1. TRIVIA
MACHINE

2. TRIVIA
ROUND 1
MACHINE

3. No! All organisms require energy!
Do all organisms require sunlight to carry out life processes? If not, what do all organisms require?
No! All organisms require energy!
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4. Can animals that eat only other animals and no plants still use carbs for energy?
You bet!
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5. What molecule is the source of energy for chemical reactions in cells?
ATP
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6. What is a biochemical pathway?
Series of linked reactions; products of one are used as reactants in the next
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7. NO… phosphate groups are all negatively charged and repel one another
Is ATP a stable molecule?
NO… phosphate groups are all negatively charged and repel one another
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8. What type of pigment is the major light-absorbing pigment in plants?
chlorophyll
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9. Heterotrophs – consume organic compounds; animals, fungi
Differentiate autotrophs and hetertrophs. Give an example of each.
Autotrophs – use sun/inorganic compounds to produce organic compounds; plants
Heterotrophs – consume organic compounds; animals, fungi
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10. It reflects green light
Why is chlorophyll green?
It reflects green light
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11. Almost all organisms depend on it directly or indirectly for energy.
Why is the sun considered the ultimate energy source for life on Earth?
Almost all organisms depend on it directly or indirectly for energy.
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12. What is the role of chlorophyll?
To absorb light
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13. Describe the structure of a chloroplast.
It’s surrounded by two membranes; has a system of membranes inside called thylakoids; stacks of thylakoids = grana; fluid around grana = stroma
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14. It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.
What can happen when light strikes an object?
It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.
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15. No… only some wavelengths are absorbed.
Do plant pigments absorb all wavelengths of light?
No… only some wavelengths are absorbed.
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16. TRIVIA
ROUND 2
MACHINE

17. A cluster of 100s of pigment molecules and proteins
What is a photosystem?
A cluster of 100s of pigment molecules and proteins
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18. They’re embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
Where are photosystems located?
They’re embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
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19. It’s either absorbed or reflected.
What happens to light when it hits plant pigments?
It’s either absorbed or reflected.
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20. Why is NADP+ important in photosynthesis?
It’s needed to make NADPH for the Calvin cycle. It can provide protons and electrons for reactions in the form of H.
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21. Plant cells use light to make what energy storage molecules?
ATP and NADPH
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22. What happens to electrons of chlorophyll a molecules when they are raised to a higher energy level?
They go to the P.E.A.
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23. What happens to chlorophyll a molecules when they absorb light energy?
They lose electrons.
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24. Photolysis (water splitting)
What is the source of the oxygen produced in photosynthesis?
Photolysis (water splitting)
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25. Providing energy for phosphorylation
What is chemiosmosis responsible for?
Providing energy for phosphorylation
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26. What is the phosphorylation reaction that occurs?
ADP + PO4- → ATP
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27. What three things does the proton gradient in the light reaction depend upon?
Photolysis
H+ being pumped into the thylakoid
Structure of chloroplasts (thylakoid membrane is semi-permeable)
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28. What product from the light reaction provides the energy for the Calvin cycle? What product shuttles p+ and e-?
ATP; NADPH
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29. Lose energy (return to original state) as they move along ETC
What happens to the electrons at the thylakoid membrane in terms of energy?
Lose energy (return to original state) as they move along ETC
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30. Where do the replacement electrons come from for PS I?
PS II
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31. Photolysis (splitting of water)
Where do the replacement electrons come from for PS II?
Photolysis (splitting of water)
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32. Trace the pathway of electrons from PS II.
PS II → PEA → ETC → PS I
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33. PS I → PEA → ETC → stroma → combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH
Trace the pathway of electrons from PS I.
PS I → PEA → ETC → stroma → combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH
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34. Where do the light reactions occur?
In the thylakoids
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35. TRIVIA
ROUND 3
MACHINE

36. Carbon fixation, carbon reshuffling, and regeneration
What are our names for the three phases of the Calvin cycle?
Carbon fixation, carbon reshuffling, and regeneration
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37. What is removed from ATP to release energy?
a PO4- group
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38. How many total ATP molecules are needed in the Calvin cycle if 3 CO2 molecules are used?
9 (6 needed in reshuffling phase and 3 needed in the regeneration phase)
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39. Where does the energy that drives the Calvin cycle come from?
Light reactions: ATP and
NADPH - which provides e-
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40. It doe not require light!
What molecules does the Calvin cycle require? Does the cycle require light?
Requires: ATP for energy , NADPH for protons and electrons, and CO2 for a carbon source
It doe not require light!
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41. Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
In the stroma
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42. What’s another name for PGAL?
G3P
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43. If 3 CO2 molecules enter the Calvin cycle, how many PGALs are made
If 3 CO2 molecules enter the Calvin cycle, how many PGALs are made? How many PGALs remain in the cycle and are converted back into RuBP?
6 are made; 5 remain
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44. Glucose; but also lipids and amino acids to build proteins
What products can be produced from the PGAL that leaves the Calvin cycle?
Glucose; but also lipids and amino acids to build proteins
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45. To make PGAL; used in carbon reshuffling
Why is NADPH needed in the Calvin cycle? In which phase is it used?
To make PGAL; used in carbon reshuffling
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46. CO2 from the air, H from NADPH and RuBP
During the Calvin cycle, what are the carbon-containing molecules produced from?
CO2 from the air, H from NADPH and RuBP
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47. PGAL has 3 carbons therefore 2 are needed to make a 6 carbon glucose
How many carbon atoms does PGAL have? How many PGALs then are needed to make 1 glucose?
PGAL has 3 carbons therefore 2 are needed to make a 6 carbon glucose
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48. Remain in the cycle for regeneration phase; resulting molecule is RuBP
Only 1 PGAL leaves the Calvin cycle. What happens to the others? What molecule results?
Remain in the cycle for regeneration phase; resulting molecule is RuBP
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49. TRIVIA
ROUND 4
MACHINE

50. They use less water than C3 plants.
How does the amount of water used by C4 and CAM plants compare to the amount used by C3 plants?
They use less water than C3 plants.
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51. When do CAM plants have their stomata open
When do CAM plants have their stomata open? How does this compare to C3 and C4 plants?
CAM stomata are open at night while C3 and C4 stomata open during the day.
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52. Does the light reaction depend upon light? Does the Calvin cycle?
Yes! No!
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53. What is the final overall product that plants make in photosynthesis?
Glucose (from PGAL)
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54. Yes – these products are made in the light reactions!
Do plants need light to carry out the reactions that generate ATP and NADPH?
Yes – these products are made in the light reactions!
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55. CO2 levels; temperature; light intensity
What does the rate of photosynthesis depend upon?
CO2 levels; temperature; light intensity
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56. Define photosynthesis.
A biochemical pathway that converts light energy into organic compounds
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57. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
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58. What can the carbon atoms in all organic molecules be traced back to?
CO2 from the atmosphere
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59. In which stage of photosynthesis are carbohydrates produced?
Calvin cycle
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60. What major byproduct of photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere?
oxygen
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