.
Union members grew disillusioned as newpapers printed articles blaming workers for the violence that had occurred.
The union’s emphasis on recruiting immigrant laborers at the event angerd American born workers, who then joined the AFL.

37. C. Union members grew disillusioned as newspapers printed articles blaming workers for the violence that had occurred.

38. Early 20th century Progressive reformers were LEAST concerned with which problem?
Unsafe food processing methods
Unhealthy urban living conditions
Exploitation of children in the workplace
Deprivation of African Americans’ civil rights

39. D. Deprivation of African Americans’ civil rights

40. Which of the following factors was most significant in the development of labor unions during the 19th century?
Working conditions
Racial segregation
Class discrimination
Growing prosperity

41. Working conditions

42. Which historic situation is most comparable to the light bulb replacing oil lamps?
The railroad replacing the automobile
Electric engines replacing steam engines
Steel production replacing oil production
The telegraph replacing the telephone

43. B. Electric engines replacing steam engines

44. It created the possibility of home based businesses
In what significant way did the development of the incandescent light bulb improve 19th century urban conditions?
It created the possibility of home based businesses
It prompted more immigrants to remain in large cities.
It enabled passenger trains to operate at night
It replaced the dirty dangerous gaslight

45. D. It replaced the dirty dangerous gaslight

46. The construction of the Central Pacific Railroad relied largely on the labors of which immigrant group?
Chinese
German
Irish
Mexican

47. Chinese

48. In this excerpt from the 1896 essay, architect Louis Sullivan describes certain conditions typical of growing urban centers in the United States.
…continued growth of population in the great cities, consequent congestion of centres and rise in value of ground, stimulate an increase in number of stores; these, successfully piled one upon another, react on ground values…
Based on this description, which conclusion can a reader most reasonably draw about urban growth in the United States at that time?
The greatest population increases occurred in the industrial cities.
Rising property values in cities stimulated development.
The stories of immigrants revealed the hardship of living in the cities
Increasing congestion resulted in suburban growth.

49. B. Rising property values in cities stimulated development.

50. In this excerpt from the 1896 essay, architect Louis Sullivan describes certain conditions typical of growing urban centers of commerce and industry.
…the invention and perfection of the high-speed elevator make vertical travel, that was once tedious and painful, now easy and comfortable; development of steel manufactures has shown the way to safe, rigid, economical constructions rising to a great height…
Sullivan’s observation relates to which feature of most large, modern cities?
Airports
Malls
Skyscrapers
Suburbs

51. C. Skyscrapers

52. A condition in which a person or company cannot pay back debts.
A. Reform
B. Bankrupt
C. Stake
D. Gold Standard

53. B. Bankrupt

54. Which action represents a major change in U. S
Which action represents a major change in U.S. policy toward American Indians after the Civil War?
Relocation to distant territories
Apportionment of tribal property to private individuals
Peace negotiations with hostile tribes
Grants of conditional citizenship

55. B. Apportionment of tribal property to private individuals

56. Populism:
A. Backing dollars solely with gold
B. Organization that fought for farmer’s rights
C. A frontier home, usually dug into a hill or made from sod
D. Political movement that sought advancement for farmers and laborers.

57. D. Political movement that sought advancement for farmers and laborers.

58. Why did nativists worry about an influx of immigrants during the 1880’s?
They feared the immigrants would gain control of city and state governments and encourage even more immigration.
They believed the immigrants would receive preferential treatment from federal government and be given large tracts of land.
They thought the country’s ports could not handle the increasing number of immigrants as well as an increasing amount of exports.
They considered immigrants from southern and eastern Europe more difficult to assimilate into American culture than earlier immigrants.

59. D. They considered immigrants from southern and eastern Europe more difficult to assimilate into American culture than earlier immigrants.

60. Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the East Coast.
A. Ellis Island
B. Angel Island
C. Hawaii Island
D. Jane Island

61. A. Ellis Island

62. How did city bosses and their “machines retain control of city governments despite their reputations for greed and corruption?
By providing aid to citizens in exchange for political support
By developing alliances with state and federal officials
By using police forces to intimidate their political rivals
By establishing local militias to prevent outside interference

63. By providing aid to citizens in exchange for political support

64. Railroad that crosses the entire country
A. Transcontinental Railroad
B. Transfixed Railroad
C. Transam Railroad
D. Transformer Railroad

65. A. Transcontinental Railroad

66. During 1850-1900, which group was most adversely affected by the spread of mining boomtowns?
American Indians
Cattle ranchers
Eastern merchants
Immigrant Laborers

67. American Indians

68. Complete control over an industry
A. Merge
B. Monopoly
C. Robber Barron
D. Collective Bargaining

69. B. Monopoly

70. Which quotation was associated with the forced assimilation of American Indians at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School?
“We all wore white man’s clothes and ate white man’s food.”
“Our labor symbolized nothing, and left us mentally sluggish in the dusk of the evening”
“Humility and charity are the only credentials for admission.”
“It never enters our heads that we can offend anyone by the expression of love”

71. “We all wore white man’s clothes and ate white man’s food.”

72. Agreement that limited Japanese emigration to U.S.
A. Gentlemen’s Agreement
B. Chinese Exclusion Act
C. Japanese Exclusion Act
D. Collective Bargaining

73. A. Gentlemen’s Agreement

74. In the development of the steel industry, which of the following factors was LEAST significant?
The construction of railroads
The abundance of natural resources
The growth of cities and skyscrapers
The invention of the telephone and typewriter

75. D. The invention of the telephone and typewriter

76. Urbanization:
A. Program to teach American culture to immigrants
B. The growth of cities
C. Social reform that helped the poor
D. Illegal use of political influence for personal gain

77. B. The growth of cities

78. Which development contributed most to a growing demand for mass produced clothing during the late 1800s?
Widespread distribution of mail order catalogs
Improved working conditions for textile workers
Increased production of cotton and wool
Greater acceptance of synthetic fabrics

79. Widespread distribution of mail order catalogs

80. Act that offered free land to western settlers.
A. Homestead Act
B. Morrill Act
C. Farmer’s Alliance
D. Transcontinental

81. A. Homestead Act

82. As the ending point of most cattle drives and the home of legendary frontier figures Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, and Doc Holliday, what Kansas location is most often associated with the Wild West?
Dodge City
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

83. Dodge City

84. Merit system implemented for civil service hiring
A. Patronage
B. Emigration
C. Social Gospel Movement
D. Pendleton Civil Service Act

85. D. Pendleton Civil Service Act

86. The U.S. Cavalry’s buffalo soldiers shared what experience with most other African Americans of their time?
They earned respect for their skill and valor.
They were segregated because of their race
They were beneficiaries of affirmative action
They were not permitted to own property

87. B. They were segregated because of their race

89. D. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Tragedy

90. In their work with immigrants, settlement houses mailed addressed which need?
Occupational skills
Spiritual guidance
Affordable housing
Cultural adjustment

91. D. Cultural adjustment