1. Why classify organisms?
Biology A

2. Student Goals
Explain HOW and WHY organisms are classified into Kingdoms through species.

3. Hierarchical Classification
Taxonomic categories
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

4. Hierarchical Classification
Classification System in Biology goes from biggest category to smallest category.
Each bigger category can hold many smaller ones.
i.e., One Kingdom can hold many phyla, one phyla can hold many classes

5. What is a Mnemonic Device
A Mnemonic Device is a strategy for remembering things.
Typically this involves using a little phrase where the first letters stand for the things you’re trying to remember in order.
Because a sentence or phrase makes sense, it’s easier to remember new or non-related things.
What is a strategy for remembering the Hierarchical Classification order?
What is a Seven-word phrase to remember this order? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

6. Mnemonic Device: Examples
King Phillip Came Over For Green Soup
Kings Play Chess On Fine Grained Sand
Kindly Put Candy Out For Good Students
You develop a mnemonic device!
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

7. Founder: Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus invented a binomial system of classification for all living things in the 1750’s
Classification system using 7 taxons or categories.

8. Linnaeus: original

9. Classification is in Latin
Why do we use Latin scientific names in biology?
Latin used to be the language of science.
Latin is a dead language; it doesn’t change.
They are useful to avoid confusion.

10. Scientific names: the Latin name of a plant or animal
Common name
Dog
Cat
Human
Red maple
Corn
Scientific name
Canis familiaris
Felis catus
Homo sapiens
Acer rubrum
Zea mays

11. Binomial nomenclature rules
Genus
Noun, Capitalized, Underlined or Italicized
Example: Ursus
Species
Descriptive, Lower Case, Underlined or Italicized
Example: arctos
Ursus arctos
Ursus arctos (Brown Bear)

12. GENUS: The first part of the name.
Families are divided into groups of closely related organisms.
Organisms in the same genus are related to each other, but they may look very different, and be different species. Plural of Genus= Genera
Brown bear- Ursus arctos
THREE DIFFERENT GENERA
Sun bear- Helarctos malayanus
Giant panda- Ailuropoda melanoleuca

13. Specific Name = SPECIES NAME
The second part of the scientific name. NOT capitalized.
Each genus is subdivided into populations of organisms that breed (mate together) called species.
All members of one species are more closely related to each other than they are to other members of the same genus.
All members of one species tend to look similar, but they are not genetically identical.
(There is some variation in genes within each species)
Members of a species mate with each other and produce offspring that will look like them.
Those offspring can reproduce the species too.

15. Taxonomic Classification of Man
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Craniata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Homo sapien

16. What two parts make up the scientific name?
Quiz- Question #1
What two parts make up the scientific name?
Chicago Botanical Gardens: Bronze sculpture of Carolus Linnaeus created in 1982 by Robert Berks (American b. 1922)
Answer: Genus and Species

17. Quiz- Question #2
What are the 7 categories that Linnaeus developed? (what’s your mnemonic device?)
Answer: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, family, genus, species.

18. What is one reason why we classify organisms?
Quiz- Question #3
What is one reason why we classify organisms?
Answer: To give order to the organisms, provide a universal way to study organisms, it helps scientists understand organisms better.