1. History & Opportunities
Chapter 1
Pages 5-19

2. Inspirational thought for the day:
“A man is a success if he gets up in the morning and goes to bed at night, and in between does what he wants to do.”

3. Learning Motivation (Why?)
Becoming aware of the history of cosmetology will help us understand current trends and plan for success in the future. We must also understand what our own goals and objectives are in the field of cosmetology before we can put into place a plan of action for success.

4. What is a cosmetologist?
Divide into groups and brainstorm about all the qualities and skills you believe are required of a cosmetologist and what you have observed during your own visits to a salon.

5. A cosmetologist is… Advice giver
Professional expert in practical skills areas
Artistic
Designer
Creator
Trustworthy
Businessperson

6. A cosmetologist is…
Self-promoter
Poised and well-groomed
Effective communicator
Being current with trends and technologies

7. Are these people professional cosmetologists?

8. Could this person be a professional cosmetologist?

9. Which one would you want to give you a “make-over”?

10. Reaching Your Goals
YOU are responsible for your own learning. There are some “rules” you can follow to ensure your success from the very beginning of your enrollment.

11. Be prepared. (have all necessary materials ready) Listen attentively.
Rules For Success
Attend all classes.
Arrive for class early.
Be prepared. (have all necessary materials ready)
Listen attentively.

12. Rules for success cont.
Highlight important points.
Take notes (they will help you review later)
Take advantage of review sessions (Pay close attention when the teacher summarizes).
Ask questions (When something is not clear, ask, ask, ask until it is).

13. Rules for success cont.
Seek further education (never stop learning… it is lifelong. Read industry magazines; remain abreast of changes in the industry).
Like what you do (To enjoy the most out of your career, you should enjoy it to the fullest and not view it as drudgery. The field of cosmetology offers so much variety; make it fun, be committed to your success.

14. As we learn more about this new chosen profession, our goals will change and grow as will our action plan. Let’s take a look where this great industry began and what the future holds for you in your new career.

15. Early History
The field of cosmetology is recognized as one of the oldest professions in the world.

16. Cosmetology / Barbering
Derived from the Greek word “kosmetikos” which means “skilled in the use of cosmetics.” The term “barber” is derived from the Latin word “barba” which means “the beard” or “the hair of the beard.”

17. Archeological Studies
Reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as early as the glacial age.

18. Sharpened flints Oyster shells Bone Animal sinew Strips of hide
Implements
Sharpened flints
Oyster shells
Bone
Animal sinew
Strips of hide

19. Ancient Written Records
Indicate that barbers serviced the priesthood and nobility in Egypt over 6000 years ago. They were the first we know of to use cosmetics for beautification, religious ceremonies, and preparation of the deceased for burial.

20. Haircoloring
Color was made from berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and other materials. The color was used on the hair, skin and nails. We believe Henna was first used as hair dye in 1500B.C. Egyptian tombs reveal combs, brushes, mirrors, cosmetics and razors made of tempered bronze and copper.

21. Haircoloring cont.
Egyptian and Roman women temporarily waved their hair by applying a mixture of soil and water (mud) to the hair and wrapping it around crudely made wooden rollers to bake in the sun.

22. Greece – 500 B.C.
Hairstyling became a highly developed art.

23. Rome – 296 B.C. Noblewomen: red hair Middle-class: blonde hair
Hairstyling introduced; women used hair color to indicate class in society as follows:
Noblewomen: red hair
Middle-class: blonde hair
Poor women: black hair

24. Barbering And Medicine
In medieval times, cosmetology and medicine were taught as combined subjects in English universities. When Pope Alexander III forbad clergy to shed blood, barbers assisted monks and priest during surgery.

25. Barbering And Medicine
Bloodletting and surgery
Administered herbs
Pulled teeth – For more than a thousand years barbers were know as barber-surgeons.

26. Results from the bloodletting procedure.
The Barber Pole
Results from the bloodletting procedure.

27. Pole = the staff
Patients held a staff tightly in order for the veins in the arm to stand out.

28. Bottom = Basin
Basin was the vessel that caught the blood.

29. White bandages = stop blood
The bandages used to stop the bleeding were hung on the staff to dry. The stained bandages would twist around the pole forming the red/white candy-cane pattern. Another interpretation is that the red represented the blood, blue the veins, and white the bandages. Barbers still use the symbol today.

30. Fourteenth Century
Marked the transition in Western civilization from medieval times to modern history.

31. Renaissance
Emphasis was placed on physical appearance; hair was carefully dressed and ornaments and headdresses were worn.

32. 1450
Law passed that separated barbering and surgery except for dentistry.

33. 1541
Henry VIII reunited barbers and surgeons of London. It was short-lived because bloodletting became obsolete.

34. Late 1700s
Law passed officially separating barbers from surgeons; hairstyling emerged as an independent profession.

35. Nineteenth Century
An era marked by research and innovation; many changes in hair care.

36. 1875
Frenchman, Marcel Grateau, developing hot irons for waving and curling hair. Evolved into what we know today as marcel waving.

37. 1892
Frenchman, Alexandre F. Godefroy, invented a hot-blast hair dryer.

38. 1890
First hairdressing academy opening in Chicago by Frenchmen, Brisbois and Federmeyer.

39. Twentieth Century
Before the 20th century, hairstyling was typically limited to the upper class for social status, religious believes, political status, military rank, and simply fashion. Beginning in the 20th century, hairstyling began to follow trends and soon became available to all classes of people.

40. Madam C.J. Walker Daughter of former slaves
Began as washerwoman – earned $4 to $ 12 weekly as an uneducated washerwoman.
Born Sarah Breedlove in 1867 – she was orphaned at age seven, married by 14, mother at 17, widowed by age 20.

41. Madam C.J. Walker cont.
Began losing hair in 1890s – Which caused her to experiment with store bought products and homemade remedies.
1906 married C.J. Walker –Began selling a scalp conditioning and healing formula called “Madam Walker’s Wonderful Hair Grower.” Sold the product door to door.
1910 – Moved her company to Indianapolis; built a factory, hair salon and training school.

42. Madam C.J. Walker cont.
Devoted time to causes – such as NAACP and the YMCA in Indianapolis.
1917 – Organized a convention for Madam C.J. Walker Hair Culturists Union of America. It was one of the first national meetings for businesswomen ever held.
1998 – U.S. Postal Service issued the Madam C.J. Walker commemorative stamp, the 21st in the Black Heritage Series.

43. History of Permanent Waving
1905- Electric Machine
Charles Nessler invented the electric perm machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods that the hair was wrapped around. They were heated during the waving process; kept away from the scalp by a complex system of counterbalancing weights suspended from an overhead apparatus.

44. Electric Machine
Charles Nessler using his electric machine to produce a Nessler waved hairstyle.

45. Spiral wrapping
Long hair was wrapped from scalp to ends.

46. Croquignole wrapping
After WWI, women cut their hair and this method used an implement which wound the shorter hair from the ends to the scalp.

47. 1931- Preheat Method
Preheat method was developed where hair was wrapped croquignole style and then preheated clamps were clamped around the rods.

48. 1932- Machineless Perm
Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough developed a heat method using a chemical reaction. Small chemical pads using a chemical mixture were wound around hair strands. When pads were moistened with water, a chemical heat was released that created long-lasting curls.

49. 1941- Waving Lotion
Called the cold wave because no heat was used. This procedure virtually replaced all former methods. Cold waving and permanent waving became synonymous. Also called “texture service” today.

50. After 1950
In latter half of 20th century, the industry experienced unrivaled growth and expansion. Advancements in technology and innovative techniques in haircutting, chemical services, esthetics, and nail extensions have broadened the industry extensively.

51. Today
How are you affected by all this growth? All the new services and skills have transformed and expanded the role of cosmetologists, requiring us to know more than ever before and making continuing education or lifelong learning a necessity!

52. Career Opportunities
Work in pairs and share with each other what position you want to hold when you graduate and why.
Write it down on paper to turn in.
Do any of you have a career goal different than anything discussed?

53. Salon Stylist - Duties
Perform all services offered
Reception desk duties – includes meeting and greeting clients; answering phone; making appointment; calling clients to remind them of appointments; selling retail, etc.

54. Salon Stylist – Duties cont.
Retaining practical skills
Building clientele
Updating client record cards
Referrals to other specialists
Good customer relations
Good communication skills
Sanitation
Dependability

55. Haircolor Specialist
Selects and formulates color- and processes it to enhance client’s hair. Options as a haircolor specialists include:
Color trainer
Working for a color manufacturer
Platform artist demonstrating haircolor skills and products
Working as a color correction specialist

56. Haircolor Specialist cont.
Advanced classes required

57. Texture Service Specialist
Adding and removing curl
This is one of the most effective ways to give the client the look they really desire. Options in this area include working in product research and development as well as a platform artist demonstrating skills and products.

58. Wig or Extension Specialist
Create dramatic or subtle changes for clients
Braiding
Weaving
Bonding
Gluing
Sewing
Assisting cancer patients
Assisting men with hair loss

59. Good communications and flare for selling required.
Retail Specialist
Good communications and flare for selling required.

60. Retail Specialist
Handling and selling products – All professionals in our industry are called upon to sell products.
Handling merchandise/inventory
Representing manufacturers

61. Skin Care Specialist / Esthetician
Help perfect the look and health of skin
Work in spa
Give demonstrations
Consult – For a cosmetic or skin care company
Retail

62. Makeup Artist Apply cosmetics Image consultant
In salon or independently – If you freelance, you can create your own schedule.
Television or movies
Theater production
Sell retail

63. Nail Technician One of fastest-growing areas of the profession.
Manicures and pedicures
Nail extensions
Nail art
retail

64. Day Spa This provides the “one-stop-shopping” opportunity for clients.
Offer full salon services – Hair, skin, nails, body massage and wraps, hydrotherapy, etc.

65. Day Spa cont.
Specialize in select services
Health and beauty of the skin and body
Retail
Teamwork a must

66. Salon Manager Supervise employees Leadership skills needed
Trainer, counselor, coach
Personnel development
Purchasing, advertising, budgeting
Communication and people skills
May also perform services

67. Salon Owner
This role will require you to do everything a salon manager does plus be responsible for the bottom line of the establishment and also handle payroll, taxes, accounts payable, etc.

68. Product Educator
Good if you like travel, meeting people and sharing knowledge.

69. Product Educator cont.
Good communication skills
Good people skills
Dynamic image
Good public speaker
Product knowledge
Product demonstrations

70. Additional education required; internship recommended.
Cosmetic Chemist
Additional education required; internship recommended.

71. Research and experimentation For cosmetic manufacturer
Cosmetic Chemist cont.
Research and experimentation
For cosmetic manufacturer
Consult for several companies

72. Session Hairstylist
Does hair and makeup for models being photographed for magazines and books. You may work freelance or for a specific magazine.
Excellent styling and makeup skills required.

73. Stylist for movies, theater skills in all services required
Weekly TV shows
Specific network
Theater groups
Movie production firms
Freelance

74. Styles or Artistic Director
You will work with videographers, fashion magazines, publishers, product manufacturers, and education companies.

75. Styles or Artistic Director
Must meet deadlines
Work with a budget
Manage people
Have artistic and creative ability
Can forecast trends

76. Design Team Member
You will work with a stylist director to create presentations for fashion shows, runway work, convention luncheons, gala banquets or hair shows. They may include themes ranging from weddings to futuristic scenes or periods in history

77. Platform Artist
You will need to enjoy travel, performing for people, being on stage, and sharing your knowledge. You will probably work out of a salon during the week and travel to events on the weekends.

78. Excellent salon skills Good communication skills Good stage presence
Platform Artist cont.
Excellent salon skills
Good communication skills
Good stage presence

79. Competition Champion
If challenge and competition appeal to you, you may want to compete for prizes and prestige in the various cosmetology local, state, national and world championships.

80. Competition Champion cont.
Dedication, self-discipline
Good work habits
Excellent skills

81. Educator
Must have patience, good communication and people skills, as well as energy. Additional training may be required.

82. Educator cont.
For product manufacturer
Continuing education provider
Cosmetology school
Salon chain

83. Writer/Author
Your background and other writing skills may afford you the opportunity to write articles, books, brochures, columns, textbooks, and even video script. You may work for a publishing company or freelance. You may review books or serve as a technical consultant for a publishing company. Additional training may be required.

84. State Board Member
This is a great way to serve the industry and contribute positively to its growth and improvement.