1. Chapter 11 Worldviews in Conflict
“How does cultural contact between two societies affect their identity and worldview?”

2. Please define the following terms:
Ideology 
Catastrophe
Conquest
Franciscan order
educated guess
Chalice
Ecomienda
Biodiversity
Mestuzo
Viceroy

3. Section 11.1 – Changing a Worldview
Think it through read page 238:
What world event in your own time do you think had a similarly far-reaching effect on people’s worldview? Be prepared to defend your choice.
Figure 11-2: How might applying Williams’ thoughts change how people treat the planet and how the world’s nations interact?
 They might see the need to work together for the sake of the future of the world. They might have greater respect for the world and the people on it.

4. Exploring Sources Read Page 240:
- Why were these actions (destroying temples and burning codices) necessary from the Franciscan perspective?
The Franciscans probably felt that leaving the symbols, temples, and relics of the old religion would make it too easy for the people to return to it. They felt their best chance of successfully converting the Aztecs to Christianity was to erase reminders of the old religion.
In Chapter 7 and 8 you read how important religion was to the Aztecs. How might the destruction of their temples affect their sense of identity?
It would be another sign that their religion is failing. To see a nation’s religion fail at a key moment in that nation’s history and then to be forced to adopt another religion would certainly have affected the Aztec’s identity.

5. Zoom in: read page 241
Why do you think the museum in Sweden wanted to display the pole?
To teach visitors about the culture and beliefs of First Nations people of British Columbia.
Compare the perspectives of First Nations people on objects such as the totem pole and those of non-First Nation people.
These objects are important spiritual and religious objects to First Nations peoples. Non-First Nations people might see them as objects of interest and beauty.

6. Think it through read page 242: What effect would such radical changes to their economic system have on the Aztecs’ sense of identity, the way they thought of themselves, and their position in the world?
 The destruction of the Aztec economy would have dealt a heavy blow to the Aztec worldview, especially given that along with that destruction came the imprisonment of the Emperor, military losses, and all the other societal changes brought about by the conquistadors.
Figure 11-7: What effect did this arrangement have on the Aztecs’ ability to create wealth for themselves?
They could not create wealth for themselves. They were only allowed enough to meet their basic needs and to survive.

7. Section 11.2 – A New Worldview Emerges
Figure 11-11: How do Cortes’s policies affect the population of Mexico today?
 By giving the Spanish soldiers land grants and getting them to marry he established an ongoing line of Spanish ethnicity in Mexico. Today this mixed-race people, the Mestizos, form the largest part of Mexico’s population.
Figure 11-12: Based on what you know about Cortes, make an educated guess about his reaction to having his power undermined.
He was probably very annoyed. He would have taken it very personally. He would have felt that Spain owed him more for all that he had done for her.

8. Voices:
: On Independence read page 251: How does the artist show that all three groups-Indigenous, Mestizos and Creoles cooperated to win Mexico’s independence from Spain?
All three groups are represented in the painting. They all worked together on this common goal.
Figure 11-17: What parts of Diego’s mural remind you of his image of the Aztecs? Why?
 The similarities are the costumes and use of popular characters. His paintings depict what society was like.
Zoom In: The Day of the Dead (Page 252)
Note how the Aztec practices Sahagun is describing resemble the Day of the Dead ceremonies. What does the survival of these traditions tell you about the worldview of Mexico today?

9. Think it through: page 254. Why do you think Frida Kahlo dressed the way she did?
 She wanted to show that she was sympathetic to their cause. She was speaking out against the privileged in her society.
What factors influence the way you dress?